Family FURNARIIDAE
Subfamily FURNARIINAE
Geobates poecilopterus   CAMPO MINER.  Open grassland with few trees, cerrado, campos.  Lowlands of s Brazil and ne Bolivia.  Sometimes placed in Geositta.
Geositta cunicularia   COMMON MINER.  Open sandy areas, grassy highlands.  Lowlands and Andes to 4800 m of s Peru, c,s Bolivia, Uruguay, se Brazil, Chile, incl. I. Mocha, and Argentina to Tiera del Fuego.  Rather abrupt changes in size, plumage and possibly vocalizations suggest that more than one species may be included under this name.  Subspecific nomenclature is controversial.
Geositta maritima   GREYISH MINER.  Arid, rocky areas, desert.  Mostly in coastal areas of w Peru and n Chile.

Geositta peruviana   COASTAL MINER.  Arid, sandy plains and hillsides, arid scrub. Coastal w Peru.
Geositta punensis   PUNA MINER.  Grassland, arid and sandy areas with dwaft vegetation.  Andes, 3000-5000 m of s Peru, w,sw Bolivia, nw Argentina and n Chile.
Geositta saxicolina   DARK-WINGED MINER.  Stony slopes with sparse vegetation.  Andes, 3700-4900 m, of c Peru.
Geositta isabellina   CREAMY-RUMPED MINER.  Open, rocky slopes.  Andes, 1800-2050 m, of n,c Chile and w Argentina.
Geositta antarctica   SHORT-BILLED MINER.  Open country.  S Argentina and s Chile along Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego.

Geositta rufipennis   RUFOUS-BANDED MINER.  Bushy, rocky slopes.  Andes, 3100-4400 m of c,sw Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.
Geositta crassirostris   THICK-BILLED MINER.  Rocks, crags.  Andes, 1800-3000 m of w Peru.
Geositta tenuirostris   SLENDER-BILLED MINER.  Puna slopes.  Andes, 2500-4600 m, of nw Peru through c,s Bolivia to nw Argentina.
Upucerthia harterti   BOLIVIAN EARTHCREEPER.  Arid scrub.  Andes, 1400-4600 m, of c,se Bolivia.  Often treated as a subspecies of U. certhioides.  Placed in Ochetorhynchus by Ridgely and Tudor, see following species.

Upucerthia certhioides   CHACO EARTHCREEPER.  Arid scrub.  Lowlands to 1330 m of se Bolivia, w Paraguay and nw Argentina.  Sometimes placed in Ochetorhynchus, e.g. Ridgely and Tudor 1994. Birds of S. America, 2:35.
Upucerthia ruficauda   STRAIGHT-BILLED EARTHCREEPER.  Rocky slopes, arid montane scrub.  Andes, 2100-4500 m, of s Peru, w Bolivia, Chile and Argentina.  In Ochetorhynchus by Ridgely and Tudor, see preceding species.
Upucerthia andaecola   ROCK EARTHCREEPER.  Rocky slopes, often near water.  Andes, 2100-4500 m, of c,s Bolivia, nw Argentina and probably n Chile.

Upucerthia serrana   STRIATED EARTHCREEPER.  Stony slopes with sparse vegetation.  Andes, 2740-4270 m, of Peru.
Upucerthia dumetaria   SCALE-THROATED EARTHCREEPER.  Arid slopes, thorny brush, sometimes near water.  Andes to 3900 m from s Peru and c,s Bolivia s through Chile and w Argentina and e to coastal lowlands of Argentina.
Upucerthia albigula   WHITE-THROATED EARTHCREEPER.  Arid scrub, wet meadows.  Andes, 2600-3700 m, of extreme s Peru and extreme n Chile.
Upucerthia jelskii   PLAIN-BREASTED EARTHCREEPER.  Rocky bushy slopes.  Andes, 3050-5000 m, from c Peru s to c,sw Bolivia and n Chile.  Sometimes considered conspecific with U. validirostris, the two approach closely in nw Argentina without evidence of intergradation and may be sympatric there.

Upucerthia validirostris   BUFF-BREASTED EARTHCREEPER.  Brushy slopes, dry streambeds.  Andes, 2700-5000 m, of sw Bolivia and nw Argentina from Jujuy to Mendoza.
Cinclodes fuscus   BAR-WINGED CINCLODES.  Streams, rocks, wet meadows.  Mts., 3500-5000 m, from Colombia and w Venezuela s through Andes of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, n Chile and nw Argentina and s at lower elevations in Chile and nw,c,e Argentina s to Tierra del Fuego.
Cinclodes comechingonus   CORDOBA CINCLODES.  Grassy areas, small bushes above treeline. Known only from mts., 2000-2900 m, of nc Argentina.  Sometimes treated as a race of C. fuscus, and they are not known to breed in sympatry.

Cinclodes pabsti   LONG-TAILED CINCLODES.  Rocky savanna, campos.  Plateau region, 900-1200 m, of se Brazil.
Cinclodes oustaleti   GREY-FLANKED CINCLODES.  Rocky streams, ditches.  Mts. to 3700 m from n Chile and cw Argentina s to Tierra del Fuego; Juan Fernández Is.
Cinclodes olrogi   OLROG'S CINCLODES.  Rocky savanna.  Hills, 1000-2200 m, of c Argentina.  Possibly a race of C. fuscus, but olrogi appears to be closer to C. oustaleti and is treated here as an allospecies of the latter.
Cinclodes excelsior   STOUT-BILLED CINCLODES.  Open slopes of paramo.  Sometimes placed in the genus Geositta or in Upucerthia.

 C. e. excelsior  Andes, 2900-5200 m, of Colombia in the C. Andes n to Tolima and Nariño, and in Ecuador.
 C. e. aricomae  Se Peru in Cuzco and Puno.  Probably a separate species.

Cinclodes patagonicus   DARK-BELLIED CINCLODES.  Rocky shores of sea and inland waters.  Mts. to 3400 m from c Chile and cw Argentina s to Tierra del Fuego, incl. I. Mocha.
Cinclodes taczanowskii   SURF CINCLODES.  Rocky coasts.  Coast of c,s Peru, incl. small coastal is.  Sometimes treated as a race of C. nigrofumosus, but there is no evidence of intergradation where their ranges approach one another.
Cinclodes nigrofumosus   SEASIDE CINCLODES.  Rocky coasts.  Coast of n,c Chile, incl. I. Mocha and small is.
Cinclodes antarcticus   BLACKISH CINCLODES.  Rocky beaches, clumps of vegetation.  Is. of extreme s Chile and Argentina from I. Dawson and s Tierra del Fuego to Cape Horn and Staten I.

Cinclodes atacamensis   WHITE-WINGED CINCLODES.  Rocky streamsides in puna.  Andes, 2300-5200 m, from c Peru and c,s Bolivia s to c Chile and nw Argentina.
Cinclodes palliatus   WHITE-BELLIED CINCLODES.  Rocky slopes near streams in puna.  Andes, 4400-5000 m, of n,c Peru.
Chilia melanura   CRAG CHILIA.  Dry rocky areas with sparse vegetation, cliffs.  Mts. to 3000 m of Chile from Atacama s in the Andes and coastal ranges to Colchagua.
Furnarius minor   LESSER HORNERO.  River island scrub.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, in se Colombia, ne Peru and Amazonian Brazil.

Furnarius figulus   WING-BANDED HORNERO or BAND-TAILED HORNERO.  Open scrub, towns.  Lowlands of Amazonian Brazil; e,se Brazil.
Furnarius leucopus   PALE-LEGGED HORNERO.  Savanna, woodland, riparian thickets, farmlands, arid coastal scrub.  Lowlands to 2700 m of n Colombia; e of Andes of nw Venezuela, Guyana, ne Peru, Amazonian,e Brazil and n,e Bolivia; w of Andes in sw Ecuador and nw Peru.
Furnarius torridus   PALE-BILLED HORNERO.  Riparian woodland, thickets.  Lowlands, e of Andes, of ne Peru and extreme w Amazonian Brazil.  Torridus has been treated as a race of F. leucopus, but they occur sympatrically in ne Peru.  The race tricolor has been treated as a species and some authorities treat the western isolate, cinnamomeus, as a separate species.

Furnarius rufus   RUFOUS HORNERO.  Open country, savanna, open woodland, towns.  Lowlands and mts. to 3700 m, e of Andes, of e,se Bolivia, Paraguay, s Brazil and Argentina.
Furnarius cristatus   CRESTED HORNERO.  Bushy plains, scrub, chaco.  Lowlands to 1000 m of se Bolivia, w Paraguay and nw Argentina.
Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii   DES MURS'S WIRETAIL.  Humid Nothofagus forest in thick undergrowth, bamboo.  Lowlands to 1000 m of c,s Chile, incl. I. Mocha, and cw,s Argentina.
Aphrastura spinicauda   THORN-TAILED RAYADITO.  Dense Nothofagus forest on branches.  Lowlands to 2000 m of c,s Chile s to Tierra del Fuego, incl. Mocha, Chiloé and Melchor is. and sw,s Argentina from Neuquén to Staten I.

Aphrastura masafuerae   MAS AFUERA RAYADITO.  Dense, humid tree-fern forest, along streams.  Juan Fernandez Is. on Más Afuera I.  Total population 500-1000 individuals.
Leptasthenura fuliginiceps   BROWN-CAPPED TIT-SPINETAIL.  Dense scrub.  Andes, 2500-4200 m, of Bolivia and w Argentina.
Leptasthenura yanacensis   TAWNY TIT-SPINETAIL.  Brushy and rocky slopes, Polylepis woodland.  Andes, 3200-5200 m, of nw,se Peru and c,s Bolivia.
Leptasthenura platensis   TUFTED TIT-SPINETAIL.  Trees, shrubs.  Lowlands and mts. to 3000 m of se Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.

Leptasthenura aegithaloides   PLAIN-MANTLED TIT-SPINETAIL.  Arid brush, cactus.  Lowlands and mts. to 4600 m of s Peru, c,s Bolivia, Chile and Argentina.  More than one species may be involved.
Leptasthenura striolata   STRIOLATED TIT-SPINETAIL.  Presumably woodland or scrub.  Lowlands to 900 m of se Brazil.
Leptasthenura pileata   RUSTY-CROWNED TIT-SPINETAIL.  Scrub, woodland.  Andes, 2000-4300 m of nw,c Peru; sc Peru.  The taxon cajabambae is sometimes treated as a race of L. striata; more than one species may be involved.

Leptasthenura xenothorax   WHITE-BROWED TIT-SPINETAIL.  Scrub, Polylepis woodland.  Andes, 4000-4250 m, of c Peru.  Formerly regarded as a variant of L. pileata, but now known from at least ten specimens and appears to be a distinct species.
Leptasthenura striata   STREAKED TIT-SPINETAIL.  Brushy slopes, cactus scrub.  Andes, 1200-4000 m, of w Peru and n Chile.
Leptasthenura andicola   ANDEAN TIT-SPINETAIL.  Dense vegetation, riparian thickets, puna, paramo.  Mts., 2600-5200 m, from Colombia and nw Venezuela s through Andes of Ecuador and Peru to cw Bolivia.

Leptasthenura setaria   ARAUCARIA TIT-SPINETAIL.  Araucaria woodland.  Lowlands to 900 m of se Brazil and ne Argentina.
Schizoeaca perijana   PERIJA THISTLETAIL.  Tangled undergrowth, shrubs, mossy trees, wet grassland.  Sierra de Perijá, 3000-4100 m of extreme ne Colombia and extreme nw Venezuela.
Schizoeaca coryi   OCHRE-BROWED THISTLETAIL.  Tangled undergrowth, shrubs, mossy trees, wet grassland.  Andes, 2300-4100 m, of nw Venezuela.
Schizoeaca fuliginosa   WHITE-CHINNED THISTLETAIL.  Tangled undergrowth., shrubs, mossy trees, wet grassland.  Andes, 2300-3800 m, from Colombia and extreme w Venezuela s through Ecuador to n Peru.  The eight species from S. perijana to S. harterti have been considered conspecific, but the differences and mosaic distribution of characters suggest allospecies treatment.  Biochemical studies confirm the allospecies level for S. helleri and S. harterti.  Ref. Braun and Parker. 1985. Ornith. Monogr. No. 36:333-346.

Schizoeaca griseomurina   MOUSE-COLORED THISTLETAIL.  Tangled undergrowth, wet grassland.  Andes, 2900-3800 m of s Ecuador and nw Peru.
Schizoeaca palpebralis   EYE-RINGED THISTLETAIL.  Tangled undergrowth, shrubs, mossy trees, wet grassland.  Andes, 2100-3350 m, of c Peru.
Schizoeaca vilcabambae   VILCABAMBA THISTLETAIL. Tangled undergrowth, shrubs, mossy trees, wet grassland.  Andes, 2100-3350 m, of c Peru.  Species status follows Remsen 1981. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 94:1068-1075.
Schizoeaca helleri   PUNA THISTLETAIL.  Tangled undergrowth, bamboo thickets, wet grassland.  Andes, 2400-3400 m of se Peru.

Schizoeaca harterti   BLACK-THROATED THISTLETAIL.  Tangled undergrowth, shrubs, mossy trees, wet grassland.  Andes, 2100-3350 m, of c Bolivia.
Schizoeaca moreirae   ITATIAIA THISTLETAIL.  Open grassy woodland.  Mts., 2000-2800 m, of se Brazil.  Has been placed in Oreophylax.
Schoeniophylax phryganophila   CHOTOY SPINETAIL.  Sawgrass swamps, lowl bushes, palms, savanna.  Lowlands of n,e,se Bolivia, n Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and sw,s,e Brazil.
Synallaxis ruficapilla   RUFOUS-CAPPED SPINETAIL.  Forest undergrowth.  Lowlands of e Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina; a record from Uruguay is doubtful.

Synallaxis frontalis   SOOTY-FRONTED SPINETAIL.  Bushes, thorny scrub, tall grass.  Lowlands to 2300 m of c,e,se Bolivia, Paraguay, e,sc Brazil, Uruguay and n Argentina.  Includes S. poliophrys, which was based on a single mislabled specimen of S. frontalis allegedly from French Guiana, but probably taken in e Brazil; frontalis has been considered to be closely related to S. azarae, but there are morphological and ecological differences and range overlap between frontalis and azarae.
Synallaxis azarae   AZARA'S SPINETAIL.  Forest undergrowth.

 S. a. superciliosa and S. a. elegantior have been regarded as species; the former intergrades with azarae in Cochabamba, Bolivia and the latter is suspected of intergrading.  Remsen, et al. 1989.  Le Gerfaut 78:367.
 S. a. elegantior  Andes, 1100-3800 m, from Colombia and w Venezuela s through Ecuador to n Peru.
 S. a. azarae  Andes, 1250-3750 m, of n,se Peru and c Bolivia.
 S. a. superciliosa  Andes, 600-2900 m, of e,se Bolivia and nw Argentina.

Synallaxis courseni   APURIMAC SPINETAIL.  Humid open Podocarpus forest undergrowth, edge, brush, bamboo, streamside thickets.  Andes, 2450-3400 m, of sc Peru.  Sometimes considered a relative of S. brachyura, but courseni appears to be more closely related to S. azarae.
Synallaxis albescens   PALE-BREASTED SPINETAIL.  Grass, savanna, damp areas, scrubs on salt flats, bushy pastures.  Lowlands to 2100 m of sw Costa Rica and w,c Panama; from n,c,e Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, e of Andes, through n,c,e,se Brazil to extreme se Peru, n,e,se Bolivia, Paraguay and n Argentina.
Synallaxis spixi   CHICLI SPINETAIL or SPIX'S SPINETAIL.  Thickets, fern brakes.  Lowlands to 2000 m of se Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and ne Argentina.

Synallaxis brachyura   SLATY SPINETAIL.  Forest, bushes, grass.  Lowlands to 2000 m on Caribbean slope of Honduras and Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama and w,c Colombia, w Ecuador and nw Peru.
Synallaxis albigularis   DARK-BREASTED SPINETAIL.  River island scrub, grassy second growth.  Lowlands, e of Andes, of e Colombia, e Ecuador, e Peru and w Brazil.
Synallaxis hypospodia   CINEREOUS-BREASTED SPINETAIL.  Scrub, thickets in savanna.  Locally in lowlands, e of Andes, in e Peru, n Bolivia and wc,e Brazil.  Includes S. jaraguana, described as a race of S. brachyura but based on misidentified specimens of S. hypospodia.  See S. hellmayri.

Synallaxis infuscata   PINTO'S SPINETAIL.  Scrub.  Coastal lowlands of e Brazil.  Described as a subspecies of S. ruficapilla, but infuscata is a distinct species.
Synallaxis moesta   DUSKY SPINETAIL.  Scrub.  Lowlands, 400-1200 m, of se Colombia; lowlands to 1400 m, e of Andes, of Ecuador and ne Peru.  S. m. brunneicauda is sometimes treated as a species.
Synallaxis macconnelli   MACCONNELL'S SPINETAIL.  Forest undergrowth.  Locally in lowlands to 1900 m on slopes of Pantepui in se Venezuela and Guianas.  May be conspecific with S. cabanisi.

Synallaxis cabanisi   CABANIS'S SPINETAIL.  Forest undergrowth.  Andean foothills, 500-1400 m, of e Peru and n Bolivia.
Synallaxis subpudica   SILVERY-THROATED SPINETAIL.  Forest undergrowth.  E slope of E. Andes, 1200-3200 m, of ce Colombia.
Synallaxis tithys   BLACKISH-HEADED SPINETAIL.  Arid scrub.  Foothills, 400-600 m, on w slope of Andes of sw Ecuador and nw Peru.
Synallaxis cinerascens   GREY-BELLIED SPINETAIL.  Forest undergrowth.  Lowlands of se Brazil, e Paraguay, n Uruguay and ne Argentina.
Synallaxis propinqua   WHITE-BELLIED SPINETAIL.  River island scrub.  Lowlands, e of Andes, of e Ecuador, e Peru, n Bolivia, Amazonian,ne Brazil and extreme se French Guiana.

Synallaxis hellmayri   RED-SHOULDERED SPINETAIL.  Forest undergrowth, arid caatinga.  Lowlands of e Brazil in ne Piauí, n Bahia, w Pernambuco.  Sometimes placed in Asthenes, but Gyalophylax may be recognizable for this species.  Whitney and Pacheco (1994. Condor 96:559-565) describe distribution, habitat, behavior and vocalizations under Gyalophylax hellmayri and recommend this monotypic genus for this species, but suggest that Synallaxis hypospodia may be "the synallaxine most similar to Gyalophylax.".  Also ref. Ridgely and Tudor 1994. Birds of S. America, 2:81-82.
Synallaxis maranonica   MARANON SPINETAIL.  Humid forest undergrowth, edge.  Lowlands to 1500 m of n Peru.  Often considered conspecific with S. gujanensis, but maranonica is vocally distinct.

Synallaxis gujanensis   PLAIN-CROWNED SPINETAIL.  Shrubs, humid forest edge, thick undergrowth.  Lowlands to 1200 m, e of Andes, from se Colombia, e,s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and w,c,n Brazil.
Synallaxis albilora   WHITE-LORED SPINETAIL.  Humid forest edge, thick undergrowth.  Lowlands of e Bolivia, sc Brazil and nc Paraguay.
Synallaxis rutilans   RUDDY SPINETAIL.  Open humid forest, edge, second growth.  Lowlands to 1000 m, e of Andes, from se Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and n Brazil.  More than one species may be involved, but behavior and contact zones are poorly known.
Synallaxis cherriei   CHESTNUT-THROATED SPINETAIL.  Undergrowth in forest and savanna.  Locally, e of Andes, of e Ecuador, e Peru and sw Brazil.

Synallaxis unirufa   RUFOUS SPINETAIL.  Forest undergrowth.  Mts., 1000-3700 m, from Colombia and sw Venezuela s through Andes of e Ecuador to c Peru.
Synallaxis castanea   BLACK-THROATED SPINETAIL.  Forest undergrowth.  Coastal mts., 1300-2200 m, of nc Venezuela.  Often considered conspecific with S. unirufa, but differs in morphology and vocalizations.
Synallaxis fuscorufa   RUSTY-HEADED SPINETAIL.  Humid scrubby forest edge, clearings, dense tangles.  Santa Marta Mts., 750-3000 m of ne Colombia.
Synallaxis zimmeri   RUSSET-BELLIED SPINETAIL.  Bushy steppe and open woodland.  W slope of Andes, 1900-3000 m, of ne Colombia.

Synallaxis erythrothorax   RUFOUS-BREASTED SPINETAIL.  Thickets, brush, undergrowth.  Gulf-Caribbean lowlands from Mexico in s Veracruz, n Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas and Yucatán Pen. s to Belize, e Guatemala and nw Honduras; on Pacific slope from Chiapas to El Salvador.
Synallaxis cinnamomea   STRIPE-BREASTED SPINETAIL.  Thick forest undergrowth, open woodland, usually near water.  Foothills and mts., 700-2100 m, of nc,ne Colombia, w,n Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago.  The distinctive populations of Trinidad (carri) and Tobago (terrestris) may be full species.
Synallaxis stictothorax   NECKLACED SPINETAIL.  Arid scrub.  Lowlands of sw Ecuador and nw Peru in Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad; nw Peru in n Cajamarca.  Based on plumage and morphological differences, Ridgely and Tudor (1994. Birds of S. America, 2:83) recognize S. chinchipensis as a separate species that occurs in the Upper Río Marañon Valley of nw Peru, formerly considered a race of S. stictothorax.  They also question the assignment of these two species to Synallaxis and note similarities to certain species of Cranioleuca and Siptornopsis.

Synallaxis candei   WHITE-WHISKERED SPINETAIL.  Thorny scrub, cacti, weedy pastures, shrubs on salt flats.  Arid lowlands to 1100 m of ne Colombia and nw Venezuela.  Has been placed in Poecilurus.
Synallaxis kollari   HOARY-THROATED SPINETAIL.  Open woodland, grass. Lowlands of extreme n Brazil.  Has been placed in Poecilurus.
Synallaxis scutata   OCHRE-CHEEKED SPINETAIL.  Forest undergrowth, thick woodland.  Lowlands to 1700 m of e,se Bolivia, c,e Brazil and nw Argentina.  Has been placed in Poecilurus.
Hellmayrea gularis   WHITE-BROWED SPINETAIL.  Forest undergrowth.  Mts., 2300-4800 m, Colombia and nw Venezuela s through e Ecuador to Peru.  This aberrant species is retained in a monotypic genus.

Cranioleuca erythrops   RED-FACED SPINETAIL.  Humid forest.  Mts., 700-2300 m, of Costa Rica, w,e Panama, w,c,ne Colombia and w Ecuador.
Cranioleuca antisiensis   LINE-CHEEKED SPINETAIL.  Open forest, woodland, thickets.

 C. a. antisiensis  Andes, 1180-2800 m, of s Ecuador and n Peru s to n Cajamarca.
 C. a. baroni  Andes, 1700-4500 m, of n,c Peru from s Lambayeque, c Cajamarca and Amazonas s to Pasco, Lima and probably Junín.  Recognized as a species, C. baroni, by Ridgely and Tudor 1994. Birds of S. America, 2:87.  Not known to intergrade with antisiensis.

Cranioleuca pallida   PALLID SPINETAIL.  Forest.  Lowlands to 2000 m of se Brazil.
Cranioleuca curtata   ASH-BROWED SPINETAIL.  Forest.  Andes, 1300-2500 m, from c Colombia s through e,s Ecuador and e,se Peru to wc Bolivia.  C. furcata is based on an immature specimen of C. curtata (Graves 1986. Condor 88:120-121).
Cranioleuca demissa   TEPUI SPINETAIL.  Humid forest, edge.  Pantepui, 1100-2400 m of s,se Venezuela, w Guyana and adj. n Brazil.  Has been included in C. curtata, but is a valid species.
Cranioleuca hellmayri   STREAK-CAPPED SPINETAIL.  Forest, often among bromeliads.  Santa Marta Mts., 1350-3000 m, of ne Colombia.

Cranioleuca subcristata   CRESTED SPINETAIL.  Forest.  Foothills and mts., 300-2300 m, of ne Colombia and nc,w Venezuela.
Cranioleuca pyrrhophia   STRIPE-CROWNED SPINETAIL.  Thickets, forest, dry woodland, arid montane scrub.  Lowlands and mts., 400-3100 m, of c,se Bolivia, w Paraguay, se Brazil, Uruguay and n,c Argentina.
Cranioleuca obsoleta   OLIVE SPINETAIL.  Forest.  Lowlands to 900 m of se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.  May be conspecific with C. pyrrhophia as vocalizations are similar and some specimens in the contact zone appear to be intermediate.
Cranioleuca marcapatae   MARCAPATA SPINETAIL.  Humid forest edge, bamboo thickets.  Andes, 2600-3300 m of se Peru.

Cranioleuca albiceps   LIGHT-CROWNED SPINETAIL.  Humid forest.  Andes, 2200-3300 m, of sw Peru and c Bolivia.
Cranioleuca semicinerea   GREY-HEADED SPINETAIL.  Forest, caatinga.  Lowlands to 1000 m of e Brazil.
Cranioleuca albicapilla   CREAMY-CRESTED SPINETAIL.  Forest.  Andes, 2400-3300 m, of c,se Peru.
Cranioleuca dissita   COIBA SPINETAIL.  Open woodland.  W Panama on I. Coiba.  Usually considered a race of C. vulpina, but dissita is allopatric and differs in morphology, vocalizations and ecology.

Cranioleuca vulpina   RUSTY-BACKED SPINETAIL.  Reedbeds, thickets, dense undegrowth, usually near water.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, e Colombia and c,e Venezuela s through n,c Brazil to e Peru and n Bolivia.
Cranioleuca muelleri   SCALED SPINETAIL.  Forest.  Lowlands of e Amazonian Brazil, incl. I. Mexiana.
Cranioleuca gutturata   SPECKLED SPINETAIL.  Forest thickets.  Lowlands to 750 m, e of Andes, from se Colombia, s Venezuela, Surinam and French Guiana s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and n Brazil.
Cranioleuca sulphurifera   SULPHUR-BEARDED SPINETAIL.  Dense reedbeds, sawgrass marshes, swamps.  Coastal lowlands of se Brazil, Uruguay and ne Argentina.

Certhiaxis cinnamomea   YELLOW-CHINNED SPINETAIL.  Dense undergrowth in marshes, swamps, mangroves, thorny scrub, generally near water.  Lowlands to 500 m from n,c,e Colombia, n,c Venezuela and s through Brazil, n,e,se Bolivia and Paraguay to Uruguay and n,ne Argentina.
Certhiaxis mustelina   RED-AND-WHITE SPINETAIL.  Dense undergrowth in marshes, swamps and mangroves.  Lowlands to 300 m, e of Andes, in se Colombia, ne Peru and Amazonian Brazil.
Asthenes pyrrholeuca   LESSER CANASTERO or SHARP-BILLED CANASTERO.  Semi-arid, stony slopes, thorny scrub, usually near water.  Andes, 1500-3000 m, of Chile and Argentina.

Asthenes baeri   SHORT-BILLED CANASTERO.  Open scrubby forest.  Lowlands to 1500 m of se Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, se Bolivia and Argentina.
Asthenes pudibunda   CANYON CANASTERO.  Thorn scrub, cactus, woodland, rocky slopes.  Andes, 2750-3700 m, of w Peru.
Asthenes ottonis   RUSTY-FRONTED CANASTERO.  Rocky slopes, arid scrub.  Andes, 2750-3600 m, of se Peru.
Asthenes heterura   MAQUIS CANASTERO.  Open woodland.  Andes, 3000-4125 m, of wc Bolivia.  Sometimes considered conspecific with A. pudibunda, but heterura has also been regarded as closest to A.. ottonis.

Asthenes cactorum   CACTUS CANASTERO.  Cactus scrub.  Pacific slope of c Peru.  Cactorum has been considered a race of A. modesta but it is ecologically and vocally distinct.
Asthenes modesta   CORDILLERAN CANASTERO.  Arid puna slopes.  Andes, 2300-4600 m, from c,s Peru and c,sw Bolivia s through Chile to n Magallanes and Andes and lowlands of Argentina.
Asthenes luizae   CIPO CANASTERO.  Scrub and thickets on rocky slopes.  Se Brazil.  Ecology, vocalizations and behavior indicate species status of luizae; it is probably related to A. modesta, A. dorbignyi or possibly A. patagonica.

Asthenes dorbignyi   CREAMY-BREASTED CANASTERO.  Arid open areas with bushes, near water, open scrubby woodland.  The taxa huancavelicae and/or usheri may be distinct species.

 A. d. huancavelicae  Andes, 2200-4600 m of wc Peru in Huancavelica.
 A. d. usheri  Sw Peru in Ayacucho and Apurimac.
 A. d. dorbignyi  S Peru, Bolivia, n Chile and w Argentina s to Mendoza.

Asthenes berlepschi   BERLEPSCH'S CANASTERO.  Scrubby areas.  Andes, 2600-3700 m, of cw Bolivia.   May be a large, high elevation subspecies of A. dorbignyi.
Asthenes steinbachi   CHESTNUT CANASTERO.  Scrubby areas, usually near water.  Andes, 800-3000 m, of w Argentina.  Sometimes considered conspecific with A. dorbignyi, but a. steinbachi is distinct and apparantly partly sympatric altitudinally with dorbignyi.
Asthenes humicola   DUSKY-TAILED CANASTERO.  Thickets, semi-arid thorn scrub.  Lowlands and Andean slopes to 2200 m of c Chile and w Argentina.

Asthenes patagonica   PATAGONIAN CANASTERO.  Dry scrub.  Patagonia of w Argentina.
Asthenes humilis   STREAK-THROATED CANASTERO.  Rocky puna slopes, stony grassland.  Andes, 2750-4800 m of Peru and cw Bolivia.
Asthenes wyatti   STREAK-BACKED CANASTERO.  Marshy, rocky slopes.  Locally in mts., 2300-5500 m of n Colombia, w Venezuela, c,s Ecuador and Peru.  Closely related to A. sclateri.  A. wyatti and A. sclateri punensis appear to overlap in Puno, Peru, but there may be some intergradation.  There may be other species to be delimited in s Ecuador.  Wyatti, sclateri and anthoides are vocally similar.

Asthenes sclateri   PUNA CANASTERO.  Open rocky slopes, puna grasslands, arid scrub, bushes.

 A. sclateri has priority over punensis for this species.  The punensis group has been considered conspecific with A. anthoides, but this seems to be wrong. (Ridgely and Tudor 1994. Birds of S. Amer., 2:112).
 A. s. punensis  Andes, 2150-4000 m of se Peru in Puno and cw Bolivia in La Paz.
 A. s. cuchacanchae  Andes of sw Bolivia in Cochabamba and Potosí.
 A. s. lilloi  Andes, 2000-2900 m of nc Argentina in Tucumán, Catamarca and La Rioja.
 A. s. sclateri  Andes, 2000-2900 m of nc Argentina in the Sierra de Córdoba in w Córdoba.

Asthenes anthoides   AUSTRAL CANASTERO.  Puna grasslands, damp meadows, open slopes.  From c Chile and w Argentina s to Tierra del Fuego and Staten I.
Asthenes urubambensis   LINE-FRONTED CANASTERO.  Mossy trees, thickets, vines.  Locally in Andes, 2750-3800 m of n,e Peru and n Bolivia.
Asthenes flammulata   MANY-STRIPED CANASTERO.  Bushes, grassy slopes.  Locally in Andes, 2300-4000 m of Colombia, Ecuador and nc Peru.  Status of some populations is uncertain.
Asthenes virgata   JUNIN CANASTERO.  Bushes, rocky areas.  Locally in Andes, 3350-4300 m, of c,se Peru.  Sometimes considered conspecific with A. flammulata.

Asthenes maculicauda   SCRIBBLE-TAILED CANASTERO.  Bushes, rocky slopes.  Locally in Andes, 2250-4300 m of se Peru, wc Bolivia and nw Argentina.  Relationship to A. virgata unclear but appears to be a distinct species.
Asthenes hudsoni   HUDSON'S CANASTERO.  Bushes, weeds, marshes.  Se Paraguay, w Uruguay and ne Argentina.
Thripophaga cherriei   ORINOCO SOFTTAIL.  Humid forest, bushes along river banks.  Known only from 150 m in sw Venezuela on upper Orinoco R. in cw Amazonas near mouth of R. Vichada.
Thripophaga macroura   STRIATED SOFTTAIL.  Forest.  Lowlands of se Brazil.

Thripophaga berlepschi   RUSSET-MANTLED SOFTTAIL.  Presumably forest or edge.  Andes above 2200 m of nc Peru.  Has been place in Phacellodromus.
Thripophaga fusciceps   PLAIN SOFTTAIL.  Presumably forest or edge.  Lowlands, e of Andes, of e Ecuador, c,e Peru, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.  Has been placed in Phacellodromus.
Siptornopsis hypochondriacus   GREAT SPINETAIL.  Dry woodland, scrub.  Andes, 2450-2800 m of nw Peru.  Has been placed in Phacellodromus.
Phacellodomus rufifrons   RUFOUS-FRONTED THORNBIRD.  Arid, thorny scrub, cactus.  Locally in lowlands to 2000 m, e of Andes, of e Colombia and n Venezuela; ne Peru; n,e,se Bolivia, nw Argentina, Paraguay and e,s Brazil.

Phacellodomus sibilatrix   LITTLE THORNBIRD.  Scrub, generally near water.  Lowlands of se Bolivia, c Paraguay, sw Uruguay and n Argentina.
Phacellodomus striaticeps   STREAK-FRONTED THORNBIRD.  Bushy slopes.  Andes, 3000-5000 m, from se Peru and Bolivia s to nw Argentina.
Phacellodomus striaticollis   FRECKLE-BREASTED THORNBIRD.  Bushy country, generally near water.

 P. s. maculipectus  C,se Bolivia and nw Argentina.  Treated as a separate species by Ridgely and Tudor 1994. Birds of S. America, 2:122.
 P. s. striaticollis  Uruguay, se Brazil and e Argentina.

Phacellodomus ruber   GREATER THORNBIRD.  Palm groves, thickets, sawgrass, generally near water.  N,e Bolivia, Paraguay, c,s Brazil and n Argentina.
Phacellodomus dorsalis   CHESTNUT-BACKED THORNBIRD.  Arid regions.  Andes, 1350-2750 m, of nw Peru.
Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus   RED-EYED THORNBIRD.  Coastal forest.  Coastal lowlands of e Brazil; se Brazil.  Sometimes placed in the monotypic genus Drioctistes.  P. e. ferruginegula of se Brazil may be a separate species.
Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides   CANEBRAKE GROUNDCREEPER.  Bamboo forest.  Lowlands of se Brazil, se Paraguay and ne Argentina.  Affinities uncertain; has been placed near Cinclodes or in Phacellodomus.

Spartonoica maluroides   BAY-CAPPED WREN-SPINETAIL.  Marshes, bushy meadows.  Lowlands of se Brazil, Uruguay and n,c Argentina.  Affinities unclear but probably close to Synallaxis.
Phleocryptes melanops   WREN-LIKE RUSHBIRD.  Cattails, reedbeds, marshes.  Locally in coastal areas from n Peru s to c Chile; lowlands to 4300 m from int. Peru e through c,sw Bolivia, s Paraguay and Uruguay to se Brazil and s through Argentina to Tierra del Fuego.
Limnornis curvirostris   CURVE-BILLED REEDHAUNTER.  Reedbeds.  Lowlands of se Brazil, s Uruguay and ne Argentina.
Limnornis rectirostris   STRAIGHT-BILLED REEDHAUNTER.  Reedbeds, long grass near water.  Lowlands of se Brazil, s,e Uruguay and ne Argentina.

Anumbius annumbi   FIREWOOD-GATHERER.  Open scrub, acacia savanna, thorny thickets, weed patches.  C,s Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and e,c Argentina.
Coryphistera alaudina   LARK-LIKE BRUSHRUNNER.  Open thorny scrub.  Se Bolivia, w Paraguay, w Uruguay, se Brazil and n Argentina.
Eremobius phoenicurus   BAND-TAILED EARTHCREEPER.  Arid thorn scrub on open hillsides.  Patagonia in w,s Argentina from Neuquén and Río Negro s to Santa Cruz.  Reports from Mendoza, La Rioja and Tierra del Fuego are questionable.
Siptornis striaticollis   SPECTACLED PRICKLETAIL.  Forest.  Locally in Andes, 1300-2500 m, of c Colombia, Ecuador and nw Peru.

Metopothrix aurantiacus   ORANGE-FRONTED PLUSHCROWN.  Riverine woodland, scrub.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, of se Colombia, e Ecuador, e Peru, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.  Systematic position has been debated, but furnariid affinities are supported by available evidence.
Xenerpestes minlosi   DOUBLE-BANDED GREYTAIL.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 900 m of e Panama and n,nc Colombia.  Systematic position of genus uncertain; Xenerpestes has been considered to be furnariine, but it has also been suggested that it may be formicariid.
Xenerpestes singularis   EQUATORIAL GREYTAIL.  Humid forest.  Known only from Andes, 1900-2000 m of ec Ecuador and n Peru.

Roraimia adusta   RORAIMAN BARBTAIL.  Forest, scrub.  Pantepui, 1000-2500 m of s Venezuela, w Guyana and adj. n Brazil.  Sometimes placed in Margarornis.  Generic relationships of Roraimia, Premnornis, Premnoplex and Margarornis are uncertain.
Premnornis guttuligera   RUSTY-WINGED BARBTAIL.  Humid forest.  Mts., 1600-2750 m, from Colombia and nw Venezuela s through Andes of e Ecuador to e Peru.  Sometimes placed in Margarornis.
Premnoplex brunnescens   SPOTTED BARBTAIL.  Humid forest.  Foothills and mts., 600-3000 m, of Costa Rica, Panama and from Colombia and w,n Venezuela s through Andes of w,e Ecuador and e Peru to wc Bolivia.  Sometimes placed in Margarornis.

Premnoplex tatei   WHITE-THROATED BARBTAIL.  Humid forest undergrowth, edge.  Coastal mts., 1200-1700 m, of cn Venezuela; mts., 900-1200 m, of ne Venezuela.  Sometimes placed in Margarornis.  P. tatei is sometimes considered conspecific with P. brunnescens.
Margarornis rubiginosus   RUDDY TREERUNNER.  Humid forest edge, open woodland.  Mts., 1200-1850 m, of Costa Rica and w Panama.
Margarornis stellatus   FULVOUS-DOTTED TREERUNNER.  Humid, mossy forest.  Andes, 900-2200 m, of w Colombia and nw Ecuador.
Margarornis bellulus   BEAUTIFUL TREERUNNER.  Humid forest.  Known only from mts., 1400-1600 m, of e Panama.  Sometimes treated as a race of M. squamiger.

Margarornis squamiger   PEARLED TREERUNNER. Humid forest.  Mts., 1350-3900 m, from Colombia and w Venezuela s through Andes of Ecuador and Peru to c Bolivia.
Lochmias nematura   SHARP-TAILED STREAMCREEPER.  Humid forest, dense undergrowth along streams.  Locally in mts., 725-2500 m, from e Panama, Colombia, n,s Venezuela, sw Guyana and extreme n Brazil s along e slope of E. Andes of Ecuador and e Peru to c,se Bolivia and thence across lowlands of Paraguay and ne Argentina to s,e Brazil and Uruguay.  More than one species may be involved and Lochmias may be closely related to Margarornis and not to Sclerurus, but this is debatable.
Pseudoseisura cristata   RUFOUS CACHOLOTE.  Thorny scrub, dry woodland.  Lowlands of n,e Bolivia, w Paraguay and c,e Brazil.

Pseudoseisura lophotes   BROWN CACHOLOTE.  Open, low woodland.  Lowlands of e,se Bolivia, w Paraguay, Uruguay, extreme se Brazil and w,n Argentina.

 Nores and Nores (1994. Wilson Bull. 106:106-120) describe the nest building and behavior of this species.  Pairs build many elaborate stick nests throughout the year and use each of them during the breeding period or for a short time when not breeding.  Nest building takes 15-35 days, both sexes share all nesting activities.  Copulation occurs inside the nest which is otherwise unknown among birds.  Clutch 2-4, mean = 2.6 eggs.  Incubation 18-20 days, nestling period 18-23 days.  Juveniles remain in parental territory 4-13 months, contribute minimally to nest building and territorial defense.

Pseudoseisura gutturalis   WHITE-THROATED CACHOLOTE.  Arid, stony, brushy country.  W,c Argentina.
Pseudocolaptes lawrencii   BUFFY TUFTEDCHEEK.  Humid forest, edge.  Mts., 800-2500 m, of c,s Costa Rica and w Panama; w Colombia and w Ecuador.  Has been treated as a race of P. boissonneautii, but they are not sympatric.  The S. American race, johnsoni, was treated as a species by Ridgely and Tudor 1994. Birds of S. America, 2:144.
Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii   STREAKED TUFTEDCHEEK.  Humid forest.  Mts., 1450-3300 m, from Colombia and w,n Venezuela s through Andes of Ecuador and Peru to c Bolivia.

Berlepschia rikeri   POINT-TAILED PALMCREEPER.  Mauritia palms.  Locally in lowlands to 300 m, e of Andes, of s Venezuela, Guyana, Amazonian,n Brazil, extreme se Peru and n Bolivia.
Ancistrops strigilatus   CHESTNUT-WINGED HOOKBILL.  Forest.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, of se Colombia, e Ecuador, e Peru, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.  The genera from Ancistrops through Anabazenops have been lumped into Philydor, but in view of the distinctness of the groups within this complex, retention of several genera seems preferable.
Cichlocolaptes leucophrus   PALE-BROWED TREEHUNTER.  Forest.  Coastal se Brazil.

Hyloctistes subulatus   STRIPED WOODHAUNTER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m of e Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and from w,nc,e Colombia and s Venezuela s, w of Andes, to w Ecuador and, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.  Based primarily on differing vocalizations, more than one species may be involved -- subulatus on the east side of the Andes and virgatus, including assimilis, on the west side.  Ridgely and Tudor 1994. Birds of S. Amer., 2:155.
Syndactyla guttulata   GUTTULATED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Dense, humid forest.  Mts., 900-2100 m, of n Venezuela.
Syndactyla subalaris   LINEATED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest, edge.  Mts., 600-2800 m, from Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and w Venezuela s through Andes of Ecuador to e Peru.

Syndactyla rufosuperciliata   BUFF-BROWED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Dense brush, bamboo, swamps.  Andes, 1100-2800 m, of Peru, Bolivia and w Argentina and e across lowlands of Paraguay and ne Argentina to Uruguay and se Brazil.
Syndactyla ruficollis   RUFOUS-NECKED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest undergrowth.  Andes, 1700-2900 m, of sw Ecuador and n Peru.  Formerly placed in Automolus, but relationships with S. rufosuperciliata have been suggested and are supported by recent studies.
Anabacerthia variegaticeps   SCALY-BREASTED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest.  Mts., 800-2750 m, from Mexico in Guerrero, w Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas s through Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Costa Rica to w Panama; Pacific slope of Andes, 700-2100 m, of w Colombia and w Ecuador.  Has been treated as a race of A. striaticollis, but there is sympatry and partial altitudinal overlap in w Andes of Colombia.  A. v. temporalis has been treated as a separate species.

Anabacerthia striaticollis   MONTANE FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest.  Mts., 950-2600 m, from Colombia and n Venezuela s through Andes of e Ecuador and e Peru to wc Bolivia.
Philydor ruficaudatus   RUFOUS-TAILED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1300 m, e of Andes, of e Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian, n Brazil.
Philydor pyrrhodes   CINNAMON-RUMPED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest undergrowth, esp. near palms.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, from se Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Philydor dimidiatus   RUSSET-MANTLED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Forest.  C Brazil and ne Paraguay; sc Brazil.  The race baeri has been treated as a species and mirandae has been placed in Syndactyla as a species.  Ref. Pinto and Camargo 1955. Pap. Avulsos, Zool., São Paulo 8:225.

Philydor fuscipennis   SLATY-WINGED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Forest.  Lowlands of w,c Panama; lowlands to 1200 m of e Panama, nw,nc,c Colombia and w Ecuador.  Often considered conspecific with P. erythrocercus, but relationships may be with P. pyrrhodes.
Philydor erythrocercus   RUFOUS-RUMPED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1100 m, e of Andes, from se Colombia and s Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Philydor ochrogaster   OCHRE-BELLIED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest.  Andes, 1100-1700 m, of c,se Peru and wc Colombia.  Usually considered conspecific with P. erythrocercus because of similar vocalizations, but there are no specimens that can be considered intergrades despite extensive latitudinal parapatry.

Philydor erythropterus   CHESTNUT-WINGED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m, e of Andes, from se Colombia and s Venezuela s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Philydor amaurotis   WHITE-BROWED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Forest.  Lowlands of se Brazil and ne Argentina.  Often placed in Anabacerthia, but closest relatives appear to be in Philydor, particularly P. lichtensteini.
Philydor lichtensteini   OCHRE-BREASTED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Forest undergrowth.  E,se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.

Philydor rufus   BUFF-FRONTED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest, edge.  Locally in lowlands and mts. to 2300 m of c,s Costa Rica, w Panama, w,e Colombia, w Ecuador and n,s Venezuela; from e Peru and n,e,se Bolivia e to c,e,s Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Philydor atricapillus   BLACK-CAPPED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Forest.  Lowlands of e,se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Philydor novaesi   ALAGOAS FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Forest. lowlands of ne Brazil.  Females from Alagoas suggest the specific distinctness of novaesi.
Simoxenops ucayalae   PERUVIAN RECURVEBILL.  Riverine forest undergrowth, primarily bamboo thickets.  E of Andes of ce,se Peru and n Bolivia.  Megaxenops ferrugineus is a synonym of S. ucayalae.

Simoxenops striatus   BOLIVIAN RECURVEBILL.  Forest.  Andean foothills, 650-1000 m, of wc,c Bolivia.
Anabazenops fuscus   WHITE-COLLARED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Forest.  Se Brazil.
Thripadectes ignobilis   UNIFORM TREEHUNTER.  Humid forest undergrowth.  Pacific slope, 200-2500 m, of w Colombia and w Ecuador.
Thripadectes rufobrunneus   STREAK-BREASTED TREEHUNTER.  Humid forest undergrowth, thickets.  Mts., 750-3000 m of Costa Rica and w Panama.
Thripadectes virgaticeps    STREAK-CAPPED TREEHUNTER.  Humid forest undergrowth.  Mts., 1200-2500 m, of Colombia, nc,w Venezuela and w,ne Ecuador.

Thripadectes melanorhynchus   BLACK-BILLED TREEHUNTER.  Humid forest undergrowth.  Andes, 900-1700 m, from e Colombia s through e Ecuador and e Peru.
Thripadectes holostictus   STRIPED TREEHUNTER.  Humid forest undergrowth.  Locally in Andes, 800-3100 m, from Colombia and sw Venezuela s through e Ecuador and Peru to wc Bolivia.
Thripadectes flammulatus   FLAMMULATED TREEHUNTER.  Humid forest undergrowth. Locally in mts., 800-3250 m, of Colombia, w Venezuela, w Ecuador and nw Peru.
Thripadectes scrutator   BUFF-THROATED TREEHUNTER.  Humid forest undergrowth.  Locally in Andes, 2100-3600 m, of Peru and c Bolivia.  Possibly a race of T. flammulatus.

Automolus ochrolaemus   BUFF-THROATED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest undergrowth, thickets, dense second-growth woodland, bamboo, often near streams.  Lowlands to 1200 m from Mexico in s Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco and Chiapas s along Caribbean slope to Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama and from Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s, w of Andes, to nw Ecuador and, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and c,e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Automolus dorsalis   CRESTED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest undergrowth.  Lowlands to 1000 m, e of Andes, of se Colombia, e Ecuador, e Peru and n Bolivia.
Automolus infuscatus   OLIVE-BACKED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest undergrowth.  Lowlands to 1100 m, e of Andes, of e Colombia, s Venezuela, Guianas, e Ecuador, e Peru and Amazonian Brazil.

Automolus leucophthalmus   WHITE-EYED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Bamboo thickets.  Ne,ce,se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.  Closely related to A. infuscatus.
Automolus roraimae   WHITE-THROATED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest undergrowth.  Pantepui, 1300-2500 m, of se Venezuela and adj. n Brazil.  A. albigularis, based on Philydor albigularis, is invalid under the rules of the Int. Commission of Zool. Nomenclature.  Philydor hylobius, considered to be a race of P. atricapillus, has been shown to be a juvenile Automolus roraimae (Dickerman, et al. 1986. Auk 103:431).

Automolus melanopezus   BROWN-RUMPED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Riverine forest, primarily bamboo thickets.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, of se Colombia, e Ecuador, ne,se Peru, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.
Automolus rubiginosus   RUDDY FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest undergrowth, second growth.  Locally in lowlands to 1800 m, mostly in foothills and mts., from Mexico in Guerrero, Hidalgo, s San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas s through Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras to nc Nicaragua; sw Costa Rica, w,e Panama and from w,n,se Colombia, s Venezuela, adj. n Brazil, s Guyana and French Guiana s through sw,e Ecuador and n,se Peru to cw Bolivia.  The nigricauda subspecies group (including saturatus) is sometimes treated as a species.  Birds from nw S. America (obscura) are vocally distinct and may be a separate species.

Automolus rufipileatus   CHESTNUT-CROWNED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Riverine forest undergrowth, bamboo.  Lowlands to 750 m, e of Andes, from e Colombia, sw,s Venezuela, s Guyana and c Surinam s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Hylocryptus rectirostris   CHESTNUT-CAPPED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Forest, campos.  Sc Brazil and Paraguay.
Hylocryptus erythrocephalus   HENNA-HOODED FOLIAGE-GLEANER.  Humid forest.  Pacific lowlands of w Ecuador and nw Peru.
Sclerurus mexicanus   TAWNY-THROATED LEAFTOSSER.  Humid forest undergrowth.  Locally in lowlands and mts. to 2000 m from Mexico in Hidalgo, e Puebla, Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas s through Guatemala, Honduras and Costa Rica to Panama, from Colombia, nw,s Venezuela, Guyana and French Guiana s through Andes of w,e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and s Amazonian, se Brazil.

Sclerurus rufigularis   SHORT-BILLED LEAFTOSSER.  Humid forest undergrowth, second growth.  Lowlands to 1800 m, e of Andes, from e Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through Amazonian Brazil and ne Peru to n Bolivia.
Sclerurus albigularis   GREY-THROATED LEAFTOSSER.  Humid forest undergrowth.  Foothills and mts., 450-2200 m, from Costa Rica, w Panama, n,e Colombia, w,n Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago s along Andes through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia.
Sclerurus caudacutus   BLACK-TAILED LEAFTOSSER.  Humid forest undergrowth.  Lowlands to 1100 m, e of Andes, from se Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian,e Brazil.
Sclerurus scansor   RUFOUS-BREASTED LEAFTOSSER.  Forest undergrowth.  C,e Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.

Sclerurus guatemalensis   SCALY-THROATED LEAFTOSSER.  Humid forest floor, undergrowth, second growth.  Lowlands to 1300 m from Mexico in Veracruz, Tabasco, Oaxaca, Chiapas and Quintana Roo s on Caribbean slope to Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama and w,nc Colombia and w Ecuador.
Heliobletus contaminatus   SHARP-BILLED TREEHUNTER.  Forest.  Se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Xenops milleri   RUFOUS-TAILED XENOPS.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, from e Colombia, s Venezuela, Surinam and French Guiana s through e Ecuador to ne,se Peru, n Bolivia and s Amazonian Brazil.
Xenops tenuirostris   SLENDER-BILLED XENOPS.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m, e of Andes, from se Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and s Amazonian Brazil.

Xenops minutus   PLAIN XENOPS.  Humid forest, edge, woodland.  Lowlands to 2200 m from Mexico in Veracruz, n Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas, Campeche and Quintana Roo s along Caribbean slope to Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama and from Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s, w of Andes, to w Ecuador and, e of Andes, through e Ecuador, e Peru and Brazil to n,e Bolivia, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Xenops rutilans   STREAKED XENOPS.  Humid forest, edge.  Locally in mts., 800-2800 m, from c,s Costa Rica, w,e Panama, w,n Colombia, w,n Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s through w Ecuador, nw,e Peru, Bolivia and Brazil to e Paraguay and nw,ne Argentina.
Megaxenops parnaguae   GREAT XENOPS. Forest, dense woodland, caatinga.  Lowlands to 1100 m of interior ne and ec Brazil in Piauí, Ceará and w Pernambuco, s locally through w Bahia to w Minas Gerais.

 Whitney and Pacheco (1994. Condor 96:559-565) describe habitat, distribution, behavior and vocalizations.  They discuss relationships and suggest that Megaxenops may have "branched off of Philydor" -- but that a molecular-based phylogeny of the Furnariidae will be required for confirmation.

Pygarrhichas albogularis   WHITE-THROATED TREERUNNER.  Open forest.  Andes from s Chile and sw Argentina s to Tierra del Fuego.
 

Subfamily DENDROCOLAPTINAE
Drymornis bridgesii   SCIMITAR-BILLED WOODCREEPER.  Open woodland, chaco.  Se Bolivia, Paraguay, w Uruguay and n Argentina.
Nasica longirostris   LONG-BILLED WOODCREEPER.  Forest, usually near water.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, from e Colombia, s Venezuela and French Guiana s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Dendrocincla tyrannina   TYRANNINE WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest.  Locally in Andes, 600-3000 m, of Colombia, w Venezuela, w,ne Ecuador and e Peru.  Includes D. macrorhyncha of ne Ecuador which probably represents aberrant individuals of D. tyrannina.
Dendrocincla fuliginosa   PLAIN-BROWN WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, second-growth woodland, mangroves.  Lowlands to 1800 m on Caribbean slope of se Honduras, e Nicaragua and Costa Rica, incl. locally Pacific drainage in nw, both slopes of Panama and from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago s, w of Andes, to w Ecuador and, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru to w Amazonian Brazil; e Venezuela, Guianas and c Amazonian Brazil; n,e Bolivia and extreme sw Brazil.  The meruloides subspecies group is sometimes treated as a separate species.  The race atrirostris was once treated as a species.

Dendrocincla turdina   THRUSH-LIKE WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, second-growth woodland.  Lowlands of e,se Brazil, Paraguay and ne Argentina.  Often considered conspecific with D. fuliginosa but status as a species follows Willis 1983. Ciencia e Cultura 25:203-204.
Dendrocincla anabatina   TAWNY-WINGED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, thickets, mangroves.  Lowlands to 1500 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from Mexico in Veracruz, n Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas and Yucatán Pen. s to Nicaragua; Pacific slope of sw Costa Rica and w Panama.
Dendrocincla merula   WHITE-CHINNED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, from s Venezuela and Guianas s through w Amazonian Brazil and e Peru to n,e Bolivia.  The castanoptera subspecies group differs vocally and perhaps in iris color from the merula subspecies group and may be a separate species.

Dendrocincla homochroa   RUDDY WOODCREEPER.  Forest, edge, second-growth woodland, dense scrub.  Locally in lowlands to 1800 m from Mexico in Oaxaca, Chiapas and Yucatán Pen., incl. Cozumel and Mujeres is., s on both slopes to Panama, nw,ne Colombia and w Venezuela.
Deconychura longicauda   LONG-TAILED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest.  Locally in lowlands to 1300 m of se Honduras, c,sw Costa Rica, Panama and from nw,nc,se Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.  The race typica is sometimes treated as a separate species and, although there is extensive geographic variation in vocalizations, not all races are known.
Deconychura stictolaema   SPOT-THROATED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest near streams.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, of se Colombia and e Ecuador; s Venezuela, French Guiana, nw,ce Peru and w Amazonian Brazil.

Sittasomus griseicapillus   OLIVACEOUS WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, edge, open woodland.  Lowlands and foothills to 2300 m from Mexico in Jalisco, San Luis Potosí and sw Tamaulipas s to Panama and from n,c,se Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s, w of Andes, to nw Peru and, e of Andes, through e Ecuador, e Peru, Bolivia and Brazil to Paraguay and nw,ne Argentina.  Extensive geographic variation in songs suggests that more than one species may be involved: sylviellus, aequatorialis, reiseri and griseicapillus, at least, are distinct.
Glyphorynchus spirurus   WEDGE-BILLED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, edge, second-growth woodland.  Lowlands to 2100 m from Mexico in Veracruz, n Oaxaca and Chiapas s on Caribbean slope to Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama and from Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s, w of Andes, to w Ecuador and, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian, e Brazil.  More than one species may be included in this taxon.

Dendrexetastes rufigula   CINNAMON-THROATED WOODCREEPER.  Forest.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, from se Colombia s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil; Guianas and Amazonian n Brazil.
Hylexetastes stresemanni   BAR-BELLIED WOODCREEPER.  Forest.  Lowlands, e of Andes, of e Peru, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.
Hylexetastes perrotii   RED-BILLED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 300 m, e of Andes, of se Venezuela, Guianas and n Amazonian Brazil; Amazonian Brazil and extreme ne Bolivia.  The race uniformis was treated as a species by Ridgely and Tudor 1994. Birds of S. Amer. 2:187; however, vocalizations of all Hylexetastes species are similar.

Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus   STRONG-BILLED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, pine-oak woodland.  Mts., 500-3000 m, from Mexico in Guerrero, San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Veracruz, n Oaxaca and Chiapas s to nc Nicaragua; locally in c Costa Rica and w Panama; from Colombia, Venezuela and s Guyana s, w of Andes, to nw Peru in Piura and, e of Andes, through e Ecuador, e Peru and c Bolivia; Amazonian lowlands to 1800 m, e of Andes, in se Venezuela, e Ecuador, e Peru, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.  The orenocoensis subspecies group is sometimes treated as a separate species, but does not seem to differ vocally.
Xiphocolaptes albicollis   WHITE-THROATED WOODCREEPER.  Forest.  E Brazil from Goiás and se Bahia s to Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay and ne Argentina in Misiones and Corrientes.  The race X. f. villanovae was treated as a race of albicollis by Sibley and Monroe 1990 and Ridgely and Tudor 1994, but is here placed in X. falcirostris.

Xiphocolaptes falcirostris   MOUSTACHED WOODCREEPER.  Forest.

 X. f. villanovae  E Brazil in ne Bahia.  Formerly considered a race of X. albicollis, see above.
 X. f. falcirostris  Ne Brazil in Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará and w,n Bahia.
 X. f. franciscanus  E Brazil in cn Minas Gerais.  This taxon formerly was treated as a separate species, but appears to be a race of X. falcirostris (Teixera 1990. Bol. Mus. Nac. Zool., n.s. 337).  Vocalizations of all forms are similar.

Xiphocolaptes major   GREAT RUFOUS WOODCREEPER.  Forest edge, open woodland.  Lowlands of Bolivia, sw Brazil, Paraguay and n Argentina.
Dendrocolaptes certhia   BARRED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, edge, second-growth woodland.

 D. c. sanctihomae  Lowlands to 1400 m from Veracruz, n Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas and Yucatán Pen. s, mostly on Caribbean slope, to Panama, w,n Colombia, w Venezuela and nw Ecuador.  Probably a separate species from certhia.  See note below.
 D. c. certhia  From se Colombia, s,se Venezuela and Guianas s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and n, Amazonian, e Brazil, s to s Amazonas and nw Mato Grosso, and e to Maranhão, Pernambuco and Alagoas.  Includes D. c. concolor, which occurs in Amazonian Brazil s of the Amazon River from R. Madeira and nw Mato Grosso e to R. Tocantins.
 D. c. concolor has been treated as a species, but it does not appear to differ greatly and its vocalizations are identical to those of certhia
.  However, the east and west trans-Andean sanctithomae subspecies group populations differ in vocalizations and may be separate species.

Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi   HOFFMANNS'S WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest.  W Amazonian Brazil.  May be a race of D. picumnus, but ranges appear to overlap in Amazonia.
Dendrocolaptes picumnus   BLACK-BANDED WOODCREEPER.  Humid, forest, edge, pine-oak woodland.  Mts., 900-2800 m, of Mexico in Chiapas, Guatemala, Honduras, c,e Costa Rica and w Panama and from.  Colombia, Venezuala and Guianas s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil; c Amazonian Brazil; e,se Bolivia, sw Brazil, Paraguay and nw Argentina.  The subspecies transfasciatus and pallescens are sometimes treated as separate species.
Dendrocolaptes platyrostris   PLANALTO WOODCREEPER.  Forest, woodland, campos, caatinga.  E,c Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.

Xiphorhynchus picus   STRAIGHT-BILLED WOODCREEPER.  Forest edge, river island forest, open woodland, savanna, mangroves, swamps, scrub, towns.  Lowlands to 1400 m from Panama, n,c,e Colombia, Venezuela, incl. Margarita I., Trinidad and Guianas s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian, n Brazil.  Sometimes placed in Dendroplex.  The picirostris subspecies group is sometimes treated as a species.
Xiphorhynchus necopinus   ZIMMER'S WOODCREEPER.  Forest.  Lowlands of Amazonian Brazil.  May be a variant of X. picus.  Sometimes placed in Dendroplex.
Xiphorhynchus obsoletus   STRIPED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, swamps, mainly near water.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, from e Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.

Xiphorhynchus ocellatus   OCELLATED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1800 m, e of Andes, from se Colombia and s Venezuela s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.  The chunchotambo subspecies group is sometimes treated as a separate species.
Xiphorhynchus spixii   SPIX'S WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands and mts. to 2400 m, mostly below 1500 m, e of Andes, in sc,se Colombia and e of Andes in e Colombia n to Caquetá, Meta and Vaupes; nw, Amazonian Brazil; e Peru in the Ucayali V. and Marañón V. and e Peru s of the Amazon, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.  The subspecies insignis and juruanus are sometimes treated as species.
Xiphorhynchus elegans   ELEGANT WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, of se Colombia, e Ecuador, ne Peru and extreme w Brazil; e Peru, extreme ne Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.  Treated as a race of X. spixii by Ridgely and Tudor (1994. Birds of S. Amer., 2:200-201), with apparent sympatry not confirmed by recent work.

Xiphorhynchus pardalotus   CHESTNUT-RUMPED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, savanna.  Lowlands to 1800 m, e of Andes, of s Venezuela, Buianas and Amazonian Brazil.
Xiphorhynchus guttatus   BUFF-THROATED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest edge, second growth, mangroves.  Lowlands to 1200 m on Caribbean slope of e Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama and from n,c,e Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian, e Brazil; lowlands to 1900 m of ne Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago.  The subspecies polystictus is sometimes treated as a species; the eytoni subspecies group is sometimes treated as a species, but appears to intergrade with adjacent races of guttatus.  Vocally all forms are similar.

Xiphorhynchus susurrans  COCOA WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest.  N Colombia s in Magdalena Valley to Tolima and e of Andes in nw Arauca; n Venezuela s along e base of the Andes to s Táchira and w Apure; Margarita Is.; Trinidad and Tobago.  Has been considered conspecific with X. guttatus, but X. susurrans is markedly smaller than X. guttatus.  Ridgely and Tudor 1994. Birds of S. Amer., 2:203.
Xiphorhynchus flavigaster   IVORY-BILLED WOODCREEPER.  Forest edge, open woodland, mangroves, scrub.  Lowlands to 1200 m from s Sonora, Sinaloa, w Durango, e San Luis Potosí and s Tamaulipas s along both slopes to Honduras and Pacific slope of Nicaragua and nw Costa Rica.

 The unique type specimen of X. striatigularis from Alta Mira, s Tamaulipas, is an aberrant individual of X. flavigaster.

Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus   BLACK-STRIPED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, edge, mangroves.  Lowlands to 1500 m of e Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, w,nc Colombia and nw Ecuador.
Xiphorhynchus erythropygius   SPOTTED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, edge, second growth.  Highlands to 1800 m from Mexico in Guerrero, Oaxaca, se San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Veracruz and Chiapas s to nc Nicaragua; lowlands to 2100 m of se Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, w,c Colombia and nw Ecuador.  Sometimes considered conspecific with X. triangularis, but differs vocally.  The aequatorialis subspecies group (
punctigula to aequatorialis) is sometimes treated as a species.
Xiphorhynchus triangularis   OLIVE-BACKED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest.  Mts., 1000-2700 m from Colombia and w,n Venezuela s along e slope of Andes of e Ecuador and e Peru to c Bolivia.

Lepidocolaptes leucogaster   WHITE-STRIPED WOODCREEPER.  Pine-oak woodland, open forest, second-growth woodland, scrub.  Lowlands and mts. of Mexico from se Sonora, s Chichuahua, Durango, Zacatecas and w San Luis Potosí to Oaxaca, Puebla and w Veracruz.
Lepidocolaptes souleyetii   STREAK-HEADED WOODCREEPER.  Forest edge, open woodland, towns, scrub, savanna.  Lowlands to 2000 m from Mexico in Guerrero, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Tabasco, s Campeche and s Yucatán s to Panama, Colombia, w Ecuador, nw Peru, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guianas and extreme nw Brazil.
Lepidocolaptes angustirostris   NARROW-BILLED WOODCREEPER.  Woodland, savanna, arid scrub.  N,e,se Bolivia, Paraguay, c,e Brazil and n Argentina.

Lepidocolaptes affinis   SPOT-CROWNED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, edge, open woodland, second growth.  Mts., 750-2950 m from Guerrero, México, Hidalgo, e San Luis Potosí and sw Tamaulipas s, exc. Belize, to w Panama.  See L. lacrymiger.
Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger  MONTANE WOODCREEPER.  Montane forest, secondary woodland, edge.  Mts., 1100-3000 m, from Colombia and w,n Venezuela s through Andes of w,e Ecuador and e Peru to c Bolivia.  Has been considered conspecific with L. affinis, but vocally distinct and allopatric.  See Ridgely and Tudor 1994. Birds of S. America, 2:206.
Lepidocolaptes squamatus   SCALED WOODCREEPER.  Forest.  E,se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.

Lepidocolaptes fuscus   LESSER WOODCREEPER.  Forest.  E,se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Lepidocolaptes albolineatus   LINEATED WOODCREEPER.  Humid forest, open woodland, scrub.  Lowlands, e of Andes, from s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.  The fuscicapillus subspecies group sometimes is treated as a species.
Campylorhamphus pucherani   GREATER SCYTHEBILL.  Forest.  Locally in Andes, 900-2900 m, of sw,sc Colombia, w,e Ecuador and se Peru.
Campylorhamphus trochilirostris   RED-BILLED SCYTHEBILL.  Humid forest, riverine forest, deciduous woodland.  Lowlands to 2000 m from c,e Panama, locally in Colombia and Venezuela s, w of Andes, to nw Peru and, e of Andes, through e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and Amazonian,e,sc Brazil to Paraguay and n Argentina.

Campylorhamphus falcularius   BLACK-BILLED SCYTHEBILL.  Forest.  Se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.  Sometimes considered conspecific with C. trochilirostris.
Campylorhamphus pusillus   BROWN-BILLED SCYTHEBILL.  Humid forest.  Locally in mts., 300-2200 m, of Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, w Venezuela, Guyana, w Ecuador and n Peru.
Campylorhamphus procurvoides   CURVE-BILLED SCYTHEBILL.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, of e Colombia, s Venezuela, Guianas, n Peru and Amazonian Brazil.

Superfamily FORMICARIOIDEA
Family FORMICARIIDAE
Formicarius colma   RUFOUS-CAPPED ANTTHRUSH.  Humid forest floor.  Lowlands to 1100 m, e of Andes, from e Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian,e,se Brazil.  The ruficeps subspecies group is sometimes treated as a separate species.
Formicarius analis   BLACK-FACED ANTTHRUSH.  Humid forest floor, second-growth woodland.  Lowlands to 1500 m from Mexico in s Veracruz, n Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas and Yucatán Pen. s along Caribbean slope to n Honduras; lowlands to 1700 m on Caribbean slope of se Honduras and Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama and w,n,se Colombia, n Venezuela and Trinidad; e of Andes, from se Colombia, extreme s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.

 The moniliger subspecies group, including pallidus, abruptly contacts the hoffmanni subspecies group in Honduras, where they may be altitudinally isolated and vocally distinct; a similar vocal transition between the hoffmanni and analis groups occurs in n Colombia.

Formicarius rufifrons   RUFOUS-FRONTED ANTTHRUSH.  Humid forest floor.  Known only from se Peru in s Madre de Dios.
Formicarius nigricapillus   BLACK-HEADED ANTTHRUSH.  Humid forest floor, scrub.  Lowlands to 1800 m of Costa Rica, w Panama, w Colombia and w Ecuador.
Formicarius rufipectus   RUFOUS-BREASTED ANTTHRUSH.  Humid forest floor, dense second growth.  Mts., 1100-3100 m, of Costa Rica, w,e Panama, w,c Colombia, nw Venezuela, w,e Ecuador and e Peru.
Chamaeza campanisona   SHORT-TAILED ANTTHRUSH.  Bamboo thickets, forest floor and undergrowth.  Foothills and mts., 400-2700 m, from e Colombia, Venezuela and Guyana s through e Ecuador and nc,e Peru to c Bolivia; e Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.  Birds of the tepuis of s Venezuela are morphologically distinct and may be a separate species; their vocalizations are unknown.  (Willis 1992. Condor 94:110-116).

Chamaeza nobilis   STRIATED ANTTHRUSH or NOBLE ANTTHRUSH.  Humid forest floor.  Lowlands to 500 m, e of Andes, of se Colombia, e Ecuador, e Peru, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.
Chamaeza turdina   SCHWARTZ'S ANTTHRUSH or SCALLOPED ANTTHRUSH.  Humid forest floor.  Mts., 1500-2600 m, of Colombia and n Venezuela.  Status as a species follows Willis 1992. Condor 94:110-116.
Chamaeza meruloides   SUCH'S ANTTHRUSH or CRYPTIC ANTTHRUSH.  Humid forest floor.  Mts., 1000-1500 m, of se Brazil in Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro.

Chamaeza ruficauda   RUFOUS-TAILED ANTTHRUSH.  Humid forest floor.  Mts., 1200-2000 m, of se Brazil from Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo s to Rio Grande do Sul.
Chamaeza mollissima   BARRED ANTTHRUSH.  Humid forest floor.  Locally in Andes, 1350-3350 m, of Colombia, e Ecuador, Peru and wc Bolivia.
Pittasoma michleri   BLACK-CROWNED ANTPITTA.  Humid forest floor.  Lowlands to 1000 m of c,e Costa Rica, Panama and nw Colombia.
Pittasoma rufopileatum   RUFOUS-CROWNED ANTPITTA.  Humid forest.  Pacific lowlands to 1100 m of w Colombia and nw Ecuador.