Redefine basic terms:

 communicate

 language

 English

.

 communicate = transmit message ?

.

.

.
(Jakobson, 1982: 350-377 [1958])

 communicate =

Establish a relationship*
in which to search for a common code

*presumption: concomitant changes are causal

 language = code* (words+rules) ?

*Physically:  set  of  rules  for  signal/message  conversion.
Semiotically: set of signs, i.e. lexical-syntactic oppositions.

But...      and... .
               The Piano , Jane Campion, 1992              OSU Research News Service

 language = behavioural matrix* acquired/used in participating in communicative events.

*Physically: sedimented modulations of social behaviour.
Socially: disposition to act/react understandably.

. .
. . . Algiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bologna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas City

 English = Official language in Britain
and most ex-British colonies ?

Great Britian . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . USA (Bush) (Nashville)
Other ES Countries

Communication = Establishment of a relationship (search for a common code).
.
Language = Behavioural matrix (sedimentation of modulations of communicative behaviour).
..
English (1.) = Behavioural matrix in which Anglo wills to mean* produce Anglo ways of being**.
.
*Anglo wills to mean = culturally-connoted intents, rendered by given resources: gestures, words, emblems... (USA: "Hey" + take-5 greeting)
** Anglo ways of being = matrix of various culturally-connoted behaviours. (USA: emphatic greetings derive from Be Positive ethos.)
.
N.B. Autonomous derivations: Anglo resources + non Anglo will to mean/be.
ENGLISH (2.) = family of Anglo idioms and autonomous derivations.

Applications
.
1. Understanding an L2 = lexical meaning is seen as the alogical sedimentation of behaviours and intents characterizing a given situation:.

Applications

2. Translation = the act of reproducing, in a different language, the communicative intent and expressive ploys of a text, by (1.) reacting to it as might an imaginary member of the original ratifying readership and, then, (2.) as an imaginary member of the target readership, rewriting the text as that person might, to render the epistemic, affective and volitive reactions experienced.

(CLICK)

Applications

.
3. Intercultural encounter coach = through briefings and simulations, help a businessman or government representative to interact better with interlocutors of another culture in negotiating, presenting a project, resolving conflict, creating good will...)

(CLICK)

Applications

.4. Diversity expert = Work with governments, unions, voluntary organizations, etc. to help resolve the intercultural conflicts, both interpersonal and involving entire ethnic groups, caused by mishandled diversity.

(Click)
Also see the following example of a coopeative for social services:
http://www.interculturando.it/ - http://www.interculturando.it/servizi.html

Conclusion: language student = ethnographer

(M. Byram, Developing Intercultural Competence in Practice. Multilingual Matters, 2001)

Skills for learning from the environment:

• observe, transcribe, extrapolate, experiment;

• internalize subjectivities, manage on-going events.
  
  
  

.
Tim Sebastian interviews Robert Brown*
*wrongly imprisoned by Manchester police for 25 years
(Hardtalk, BBC, 16.01.2003, 11.30 a.m. GMT)

SEBASTIAN; You signed the statement which incriminated you for the murder of the 51-year-old woman. Did you realize the gravity of what you were doing?

BROWN: No, I did not realize the gravity of it at all, I didn't realize the seriousness or the consequences of my actions at that age. I mean, the... the... the statement isielf, it, absolutely no real fact in it,the litt'l bits that were factual the police (m)ade it up themselves

BACK

.

Hawaiian creole English, *Tok Pisin (New Guinea English)
Shift in Norm Providers

.

to Secrets & Lies:_ anomaly

.
Sound
Back..
M. Leigh, Secrets and Lies, Channel Four Films, London, 1996

.
"He went West!" . . .Where?

.

.

.
"Il est parti vers l'ouest!" Où?

\

\

.

.

.
PASSAGGI "TRADUTTIVI"

                A U T O R E                                       L E T T O R I
.......................¯........................................................¯.................................

STATO -----------1--------------> ESPRESSIONE ------------2------------> STATO
      X                                                 X                                                  X’
                                                                                                       3
                                                                                              3
                                                                                   3
                                               
                                       3
                           3
              3
  STATO------------4---------->ESPRESSIONE----------5------------->STATO
      Y                                               Y                                                 Y’

.

©2003 – Patrick Boylan, Dipartimento di Linguistica, Università di Roma Tre
Materiali sulla comunicazaione interculturale su: www.boylan.it

Definition of culture?

How to represent a cultural matrix?


G. Hofstede, Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values,1980.

Distribution of middle American cultural/communicative traits



(L. Beamer, http://www.dialogin.com, 2001)

Comparison of cultural styles to identify points of friction.



(L. Beamer, http://www.dialogin.com, 2001)

One researcher's definition
of cultural parameters...

L. Beamer

Others:
G. Hofstede
F. Trompenaars
V. Merk

go to 2

L'obiettivo oggi:
comunicare interculturalmente

non "parlare l'inglese 'bene'
(tranne in incontri con inglesi colti)
English Dialects

non (solo) "risultare simpatico"
ma risultare convincente

Cosa significa (risposta di gruppo)