Parvorder Cerylida
          Superfamily Halcyonoidea  (= Dacelonoidea)
            Family Halcyonidae (=Dacelonidae)
          Superfamily Ceryloidea
            Family Cerylidae
      Infraorder Meropides
            Family Nyctyornithidae
       Family Meropidae

Order CORACIIFORMES
Family CORACIIDAE

Coracias garrulus  EUROPEAN ROLLER.  Open areas with scattered trees, pastures, farmlands, open woodland, orchards, towns.  From sw,e Europe n to Iberian Pen, se France, Italy, Germany and s Finland, e across c,s Russia to Kirghiz steppes and Turkestan, sw Siberia and w China, and s to nw Africa from Morocco to Tunisia, n Mediterranean region, Turkey, Near and Middle East to  Afghanistan, w,n Pakistan and n India in Kashmir.
Coracias abyssinica  ABYSSINIAN ROLLER.  Savanna, open woodland, farmlands, towns.  From sw Mauritania, Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone e through w Africa to Cameroon, C. African Rep., s Egypt, Sudan, ne Zaire, n Uganda, Ethiopia, n Kenya, s Somalia and sw Arabia.
Coracias caudata  LILAC-BREASTED ROLLER.  Savanna, woodland, farmlands, towns.  In Ethiopia, Somalia and e Kenya; from n Angola, se,ce Zaire, s,e Uganda and w,c,se Kenya s to ne Namibia and n S. Africa.

Coracias spatulata  RACKET-TAILED ROLLER.  Open woodland, savanna.  In sw,ce Angola and sc,se Zaire s through Zambia, s Tanzania, Malawi and Zimbabwe to ne Namibia, w,n Botswana, w,s Mozambique and extreme ne S. Africa and n,e Mozambique.
Coracias naevia  RUFOUS-CROWNED ROLLER.  Open country, woodland, towns, farmlands.  From sw Mauritania and Senegambia e through s Mali, Burkina Faso, s Niger, s Chad and s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia and s to sc Namibia and n S. Africa.  Recorded in all subSaharan African countries except Sierra Leone, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Rwanda, Burundi.
Coracias benghalensis  INDIAN ROLLER.  Open country, woodland, farmlands, towns.
Lowlands and mts. to 3700 m from e Arabia, s Iraq, s Iran, Pakistan and n,c India; lowlands to 1000 m of pen. India; lowlands to 1500 m from e India, Burma and sw,sc China s through Thailand and Indochina to c Malaya; ranges to Laccadive and Maldive islands.

Coracias temminckii  PURPLE-WINGED ROLLER.  Open country, woodland, farmlands.  Lowlands to 1000 m of Sulawesi.
Coracias cyanogaster  BLUE-BELLIED ROLLER.  Woodland, especially Isoberlinia.  Locally
in sw Mali, Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, s Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon and C. African Rep. to extreme s Sudan.
Eurystomus glaucurus  BROAD-BILLED ROLLER.  Savanna, woodland, forest edge.  From s Mali, Senegambia Burkina Faso and Guinea e across s Niger, s Chad and s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea and s Somalia, and s (except forested w,c) to ne Namibia, n Botswana, Zimbabwe and e S. Africa.  Lowlands to 1200 m of Madagascar, Comoro Is. and Mascarene Is.  Recorded in all subSaharan African countries except Mauritania and Djibouti.

Eurystomus gularis  BLUE-THROATED ROLLER.  Forest.  In s Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Gulf of Guinea Is., s Cameroon, C. African Rep., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, n,ne Zaire and Uganda, and s to n Angola and sc,ec Zaire.
Eurystomus orientalis  DOLLARBIRD.  Forest edge, second growth, woodland and open country with scattered trees.  Lowlands to 1000 m from sw,n,e India, c,e China, se Siberia and Japan s through most of se Asia, Ryukyu Is. and Philippines to Andaman Is., E. Indies, New Guinea and n,e,se Australia from n W. Australia e to Queensland and s to Victoria and extreme se S. Australia.
Eurystomus azureus  PURPLE ROLLER.  Forest edge, second growth, woodland, open country with scattered trees.  Lowlands to 1000 m in Moluccas.  Sometimes included in E. orientalis.

Family BRACHYPTERACIIDAE

Brachypteracias leptosomus  SHORT-LEGGED GROUND-ROLLER.  Undisturbed humid rain forest, underbrush with leaf litter.  Up to 1200 m in ne,e Madagascar.
Brachypteracias squamigera  SCALY GROUND-ROLLER.  Humid forest floor with undergrowth and carpet of dead leaves and branches.  Lowlands to 1000 m of ne,ce Madagascar.
Atelornis pittoides  PITTA-LIKE GROUND-ROLLER.  Humid forest floor with dead leaf litter, fallen branches, sparse herbaceous cover.  Lowlands to 2000 m of nw,e Madagascar.
Atelornis crossleyi  RUFOUS-HEADED GROUND-ROLLER.  Rain forest undergrowth with dead branches and roots.  Up to 1500 m of e Madagascar.

Uratelornis chimaera  LONG-TAILED GROUND-ROLLER.  Subarid thorn brush on sandy soil with dead leaf litter.  Sw Madagascar in a narrow coastal strip ca. 200 km long between the Mangoky River and Fiherenana River, up to 80 m elevation between the sea and mountains to the east.

Family LEPTOSOMIDAE

Leptosomus discolor  CUCKOO ROLLER  (COUROL).  Forest, plantations, parks.
Up to 2000 m over all of Madagascar; also on Grand Comoro, Anjouan, Mohéle, Mayotte and Anjouan islands.

Family MOMOTIDAE

Hylomanes momotula  TODY MOTMOT.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1500 m from Veracruz,
n Oaxaca and Chiapas s along both slopes of C. America to Panama and nw Colombia.

Aspatha gularis  BLUE-THROATED MOTMOT.  Humid forest, pine-oak, brush.  Mts. from e Oaxaca and Chiapas s through Guatemala to El Salvador and Honduras.
Electron platyrhynchum  BROAD-BILLED MOTMOT.  Humid forest, edge, woodland, second growth.  Lowlands to 1500 m from e Honduras s to Panama, w Colombia and w Ecuador; e of Andes from se Colombia s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Electron carinatum  KEEL-BILLED MOTMOT.  Humid forest.  Locally in lowlands to 1000 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from Veracruz and Tabasco s through C. America to ne Costa Rica.
Eumomota superciliosa  TURQUOISE-BROWED MOTMOT.  Open woodland, scrub, fencerows.  Lowlands on Gulf-Caribbean slope from s Veracruz and Tabasco to Yucatán Pen.; Pacific lowlands from Chiapas s to c Costa Rica; int. and Caribbean valleys of Guatemala and Honduras.

Baryphthengus martii  RUFOUS MOTMOT.  Humid forest, edge, second growth, woodland, usually near water.  Lowlands to 1500 m on Caribbean slope of ne Honduras, Nicaragua and
Costa Rica, on both slopes of Panama, and from w,nc Colombia s, w of Andes to w Ecuador,
and e of Andes from se Colombia s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Baryphthengus ruficapillus  RUFOUS-CAPPED MOTMOT.  Humid forest, edge, second growth.  Lowlands in e Paraguay, ne Argentina and e Brazil.  Sometimes treated as a subspecies of B. martii.
Momotus mexicanus  RUSSET-CROWNED MOTMOT.  Open woodland, second growth, semi-arid scrub.  Lowlands to 1800 m from s Sonora, sw Chihuahua, Durango and Zacatecas s to Morelos, w Puebla, Oaxaca, Chiapas and interior Guatemala.

Momotus momota  BLUE-CROWNED MOTMOT.  Open woodland, humid forest edge, second growth, scrub.  More than one species may be included under M. momota.  The high altitude Andean populations are especially distinct.

M. m. coeruliceps.  Lowlands in Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Puebla and n Veracruz.  M. m. lessonii.  From s Veracruz on Gulf-Caribbean slope and Chiapas on Pacific s through s,se Mexico and C. America to w. Panama.
M. m. subrufescens.  In e Panama, n Colombia and n Venezuela.
M. m. momota.  Lowlands to 1300 m w of Andes in w Ecuador and nw Peru; e of Andes from
e Colombia, s Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago and Guianas s through e Ecuador, e Peru, Bolivia and Brazil to Paraguay and nw Argentina in Salta and Jujuy.
M. m. aequatorialis.  Andes, 1500-3100 m in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

Family TODIDAE

Todus multicolor  CUBAN TODY.  Forest, open woodland, especially near streams.  Cuba and Isle of Pines.
Todus angustirostris  NARROW-BILLED TODY.  Dense undergrowth, forest edge, shrubbery.  Mts., and locally in lowlands, of Hispaniola.
Todus mexicanus  PUERTO RICAN TODY.  Forest undergrowth, open woodland, scrub.  Puerto Rico.
Todus todus  JAMAICAN TODY.  Open woodland, second growth, scrubby undergrowth.
Hills and mts. of Jamaica.
Todus subulatus  BROAD-BILLED TODY.  Open woodland, second growth and arid scrub.  Hispaniola, including Gonâve Island.

Parvorder ALCEDINIDA
Family ALCEDINIDAE

Alcedo hercules  BLYTH'S KINGFISHER.  Forested streams.  Lowlands and foothills to 1200 m in ne India, w,ne,s Burma, s China, n Laos and n Vietnam.
Alcedo atthis  COMMON KINGFISHER.  Streams, rivers, marshes, lakes, mangroves, tidal estuaries, seacoasts, forest.  From British Isles, s Sweden and s Finland e across c,s Russia and s Siberia, Kuril Is., Japan and Ryukyu Is., and s to nw Africa, Mediterranean region to Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar is., Malaya, Hainan and Taiwan; Indonesia and New Guinea region from Sulawesi and Bali e through Lesser Sundas, Moluccas, w Papuan is. and New Guinea to Admiralty Is., Bismarck Arch. and Solomon Is.
Alcedo semitorquata  HALF-COLLARED KINGFISHER.  Lakes, marshes, swamps, mangroves.  In s Sudan, w,c Ethiopia, Eritrea, se Kenya; from s Angola, ne Namibia, Zambia, se Zaire, ne Botswana and nw,e,s Tanzania s through Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe to e,s S. Africa in Transvaal, e Orange Free State, Natal, s,sw Cape Prov.

Alcedo quadribrachys  SHINING-BLUE KINGFISHER.  Lakes, marshes, swamps, mangroves.  Sw Mali, Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Cameroon, s C. African Rep., Gabon, Congo, n,ne Zaire, extreme s Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, n Angola, extreme w Zambia and sc,se,ce Zaire.
Alcedo meninting  BLUE-EARED KINGFISHER.  Streams in forest and woodland.  Lowlands to 1500 m from sw,ne,e India, Burma and sw China s through nw Laos, Thailand and s Vietnam to Sri Lanka, Andaman Is., Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, s Sulawesi and sw Philippines.
Alcedo azurea  AZURE KINGFISHER.  Forested streams, mangroves.  Lowlands to 1500 m in
n Moluccas, Romang, Tanimbar, Aru and w Papuan is., New Guinea, and in n,e,se Australia from ne W. Australia e to Queensland and s to Victoria and s S. Australia.

Alcedo websteri  BISMARCK KINGFISHER.  Forested streams.  Islands of Umboi, New Hanover, New Britain, New Ireland and Lihir Is. in the Bismarck Archipelago.
Alcedo euryzona  BLUE-BANDED KINGFISHER.  Forested streams.  Lowlands and foothills
to 1500 m in e Burma, Malay Pen., Sumatra, Borneo and Java.
Alcedo cyanopecta  INDIGO-BANDED KINGFISHER.  Forest streams.  Philippine islands of Luzon, Polillo is., Catanduanes, Marinduque, Mindoro, Sibuyan, Masbate, Panay, Negros, Cebu and Ticao.
Alcedo argentata  SILVERY KINGFISHER.  Forested streams.  Se,s Philippines on Samar, Leyte, Dinagat, Siargao, Mindanao and Basilan.  Sometimes placed in Ceyx.

Alcedo cristata MALACHITE KINGFISHER.  Streams, lakes, ponds, marshes.  Senegambia, s Mauritania, e through s Mali, s Niger, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Islands, s Chad and s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea and s Somalia, and s to s S. Africa.  Recorded in all subSaharan African countries except Djibouti and Equatorial Guinea.  Sometimes placed in Corythornis.
Alcedo vintsioides  MALAGASY KINGFISHER.  Streams, lakes, ponds, mangroves, seashore.  Up to 1800 m on Madagascar and Comoro Islands.
Sometimes treated as a subspecies of A. cristata
Alcedo thomensis  SAO TOME KINGFISHER.  Streams, lakes, ponds, marshes.  São Tomé I., Gulf of Guinea off West Africa.  Sometimes treated as a subspecies of A. cristata and so recommended by D. A. Turner (pers. comm.) on the basis of identical habits, habitat and plumage; also by Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993) -- but is there interchange and interbreeding with the mainland cristata?.

Alcedo nais  PRINCIPE KINGFISHER.  Drier habitats than thomensis, also streams, lakes, ponds, marshes.  Príncipe Island, Gulf of Guinea.  Sometimes treated as a subspecies of A. cristata or of A. leucogaster.  D. A. Turner (pers. comm.) favors treatment as a race of cristata, as do Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993).  See A. thomensis.
Alcedo leucogaster  WHITE-BELLIED KINGFISHER.  Forested streams, mangroves.  In Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Bioko I., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire and Uganda, and s to Zambia, nw Angola and sw,cs,ce Zaire.  Sometimes placed in Corythornis.

Alcedo coerulescens  SMALL BLUE KINGFISHER or CERULEAN KINGFISHER.  Mangroves, swamps.  Coasts on s Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa.
Alcedo pusilla  LITTLE KINGFISHER.  Forested streams, mangroves.  Lowlands to 500 m in n Moluccas, Aru and w Papuan is., New Guinea, Bismarck Arch. (Umboi, New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover, Tabar Is.), Solomon Is., is. in Torres Strait, and coasts and is. of n,ne Australia in N. Terr., and n,e Queensland on Cape York Pen. s to Normanton and Townsville.
Ceyx lepidus  VARIABLE KINGFISHER.  Humid forest, dense woodland, usually near streams.  Lowlands to 1200 m in c,s Philippines, Sula Is., Moluccas, Aru Is., w Papuan is., New Guinea, Admiralty Is., Bismarck Arch. and Solomon Is. (except Rennell I.).

Ceyx erithacus  BLACK-BACKED KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m from sw,ne India, Burma and sw China s through Thailand, ne Laos, s Vietnam and Malaya to Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar is., Sumatra, Borneo, Java and w,sw Philippines on Calamian Is., Palawan, Balabac, Camiguin Sur, Mindoro and Sulu Arch.  See C. rufidorsa.
Ceyx rufidorsa  RUFOUS-BACKED KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1500 m in Malay Pen., Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Borneo and wc,sw Philippines on Calamian Is., Palawan, Balabac, Sulu Arch.
It is unclear whether C. erithacus and C. rufidorsa are subspecies of a single species (erithacus), distinct but occasionally hybridizing species, or color morphs of erithacus.

Ceyx melanurus  PHILIPPINE KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Philippine Is. of Luzon, Polillo Is., Catanduanes, Samar, Leyte, Mindanao, Basilan.
Ceyx fallax  SULAWESI KINGFISHER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m of Sulawesi, including Lembeh and Sangihe islands.
Ispidina madagascariensis  MADAGASCAR PYGMY-KINGFISHER.  Forest, deciduous woodland, brushy savanna.  Lowlands to 1800 m of Madagascar, except the southwest.  Sometimes placed in Ceyx.
Ispidina picta  AFRICAN PYGMY-KINGFISHER.  Grassland, savanna, streams, forest edge, generally not far from water.  In Senegambia, s Mauritania, s Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, s Chad and
s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea and s Somalia, and s to sw,c,e Angola, ne Namibia, n,e Botswana and
e S. Africa.  Recorded in all subSaharan African countries except Djibouti.
Sometimes placed in Ceyx.

Ispidina lecontei  DWARF KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Locally in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep., n,e Zaire, extreme s Sudan and Uganda, and s to nw Angola and sw,sc,ce Zaire.  Sometimes placed in Ceyx.

Parvorder CERYLIDA
Family HALCYONIDAE(= Dacelonidae).

Lacedo pulchella  BANDED KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m in s,e Burma, Thailand, Indochina and Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo and Java.  Incl. nearby smaller islands.
Dacelo novaeguineae  LAUGHING KOOKABURRA.  Open woodland, forest, farmlands, orchards, towns.  Lowlands from ne Queensland s to Victoria, and w to se S. Australia.  Intro. sw Australia, Tasmania, Kangaroo and Flinders is. in Bass Strait.  D. novaeguineae is sometimes incorrectly listed as "D. gigas".
Dacelo leachii  BLUE-WINGED KOOKABURRA.  Woodland, swamps, forested streams.  Lowlands to 400 m in s New Guinea, and in nw,n,ne Australia from W. Australia e to Queensland and s to e New S. Wales.

Dacelo tyro  SPANGLED KOOKABURRA.  Savanna.  Lowlands in Aru Is. and s New Guinea.
Dacelo gaudichaud  RUFOUS-BELLIED KOOKABURRA.  Forest, edge, second growth, savanna.  Lowlands to 1300 m in Aru and w Papuan is. and New Guinea incl. is. in Geelvink Bay.
Clytoceyx rex  SHOVEL-BILLED KOOKABURRA.  Forest.  Lowlands and mts. to 2350 m of New Guinea.
Cittura cyanotis  LILAC-CHEEKED KINGFISHER or MASKED KINGFISHER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m of n,e,se Sulawesi.
Pelargopsis amauropterus  BROWN-WINGED KINGFISHER.  Seacoasts, tidal creeks, mangroves, brackish swamps.  Coastal lowlands in e India, w,s Burma, w pen. Thailand and nw Malaya.

Pelargopsis capensis  STORK-BILLED KINGFISHER.  Forest streams, swamps, paddyfields, mangroves, roadside ditches.  Lowlands to 1200 m from India, Burma, Thailand and Indochina s to Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar is., Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores and Philippines.
Pelargopsis melanorhyncha  BLACK-BILLED KINGFISHER.  Forest streams.  Coastal areas of n,ne,se Sulawesi.
Halcyon coromanda  RUDDY KINGFISHER.  Forested streams, mangroves.  Locally in lowlands to 1800 m from n,e India, sw China, Burma, Manchuria, Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Is. and Taiwan s through ne,c,pen. Thailand, Cambodia, n Laos, s Vietnam and Malaya to Andaman Is., Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi and Philippines.
Halcyon badia  CHOCOLATE-BACKED KINGFISHER.  Humid forest.  In Guinea,  Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Gulf of Guinea Is., s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Cabinda, nw Angola, cw,sc,ce Zaire, sw C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire, extreme s Sudan and w Uganda.

Halcyon smyrnensis  WHITE-THROATED KINGFISHER.  Open country, fields, plains, towns, forest, less frequently lakes, streams and seacoasts.  Lowlands to 1800 m from ne Egypt, Near East, s Turkey, Arabia, Iraq and s Iran e through Afghanistan and Pakistan to India, Burma and s China, and s to Sri Lanka, Andaman Is., Malaya, se Asia, Sumatra and Philippines.
Halcyon pileata  BLACK-CAPPED KINGFISHER.  Open country, seacoasts, tidal rivers, mangroves.  Lowlands to 1200 m in coastal,e India, w,s Burma, n Laos, c,e,s China, Hainan, Taiwan, Korea and Andaman and Nicobar is.
Halcyon cyanoventris  JAVAN KINGFISHER.  Streams, marshes.  Lowlands in Java and Bali.
Halcyon leucocephala  GREY-HEADED KINGFISHER.  Streams, marshes.  From sw Mauritania and Senegambia e through s Mali, s Niger, s Chad and s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia and s Arabia, and s to c Namibia, n Botswana, Zimbabwe, s Mozambique and n S. Africa.  Recorded in all subSaharan African countries except Equatorial Guinea.

Halcyon senegalensis  WOODLAND KINGFISHER.  Woodland, brush, savanna.  From Senegambia e through s Mali, s Mauritania, s Niger, s Chad and s Sudan to w,c Ethiopia, Eritrea, and s to c,s Angola, se Zaire, Zambia and sw Tanzania, Malawi and w Mozambique, Zimbabwe and n Namibia, n,e Botswana and e S. Africa.  Recorded in all subSaharan African countries except Djibouti and Somalia.
Halcyon senegaloides  MANGROVE KINGFISHER.  Mangroves, open woodland.  Coastally
in Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and e S. Africa.  Including islands of Manda, Pemba, Zanzibar and Mafia.
Halcyon malimbica  BLUE-BREASTED KINGFISHER.  Forest, riverine woodland.  In Senegambia, sw Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Niger, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Is., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep., s Sudan, Uganda, Burundi, nw Tanzania and s to nw Angola, nw Zambia and cs,ce Zaire.

Halcyon albiventris  BROWN-HOODED KINGFISHER.  Open woodland, savanna.  In Congo, wc,s,se Zaire, s Somalia, c,e,se Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, s Angola, ne Namibia, n,e Botswana and e,s S. Africa.
Halcyon chelicuti  STRIPED KINGFISHER.  Acacia woodland, dry scrub, open woodland, farmlands.  From sw Mauritania, Senegambia e through s Mali, Burkina Faso, s Niger, s Chad and
s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea and s Somalia, and s to Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia and n,e S. Africa.  Recorded in all subSaharan African countries except Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.
Todirhamphus nigrocyaneus  BLUE-BLACK KINGFISHER.  Forest streams, swamps.  Lowlands to 600 m in w Papuan is. and New Guinea.
Todirhamphus winchelli  RUFOUS-LORED KINGFISHER.  Forest.  C,s Philippines and Sulu Arch.

Todirhamphus diops  BLUE-AND-WHITE KINGFISHER.  Forest, streams, farmlands.  Coasts of n Moluccas from Morotai to Obilatu.
Todirhamphus lazuli  LAZULI KINGFISHER.  Mangroves, swampy woodland.  Coasts of s Moluccas: Seram, Ambon, Haruku.  May be conspecific with T. diops.
Todirhamphus macleayii  FOREST KINGFISHER.  Open woodland, forested streams, swamps, mangroves, forest edge, beaches.  Lowlands to 1500 m in e New Guinea, New Britain, and in n,e Australia from n W. Australia e to Queensland, and s to New S. Wales at the Macleay River.
Todirhamphus albonotatus  NEW BRITAIN KINGFISHER.  Forest. New Britain I. in the Bismarck Arch.

Todirhamphus leucopygius  ULTRAMARINE KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Solomon Is. of Bougainville, Shortland, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Florida and Guadalcanal.
Todirhamphus farquhari  CHESTNUT-BELLIED KINGFISHER.  Forest.  C Vanuatu islands of Espiritu Santo, Malo and Malakula.
Todirhamphus pyrrhopygia  RED-BACKED KINGFISHER.  Scrubby grasslands, spinifex, mulga, mallee, open woodland.  Interior and drier areas of Australia.
Todirhamphus recurvirostris  FLAT-BILLED KINGFISHER.  Mangroves, woodland.  W. Samoan islands of Upolu and Savaii.  Sometimes treated as a subspecies of T. sanctus.

Todirhamphus cinnamominus  MICRONESIAN KINGFISHER.  Mangroves, woodland.
T. c. miyakoensis, known only from the unique type specimen from the sw Ryukyu I. of Miyako-shima, is either an extinct subspecies or a hybrid between T. cinnamominus x T. chloris.
T. c. cinnamominus occurs in Micronesia on Palau, e Caroline Is. on Pohnpei and s Mariana Is.
on Guam.

Todirhamphus funebris  SOMBRE KINGFISHER.  Presumably woodland and mangroves.  Lowlands of n Moluccas on Halmahera, Ternate, and possibly Tidore.
Todirhamphus chloris  COLLARED KINGFISHER.  Mangroves, tidal creeks, coastal woodland, beaches, towns.  Along coast of Rea Sea, w portion of Gulf of Aden, coast of Eritrea and Somalia and se Arabia; coast of sw India; lowlands to 1400 m from e India e to Malaya and Andaman and Nicobar is., c Vietnam and se China, and s through E. Indies, Philippines, New Guinea and is. of sw Pacific to Mariana Is., Palau, e Fiji, Samoa and Tonga and coasts and is. of nw,n,e Australia from W. Australia e to Queensland, and s to extreme ne New S. Wales.

Todirhamphus enigma  TALAUD KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Talaud Is.  This little-known bird may be a subspecies of T. sanctus, T. chloris or T. tuta.
Todirhamphus saurophaga  BEACH KINGFISHER.  Mangroves, coastal coral cliffs, woodland.  Coastal lowlands in n Moluccas, w Papuan is., n New Guinea, Louisiade, D'Entrecasteaux and Bismarck arch. and Solomon Is.
Todirhamphus australasia  CINNAMON-BANDED KINGFISHER or CINNAMON-COLLARED KINGFISHER.  Open forest, woodland, usually near water.  Lowlands in Lesser Sunda Is. of Lombok, Sumba, Timor, Wetak, Roma, Damar, Babar, Leti,
Moa and Tanimbar.
Todirhamphus sanctus  SACRED KINGFISHER.  Open forest and woodland, usually near water, lakes, rivers, mangroves, seacoasts, towns.  In Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Norfolk and Lord Howe is., Solomon, Kermadec and Loyalty is., Fiji, and Futuna Is.

Todirhamphus veneratus  TAHITI KINGFISHER.  Mangroves.  E Society Is. of Tahiti and Moorea.
Todirhamphus ruficollaris  MANGAIA KINGFISHER.  Mangroves.  S Cook Is. on Mangaia I.
Todirhamphus tuta  CHATTERING KINGFISHER.  Mangroves.  In e Cook Is. (Atiu, Mauke) and Society Is. from Maupiti to Tahiti.
Todirhamphus godeffroyi  MARQUESAN KINGFISHER.  Mangroves.  S Marquesas is. of Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Fatu Hiva.
Todirhamphus gambieri  TUAMOTU KINGFISHER.  Mangroves.  Nw Tuamotu island of Niau.
Formerly on Mangareva, but extirpated before 1922.

Caridonax fulgidus  WHITE-RUMPED KINGFISHER.  Mangroves, woodland, forest.  Lowlands to 1300 m of w,c Lesser Sunda Is. of Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores.
Melidora macrorrhina  HOOK-BILLED KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1200 m in w Papuan is. of Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati, Misool; and New Guinea, including Yapen Island.
Actenoides bougainvillei  MOUSTACHED KINGFISHER.  Unknown, presumably mangroves or forest.  Solomon Is. of Bougainville and Guadalcanal.
Actenoides concretus  RUFOUS-COLLARED KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m in Malay Pen., Sumatra and Borneo.
Actenoides lindsayi  SPOTTED KINGFISHER.  Forest.  N,c Philippines on Luzon, Catanduanes, Marinduque and Negros.

Actenoides hombroni  BLUE-CAPPED KINGFISHER.  Forest.  S Philippines on Mindanao.
Actenoides monachus  GREEN-BACKED KINGFISHER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands of Sulawesi.
Actenoides princeps  SCALY KINGFISHER.  Humid forest.  Mts., 900-2000 m, of Sulawesi.
Syma torotoro  YELLOW-BILLED KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1200 m in w Papuan is., New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux Arch. and ne Australia.
Syma megarhyncha  MOUNTAIN KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Mts., 700-2100 m, of New Guinea.

 *Tanysiptera:  The number of species of Tanysiptera and their relationships to one another are unclear; new evidence will be required to clarify their taxonomy.

Tanysiptera hydrocharis  LITTLE PARADISE-KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Lowlands in Aru Is. and s New Guinea.
Tanysiptera galatea  COMMON PARADISE-KINGFISHER.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 300 m in Moluccas, w Papuan is, New Guinea, adjacent islands, and Rossel I. in the Louisiade Arch.
Tanysiptera ellioti  KOFIAU PARADISE-KINGFISHER.  Forest.  W Papuan island of Kofiau.
Tanysiptera riedelii  BIAK PARADISE-KINGFISHER.  Forest streams.  Biak I. in Geelvink Bay, off W New Guinea.
Tanysiptera carolinae  NUMFOR PARADISE-KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Numfor I. in Geelvink Bay, off W New Guinea.

Tanysiptera nympha  RED-BREASTED PARADISE-KINGFISHER.  Second growth, forest, mangrove.  Locally in lowlands to 1450 m of w,ne New Guinea.
Tanysiptera danae  BROWN-HEADED PARADISE-KINGFISHER.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m of se New Guinea.
Tanysiptera sylvia  BUFF-BREASTED PARADISE-KINGFISHER.  Humid forest.  The two subspecies groups may be separate species.

T. s. sylvia.  Lowlands and foothills in se New Guinea from Hall Sound to Port Moresby area and coastal ne Australia in ne Queensland from Cape York s to Townsville.
T. s. nigriceps.  Bismarck Arch. on Umboi, New Britain, Watom, and Duke of York islands.

Family CERYLIDAE

Megaceryle maxima  GIANT KINGFISHER.  Wooded streams, forested rivers.  From Senegambia and s Mauritania e across s Mali, Burkina Faso, s Niger, s Chad, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Is., C. African Rep. and se Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, and Tanzania and s to s S. Africa.  Recorded in all subSaharan African countries except Djibouti and Somalia.
Megaceryle lugubris  CRESTED KINGFISHER.  Forested streams.  Lowlands and foothills to 2100 m from n,e India, Burma and s,e China s to nw Thailand, Laos and n,c Vietnam; Japan.
Megaceryle alcyon  BELTED KINGFISHER.  Lakes, streams, wooded creeks, rivers, seacoasts, mangroves.  From w,c Alaska, c Yukon, British Columbia, w,sc Mackenzie, and n Saskatchewan e across s Canada to ec Labrador and Newfoundland, and s to s Calif., s Arizona, s New Mexico, s Texas, Gulf coast and c Florida.

Megaceryle torquata  RINGED KINGFISHER.  Lakes, rivers, streams, lagoons, coastal regions.  Lowlands to 2600 m from s Sinaloa, Nuevo Leon, s Texas and Tamaulipas s along both slopes of Mexico and C. America to Panama, and from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s to Tierra del Fuego; c Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique).
Ceryle rudis  PIED KINGFISHER.  Streams, lakes, marshes, roadside ditches, reservoirs.  From Senegambia e across s Mali, s Niger, s Chad, s Sudan and the Nile Valley to n Egypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia, and s in all countries (except Djibouti) to s S. Africa.  Lowlands to 1800 m from s Turkey and Near East e through s Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Burma to s,se China, Hainan I., and s to Thailand and Indochina.
Chloroceryle amazona  AMAZON KINGFISHER.  Rivers, lakes, forest streams, savanna ponds.  Lowlands to 2500 m from Nayarit, s San Luis Potosí and s Tamaulipas s along both slopes of Mexico (exc. Yucatán Pen.) and C. America to Panama, and from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, mostly e of Andes, through e Ecuador, e Peru, Brazil and Bolivia to Uruguay and n Argentina.

Chloroceryle americana  GREEN KINGFISHER.  Streams, rivers, lakes, marshes, swamps, mangroves.  Lowlands to 1500 m from s Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, n Coahuila and c Texas s along both slopes to Panama, and from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago and Guianas s, w of Andes to n Chile and e of Andes to c Argentina.
Chloroceryle inda  GREEN-AND-RUFOUS KINGFISHER.  Forest streams, swamps and mangroves.  Lowlands to 1000 m on Caribbean slope of ne Nicaragua and Costa Rica, both slopes of Panama, and from Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s, w of Andes to w Ecuador and e of Andes to e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and c Brazil.
Chloroceryle aenea  AMERICAN PYGMY KINGFISHER.  Forest streams, swamps, mangroves.  Lowlands to 2600 m from Oaxaca, se San Luis Potosí and Veracruz s on both slopes of Mexico and C. America to Panama, and from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, w of Andes to w Ecuador and e of Andes to e Peru, n,e Bolivia, n Paraguay and Amazonian, e Brazil.

Family NYCTYORNITHIDAE

Nyctyornis amictus  RED-BEARDED BEE-EATER.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1700 m in Malay Pen., Sumatra and Borneo.
Nyctyornis athertoni  BLUE-BEARDED BEE-EATER.  Woodland, forest edge, overgrown ravines.  Lowlands to 1700 m in India, Burma, s China, Thailand and Indochina.

Family MEROPIDAE

Meropogon forsteni  PURPLE-BEARDED BEE-EATER.  Humid forest.  Locally to 1500 m in n,ne,c,se Sulawesi.
Merops gularis  BLACK BEE-EATER.  Forest edge, riverine woodland, farmlands.  In Sierra Leone, se Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, s C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire s to nw Angola and sw,sc,ce Zaire.
Merops muelleri  BLUE-HEADED BEE-EATER.  Forest edge, riverine, farmlands.  In se Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Is., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, s C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire, and s to Congo Rep. and cw,sc,
ce Zaire; w Kenya.
Merops bulocki  RED-THROATED BEE-EATER.  Savanna, open woodland, especially near streams.  In Senegambia, s Mauritania, s Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
c Ghana, Togo, Benin, s Nigeria, s Niger, c Cameroon, C. Afr. Rep., s Chad and s Sudan to w Ethiopia, extreme ne Zaire and nw Uganda.  The species name, bulocki, is correct as in the original description, but is often incorrectly emended to "bullocki", which is the correct spelling of the name of the person for whom it was named -- William Bullock.

Merops bullockoides  WHITE-FRONTED BEE-EATER.  Savanna, open woodland, especially near streams.  From w Gabon, sw Congo Rep., sw,sc,ce,ne Zaire, sw Rwanda, Burundi, w,c Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, to ne Namibia, s Angola, Zimbabwe,  n,e Botswana and n,e S. Africa.
Merops pusillus  LITTLE BEE-EATER.  Riparian grassland, forest edge, acacia steppe.
From sw Mauritania, Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau e to Nigeria and e across s Mali, Burkina Faso,
s Niger, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep. and s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia, and s to s Angola, ne Namibia, n,e Botswana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and e S. Africa.
Recorded in all subSaharan African countries except Djibouti and Equatorial Guinea.
Merops variegatus  BLUE-BREASTED BEE-EATER.  Wet grasslands, forest edge, lake shores, swamps, reedbeds.  Highlands in se Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea; from se Nigeria, c Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, s C. African Rep., n Zaire, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, w,c Kenya and Zambia to c Angola.

Merops oreobates  CINNAMON-CHESTED BEE-EATER.  Forest edge, open scrub, grassy areas, farmlands, towns.  Highlands to 2600 m in e Zaire, Uganda, se Sudan and sc Ethiopia s to Rwanda, Burundi, c Tanzania and w,c,se Kenya.
Merops hirundineus  SWALLOW-TAILED BEE-EATER.  Woodland, shrubby grassland, farmlands.  In Senegambia, s Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, C. Afr. Rep., s Chad and s Sudan to w Ethiopia, ne Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia and s Angola (exc. forested w,c) to s S. Africa, except sw Cape Prov., e Orange Free State and s,c Transvaal.
Merops breweri  BLACK-HEADED BEE-EATER.  Forest edge along rivers.  In Ghana, Nigeria, Gabon, Congo, Cabinda, C. African Rep., s Sudan and sw,c,n,ne Zaire.

Merops revoilii  SOMALI BEE-EATER.  Desert, arid scrub.  In c,e Ethiopia, Somalia, n,se Kenya and Tanzania.
Merops albicollis  WHITE-THROATED BEE-EATER. Semi-desert, arid scrub, steppe.  In s Mauritania, s Mali, Senegambia, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia,
Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, s Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, C. Afr. Rep., c Chad, c Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia and sw Arabia s in w Africa to Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Cabinda, cw,n,ne Zaire and in e Africa to Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and n Tanzania.  Highly migratory; breeding known from n Senegambia, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Yemen, Kenya and possibly Uganda.
Merops orientalis  LITTLE GREEN BEE-EATER or GREEN BEE-EATER.  Arid steppe, thorn bush, dense second growth, wooded hillsides, towns, swamps.  In sw Mauritania, Senegambia, s Mali, Burkina Faso, s Niger, Ivory Coast, Benin, n Nigeria, n Cameroon, s Chad, n C.African Rep., and s Sudan and Uganda to nw Ethiopia, Eritrea and n in the Nile Valley through Egypt.  Lowlands to 1500 m from s Israel, Arabia e through se Iran, Pakistan and India to sw China, Burma, Thailand and Indochina.

Merops boehmi  BOEHM'S BEE-EATER.  Humid forest.  Tanzania s through se Zaire, Zambia and Malawi to c Mozambique.
Merops viridis  BLUE-THROATED BEE-EATER.  Open woodland, towns, forest.  Lowlands
to 1800 m from s China s through Thailand and Indochina to Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Java and Philippines.
Merops persicus  BLUE-CHEEKED BEE-EATER.  Open country, arid scrub, semi-desert, steppe, farmlands.  Locally in s Morocco, n Algeria, Tunisia and w Libya; sporadically in subSaharan w Africa in Mauritania, Mali, Senegambia, Nigeria, L. Chad basin; Sudan, Djibouti
and from ne Egypt, Near East and n Arabia e through Middle East, s Russia and s to Pakistan and nw India.  Closely related to superciliosus and sometimes considered conspecific.
Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993) support persicus, superciliosus and philippinus as separate species.

Merops superciliosus  MADAGASCAR BEE-EATER.  Open country, swamps, reedbeds, farmlands.  In S Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, sw Angola and extreme nw Namibia, ne Botswana, n Zimbabwe, se Mozambique and extreme ne S. Africa; Madagascar; Comoro Is.
Merops philippinus  BLUE-TAILED BEE-EATER.  Open woodland, scrub, mangroves, open country, especially near water.  Lowlands to 1500 m from ne Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka e through Nepal, Burma and Thailand to s China and s to Indochina and Malaya; Sulawesi; coastal lowlands of n,s New Guinea from Lake Sentani to Collingwood Bay; from Princess Marianne straits to Fly R.; Bismarck Arch. on Long I. and New Britain; Philippines, locally.
Often considered conspecific with superciliosus or persicus, but probably more closely related to superciliosus.
These allopatric populations are best treated as separate species.

Merops ornatus  RAINBOW BEE-EATER.  Open country, mangroves, woodland, forest, especially near water.  Mainland Australia, except extreme se,sw; locally on Moa I. in the Lesser Sundas and New Guinea in the Sepik-Ramu R. and Port Moresby areas.
Merops apiaster  EUROPEAN BEE-EATER.  Open country, woodland, orchards, desert oases, farmlands.  From n Mediterranean region n to Iberian Pen., s France, Netherlands, Switzerland, Romania and Hungary, incl. most islands, s to nw Africa from Morocco to nw Libya, and e through Turkey, wc,s Russia, se to Aral Sea region and e to Kazakhstan and Turkestan, Near East, Iran, Iraq and ne Arabia to w Pakistan, n India (Kashmir) and extreme sw Siberia (Altai), with sporadic breeding n to n France, Scotland, Germany, Denmark, Poland, c Russia and probably Finland.
A small population breeds occasionally in Namibia and  S. Africa during the southern hemisphere summer and winters in central Africa from 15°S latitude north to the Equator.  European and Asian breeding birds winter in Africa south to Cape Town.

Merops leschenaulti  CHESTNUT-HEADED BEE-EATER.  Open woodland, open country, especially near water.  Lowlands to 1800 m from India and sw China s through se Asia to Andaman Is., Sumatra, Java and Bali.
Merops malimbicus  ROSY BEE-EATER.  Humid forest, edge, especially along larger rivers.  Lowlands in Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, sw Cameroon and sw C. African Rep., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Congo s to Cabinda and sw,c,nw,nc Zaire.
Merops nubicus  NORTHERN CARMINE BEE-EATER.  Open woodland, savanna, arid acacia steppe, grasslands.  Senegambia, Mauritania, s Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Niger, s Chad and s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea and s Somalia, and s to sw Cameroon, C. African Rep., ne Zaire, Uganda, Kenya and ne Tanzania.

Merops nubicoides  SOUTHERN CARMINE BEE-EATER.  Open woodland, savanna, arid acacia steppe, grasslands.  N Angola, sw,sc,ce Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya and w,s Tanzania
s to Zambia, Malawi, ne Namibia, n,e Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and e S. Africa.
Often treated as a subspecies of M. nubicus.
 

Sibley's Sequence - 10