.
Order STRIGIFORMES
Subfamily
Chordeilinae: Nighthawks
Subfamily Caprimulginae: Nightjars, Whip-poor-wills
Order STRIGIFORMES:
Suborders AEGOTHELI and CAPRIMULGI:
Suborder AEGOTHELI: Owlet-Nightjars.
Family AEGOTHELIDAE:
Aegotheles crinifrons LONG-WHISKERED OWLET-NIGHTJAR. Forest.
N. Moluccas on Halmahera and Bacan.
Aegotheles insignis FELINE OWLET-NIGHTJAR. Forest edge,
open woodland. Mts., 1200-2700 m, of New Guinea from Arfak Mts. to
se ranges, incl. lowlands in the upper Fly River region.
Aegotheles cristatus AUSTRALIAN OWLET-NIGHTJAR. Forest,
riparian woodland, scrub, mallee. Lowlands to 1000 m in cs,se New
Guinea and Australia, incl. Tasmania.
Aegotheles savesi NEW CALEDONIAN OWLET-NIGHTJAR.
Presumably forest.
Known only from type taken near Noumea, s New Caledonia. Extinct
?
Aegotheles bennettii BARRED OWLET-NIGHTJAR. Forest.
Lowlands to 850 m in Aru Is., New Guinea and D'Entrecasteaux Arch. on Goodenough
and Fergusson islands.
Aegotheles wallacii WALLACE'S OWLET-NIGHTJAR. Forest.
Lowlands to 1500 m in Aru Is. and w,s New Guinea, absent from Huon Peninsula
and se New Guinea.
Aegotheles archboldi ARCHBOLD'S OWLET-NIGHTJAR. Forest.
Mts., 2100-3500 m, of c New Guinea in the Weyland, Snow and Victor Emanuel
mts. Originally described as a race of A. albertisi, but apparently
sympatric with albertisi at Wissel Lakes in the Weyland Mts.
Aegotheles albertisi MOUNTAIN OWLET-NIGHTJAR. Forest. Mts., 1000-3700 m, of New Guinea.
Suborder CAPRIMULGI:
Infraorder PODARGIDES:
Family PODARGIDAE:
Podargus strigoides TAWNY FROGMOUTH. Forest, open woodland,
towns. Australia, incl. coastal islands and Tasmania.
Podargus papuensis PAPUAN FROGMOUTH. Woodland, riparian
jungle, mangroves. Lowlands to 2100 m in Aru and w Papuan is.(Waigeo,
Salawati, Batanta, Misool, New Guinea (incl. islands in Geelvink Bay) and
ne Australia from n,e Queensland s to Staaten River and Townsville.
Podargus ocellatus MARBLED FROGMOUTH. Humid forest.
Lowlands to 1500 m in Aru and w Papuan is. (Waigeo, Salawati, Misool),
New Guinea (incl. Yapen and Meos Num is.), Trobriand Is., D'Entrecasteaux
Arch. (Goodenough and Fergusson is.), Louisiade Arch.(Tagula I.), Solomon
Is.(Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel); ne Australia from extreme n
Queensland on Cape York Peninsula s to Lockhart River area, s to extreme
se coastal Queensland and ne New S. Wales s to Grafton.
Family BATRACHOSTOMIDAE:
Batrachostomus auritus LARGE FROGMOUTH. Forest. Lowlands
of peninsular Thailand and Malaya; Sumatra and Borneo, incl. Natuna Is.
Batrachostomus harterti DULIT FROGMOUTH. Forest, secondary
jungle. Mts. of c Borneo.
Batrachostomus septimus PHILIPPINE FROGMOUTH. Forest.
Philippine islands of n,c Luzon, Catanduanes, Samar, Leyte, Panay, Negros,
Bohol, Mindanao, Basilan.
Batrachostomus stellatus GOULD'S FROGMOUTH. Forest.
Lowlands of peninsular Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra incl. Riau and Lingga
arch., and Borneo, incl. Natuna Besar I.
Batrachostomus moniliger CEYLON FROGMOUTH. Dense humid
forest, secondary jungle, canebrakes. Lowlands to 1800 m of sw India
in the western Ghats in w Mysore and Kerala; Sri Lanka.
Batrachostomus hodgsoni HODGSON'S FROGMOUTH. Humid forest.
Highlands, 300-1800 m, from ne India, sw China, w,ne,e Burma, nw Thailand,
nw,s Laos and c Vietnam.
Batrachostomus poliolophus SHORT-TAILED FROGMOUTH. Forest.
Mts., 600-1400 m, of Sumatra.
Batrachostomus mixtus BORNEAN FROGMOUTH. Forest.
Highlands of n,c Borneo. Often included in poliolophus.
Batrachostomus affinis BLYTH'S FROGMOUTH. Forest.
Lowlands to 1600 m in Thailand (exc. c), s Burma in s Tenasserim, s Thailand
and c Vietnam (=continentalis); s peninsular Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra,
Borneo and cw Philippine islands of Palawan and the Calamian Is. (=affinis).
Batrachostomus javensis JAVAN FROGMOUTH. Second growth.
Lowlands of w,c Java. Has been included in B. affinis, and this may
be correct.
Batrachostomus cornutus SUNDA FROGMOUTH. Riparian second
growth, bushes. Lowlands in Sumatra incl. Bangka and Belitung; Borneo,
incl. Banggi. Formerly treated as a race of B. javensis, but the
differ in vocalizations.
Infraorder CAPRIMULGIDES:
Family STEATORNITHIDAE:
Steatornis caripensis OILBIRD. Forest, woods, scrub.
Locally in lowlands and mts. to 3000 m in e Panama, and from Colombia,
w,n,se Venezuela and Trinidad s through the Andes of Ecuador and Peru to
wc Bolivia.
Family NYCTIBIIDAE:
Nyctibius grandis GREAT POTOO. Humid forest, edge, woodland.
Locally in lowlands in e Guatemala, e Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
Panama, and from n,e Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s, e of Andes, through
e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian,e,se Brazil.
Nyctibius aethereus LONG-TAILED POTOO. Humid forest.
Locally in lowlands to 500 m from Colombia, se Venezuela and Guyana s through
e Ecuador and e Peru to w Amazonian Brazil n of Rio Solimões and
e to Pará (=longicaudatus); e Brazil from e Pará and Bahia
s to Paraná and Paraguay (=aethereus). The two subspecies
have been found together in e Brazil (e Pará), but it is unknown
whether they breed sympatrically.
Nyctibius jamaicensis COMMON POTOO. Forest, woodland.
Lowlands from s Sinaloa, s San Luis Potosí and s Tamaulipas s on
Pacific slope to nw Costa Rica and on Gulf-Caribbean slope to Honduras;
Jamaica and Hispaniola, incl. Gonâve I.
Nyctibius griseus GREY POTOO. Forest, open woodland, cerrado.
Lowlands to 1900 m in e Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and from Colombia,
Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago and Guianas s, w of Andes to w Ecuador and
e of Andes through e Ecuador to e,se Peru, Brazil, n,e,se Bolivia, n Argentina
and n Uruguay.
Nyctibius maculosus ANDEAN POTOO. Humid forest. Locally
in mts., 1800-2800 m, in e Colombia, w Venezuela, e Ecuador, e Peru and
n Bolivia.
Nyctibius leucopterus WHITE-WINGED POTOO. Humid forest.
Foothills ca. 900 m of c coastal Brazil in Bahia.
Nyctibius bracteatus RUFOUS POTOO. Forest. Locally
e of Andes in Guyana, e Colombia, e Ecuador and e Peru.
Family EUROSTOPODIDAE:
Eurostopodus argus SPOTTED EARED-NIGHTJAR. Dry woodland,
mallee, mulga, scrub. Australia except e,se coastal areas from c
Queensland s to se S. Australia. This species was formerly listed
as E. guttatus, a name that is a synonym of E. mystacalis.
Eurostopodus mystacalis WHITE-THROATED EARED-NIGHTJAR.
Forest. Coastal e Australia from Cape York Peninsula s through e
New S. Wales to e Victoria; Solomon Is. of Bougainville, Shortland Is.,
Rendova, Kulambangra and Santa Isabel. The Solomon Islands race,
nigripennis, is reported to differ vocally and may be a separate species.
Eurostopodus diabolicus SATANIC EARED-NIGHTJAR. Presumably
forest. Known only from a single specimen from the Kalabat volcano
in n Sulawesi.
Eurostopodus papuensis PAPUAN EARED-NIGHTJAR. Open forest
undergrowth. Lowlands to 400 m on the w Papuan island of Salawati
and on New Guinea.
Eurostopodus archboldi MOUNTAIN EARED-NIGHTJAR. Forest.
Mts., 2200-3250 m, of c,se New Guinea from the Snow Mts. to the se ranges.
Eurostopodus temminckii MALAYSIAN EARED-NIGHTJAR. Forest
edge, open country, riparian woodland. Lowlands to 1000 m in Malaya;
Sumatra incl. Nias, Bangka, Belitung; Borneo.
Eurostopodus macrotis GREAT EARED-NIGHTJAR. Forest, second
growth, scrub. Locally in lowlands to 1000 m in s,e India, s China,
Burma, Indochina (exc. n Vietnam), Malaya (exc. s), Simeulue off w Sumatra,
Sulawesi and the Philippine is. of Luzon, Mindoro, Catanduanes, Marinduque,
Samar, Leyte, Bohol, Dinagat, Siargao, Mindanao and Basilan.
FamilyCAPRIMULGIDAE:
Lencioni-neto, F. (1994. Alauda 62(4)) described a "new species" of
nighthawk, Chordeiles viellardi, from the state of Bahia, Brazil.
It inhabits the São Francisco river basin and occurs in caatinga
habitat.
Subfamily CHORDEILINAE:
Lurocalis semitorquatus SHORT-TAILED NIGHTHAWK. Forest,
edge. The two subspecies may be separate species.
L. s. semitorquatus. Lowlands in e Chiapas, e Guatemala, n Honduras,
ne Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama (incl. I. Cébaco), n,ne Colombia,
nw,c,s Venezuela, Trinidad, Guianas and extreme nw Brazil.
L. s. nattereri. Lowlands e of Andes in e Ecuador, e Peru,
n,e Bolivia, Amazonian,e,s Brazil and n Argentina in e Formosa and Misiones.
Lurocalis rufiventris RUFOUS-BELLIED NIGHTHAWK. Forest,
edge. Mts. from Colombia and w Venezuela s through Andes of Ecuador
and Peru to c Bolivia. Formerly included in L. semitorquatus, but differences
in vocalizations, morphology and ecology indicate that rufiventris is a
separate species.
Chordeiles pusillus LEAST NIGHTHAWK. Savanna, forest edge.
Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes in ce Colombia, s Venezuela, Guyana and n,e,se
Brazil and n,e Bolivia.
Chordeiles rupestris SAND-COLORED NIGHTHAWK. Forest, river
bars, marshes, thickets, second growth. Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes
from e Colombia and s Venezuela s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia
and w Amazonian Brazil.
Chordeiles acutipennis LESSER NIGHTHAWK. Open country,
desert, scrub, savanna, farmlands, mangroves, humid woodland. Locally
in lowlands to 1200 m from c int. Calif., s Nevada, extreme sw Utah, c
Arizona, c New Mexico and c,se Texas s to s Baja Calif. and both slopes
(incl. Yucatán Peninsula and Cosumel I.) to Belize and Guatemala;
locally Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and from Colombia, Venezuela
(incl. Margarita I.), Trinidad, Tobago and Guianas (absent from most of
Amazonia) s to s Peru, n Bolivia, Paraguay and s Brazil.
Chordeiles minor COMMON NIGHTHAWK. Open country, savanna,
grasslands, farmlands, towns. From s Yukon, s Mackenzie, and from
n Saskatchewan e across c Canada to s Labrador and Newfoundland, and s
to s Calif., s Arizona, ne Sonora, Chihuahua, Texas, Tamaulipas, Gulf coast
and s Florida, locally to s Mexico (incl. Yucatán Peninsula); pine
savanna of Belize, e Honduras and n Nicaragua; Costa Rica, Panama.
Chordeiles gundlachii ANTILLEAN NIGHTHAWK. Open country.
Florida Keys in the Key West area; n,w W. Indies in Bahamas, Greater Antilles
e to Virgin Is., including Gonâve and Tortue islands, and Cayman
Is.
Nyctiprogne leucopyga BAND-TAILED NIGHTHAWK. Forest, savanna,
usually near water. Lowlands to 500 m in extreme e Colombia, s,ne
Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Amazonian Brazil and n,e Bolivia.
Podager nacunda NACUNDA NIGHTHAWK. Savanna, grassland, forest edge, seashores. Lowlands to 1000 m e of Andes from n,c,e Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago and Guianas s through e Peru, nw,e,se Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay to c Argentina.
Subfamily CAPRIMULGINAE: Poorwills, Pauraque, Whip-poor-wills, Nightjars.
Nyctidromus albicollis PAURAQUE. Open woodland, forest edge,
second growth, scrub, riparian woodland. Lowlands and mts. to 2300
m from s Sonora, s Texas, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas s along both
slopes to Panama, and from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s,
w of Andes to nw Peru and e of Andes through e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia
and Brazil to Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Phalaenoptilus nuttallii COMMON POORWILL. Dry brushy hills,
chaparral, open desert, scrub, prairie, open woodland. From s int.
British Columbia, Montana, se Alberta, sw Saskatchewan, sw N. Dakota, sw
S. Dakota, sw Iowa and e Kansas s to s Baja Calif., Jalisco, Durango, Guanajuato,
San Luis Potosí, Coahuila, c Texas and nw Oklahoma.
*Siphonorhis americanus JAMAICAN POORWILL. Extinct, last
observed in 1859. Formerly Jamaica.
Siphonorhis brewsteri LEAST POORWILL. Semi-arid lowlands,
scrubby woodland. Hispaniola including Gonâve Island.
Often considered to be a race of americanus.
Nyctiphrynus mcleodii EARED POORWILL. Open dry pine-oak
woodland. Highlands, 600-2000 m, in e Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Jalisco,
Colima, Guerrero and Oaxaca.
Nyctiphrynus yucatanicus YUCATAN POORWILL. Open arid woodland,
scrub. Lowlands in Yucatán Peninsula, n Guatemala and Belize.
Nyctiphrynus ocellatus OCELLATED POORWILL. Humid forest.
Locally in lowlands to 1300 m in Nicaragua and nw Costa Rica; Colombia
in Putumayo and e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia, Amazonian,c,e,se Brazil,
Paraguay and n Argentina.
Nyctiphrynus rosenbergi. CHOCO POORWILL. Primary forest
and old second-growth forest. Up to 900 m in the chocó of
w Colombia and nw Ecuador. Formerly treated as a race of N. ocellatus,
but vocally dissimilar; probably not even a close relative (Robbins and
Ridgley, 1992. Condor 94:984-987).
Caprimulgus carolinensis CHUCK-WILL'S-WIDOW. Deciduous
forest, pine-oak woodland. From e Kansas, s Iowa, c Illinois, c Indiana,
extreme s Ontario, c,e Ohio, c W. Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, s New
York and s Massachusetts s to sc,se Texas, Gulf coast and s Florida incl.
Florida Keys.
Caprimulgus rufus RUFOUS NIGHTJAR. Open woodland, second
growth, forest edge, savanna thickets. Lowlands to 1000 m in se Costa
Rica, Panama (incl. I. Coiba); w,n Venezuela, Trinidad; St. Lucia in the
sc Lesser Antilles; lowlands to 1800 m e of Andes from ne,se Colombia,
s Venezuela and Guianas s through Brazil to e,se Bolivia, Paraguay and
n Argentina. Includes saltarius, minimus and otiosus, but the
situation is complex and the nature of the reported overlap of otiosus
and minimus in Venezuela is unclear; several species may be involved.
Caprimulgus cubanensis GREATER ANTILLEAN NIGHTJAR. Open
woodland, swamp edge. Cuba, incl. Isle of Pines; Hispaniola.
Cuban and Hispaniolan populations are reported to differ vocally and may
be separate species.
Caprimulgus salvini TAWNY-COLLARED NIGHTJAR. Open woodland,
forest edge. Lowlands from Nuevo León and s Tamaulipas s through
e San Luis Potosí and Veracruz to n Oaxaca and Chiapas.
Caprimulgus badius YUCATAN NIGHTJAR. Open woodland, forest
edge. Lowlands in Yucatán Peninsula, Cozumel I., Caribbean
lowlands of Guatemala and Belize incl. Half Moon Cay. Formerly treated
as a subspecies of C. salvini, but they are vocally distinct.
Caprimulgus sericocaudatus SILKY-TAILED NIGHTJAR. Forest
edge, second growth. Locally e of Andes in e Peru, n Bolivia, Brazil,
e Paraguay (?) and extreme ne Argentina. Vocalizations of this poorly-known
species may vary geographically, but the significance of the variation
is unclear.
Caprimulgus ridgwayi BUFF-COLLARED NIGHTJAR. Open woodland,
second growth, deciduous forest, stony scrubby slopes. Se Arizona
and probably sw New Mexico; from s Sonora, Sinaloa and Durango s along
Pacific slope; s portions of C. Plateau to Morelos, Oaxaca, c Veracruz
and Chiapas; int. in Guatemala, Honduras and c Nicaragua.
Caprimulgus vociferus WHIP-POOR-WILL. Forest, open woodland,
pine-oak association. From s Calif., s Nevada, c Arizona, c New Mexico
and extreme w Texas s through highlands to Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras
(=arizonae); from nc Saskatchewan and s Manitoba e across s Canada to New
Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and s to ne Oklahoma, extreme ne Texas, Arkansas,
n portions of Gulf states, nw S. Carolina, ec N. Carolina and e Virginia
(=vociferus). Eastern and western subspecies groups differ vocally
and may be separate species, which are not known to be in contact during
breeding.
Caprimulgus noctitherus PUERTO RICAN NIGHTJAR. Heavy dry
woodland. Sw Puerto Rico.
Caprimulgus saturatus DUSKY NIGHTJAR. Open humid forest,
edge, woodland. Mts. above 1500 m in Costa Rica and w Panama (w Chiriquí).
Caprimulgus longirostris BAND-WINGED NIGHTJAR. Humid forest
edge, open woodland, arid brush, campos, towns. Mts., 1000-3600 m,
from Colombia (rarely to sea level) and w,n,s Venezuela s through Andes
of Ecuador to Peru; arid coastal littoral of Peru and n Chile; c,e Bolivia,
se Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile (s to Valdivia) and Argentina s to
Chubut and Santa Cruz. Vocalizations may vary geographically, but
their significance is unclear.
Caprimulgus cayennensis WHITE-TAILED NIGHTJAR. Open country,
grassy hillsides, savanna. C Lesser Antilles on Martinique; lowlands
and mts. to 3200 m in Costa Rica, Panama, wc,n Colombia, n Ecuador, Venezuela
(incl. from Netherlands Antilles e to Trinidad and Tobago), Guianas and
extreme n Brazil.
Caprimulgus candicans WHITE-WINGED NIGHTJAR. Chaco woodland,
savanna. Bolivia, e Paraguay and sw Brazil. May be conspecific
with cayennensis.
Caprimulgus maculicaudus SPOT-TAILED NIGHTJAR. Woodland
edge, savanna, second growth, marshes. Locally in lowlands to 500
m in s Veracruz, n Oaxaca, Tabasco and n Chiapas; pine savanna of e Honduras
and ne Nicaragua; from n,e Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s, e of Andes,
through Brazil to se Peru and n,e Bolivia.
Caprimulgus parvulus LITTLE NIGHTJAR. Sparse woodland, adjacent
clearings. Lowlands to 1000 m in ne Colombia and n Venezuela; e of
Andes in e Peru, n,e,se Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and n Argentina.
The race hetrurus of the Santa Marta Mts. in ne Colombia is reported to
differ slightly in vocalizations and is sometimes treated as a separate
species.
Caprimulgus anthonyi SCRUB NIGHTJAR. Arid scrub, brushy
mesquite woodland, second growth. Pacific lowlands from nw Ecuador
to nw Peru s at least to Las Pampas in Lambayeque;
an isolated population occurs in the Marañón Valley of
Peru. Formerly treated as a subspecies
of C. parvulus, but it is vocally distinct (Robbins, et al. 1994. Condor
96:224-228).
Caprimulgus maculosus CAYENNE NIGHTJAR. Dry open country.
French Guiana. Known only from the type specimen.
Caprimulgus nigrescens BLACKISH NIGHTJAR. Woodland rock
outcrops, rocky river banks, sandy savanna. Lowlands to 1100 m e
of Andes from se Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador,
e Peru and Amazonian Brazil to n Bolivia.
Caprimulgus whitelyi RORAIMAN NIGHTJAR. Forest. Pantepui,
1300-1800 m, of se Venezuela in se Bolívar on cerros Ptari-tepui,
Jaua and Roraima.
Caprimulgus hirundinaceus PYGMY NIGHTJAR. Woodland.
E Brazil from s Piauí and Ceará s to c Bahia.
Caprimulgus binotatus BROWN NIGHTJAR. Humid forest.
Liberia, s Ghana, s Cameroon, sw C. African Rep., Gabon and nc Zaire.
Caprimulgus ruficollis RED-NECKED NIGHTJAR. Arid open country,
dry oak scrub, semi-desert. Lowlands in Portugal and Spain (Iberian
Peninsula), and nw Africa from Morocco to Tunisia. Ranges to e Atlantic
Is. and w Mediterranean region. Vagrant records w Africa in Mauritania,
Mali, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria.
Caprimulgus indicus GREY NIGHTJAR. Open woodland, pine
forest, open scrub, farmlands. Lowlands and mts. to 3300 m from n
Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, se Tibet, c,e China, ne Mongolia, se Siberia,
Korea and Japan; s to w,ne,e Burma, nw,c,peninsular Thailand and Hong Kong;
Palau.
Caprimulgus europaeus EURASIAN NIGHTJAR. Open country.
From British Isles and s Scandinavia e across nw,c Russia to sw Siberia,
nw Mongolia and nw,nc China, and s to nw Africa, n Mediterranean region,
Turkey, Near and Middle East, Pakistan and n India (probably Kashmir).
Winters in tropical and southern Africa.
Caprimulgus fraenatus SOMBRE NIGHTJAR. Lightly-wooded savanna,
arid scrub. Extreme se Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, nw,sw Somalia, Kenya
and cs,c,ne Tanzania; records for Zaire are open to question. Voice is
a long sustained 'churrr', identical to C. rufigena and C. inornatus.
However, the breeding areas are well separated (D. A. Turner, pers. comm.).
Caprimulgus rufigena RUFOUS-CHEEKED NIGHTJAR. Lightly-wooded
savanna, arid scrub, semi-desert. S Angola, sw Zambia, Namibia, Botswana,
Zimbabwe, Mozambique and S. Africa, exc. e Natal and s Cape Province.
Caprimulgus aegyptius EGYPTIAN NIGHTJAR. Desert, semi-desert.
From Saharan region of n Africa e through Middle East to the Aral Sea and
w Turkestan s to Transcaspia and w Tadzhikistan. Occurs as non-breeding
vagrant in n subSaharan Africa, s to Kenya.
Caprimulgus mahrattensis SYKES'S NIGHTJAR. Farms, dry stony
scrublands. Se Iran, s Afghanistan and Pakistan in Sind, Baluchistan
and Punjab.
Caprimulgus centralasicus VAURIE'S NIGHTJAR. Desert edge,
sandy foothills, plains. Known only from a single 1929 specimen from
extreme w China in sw Sinkiang. Recent reports of specimens have
been identified as C. europaeus (World Birdwatch 15(4):3).
Caprimulgus nubicus NUBIAN NIGHTJAR. Arid scrub, semi-desert.
Lowlands in Israel, sw Arabia, se Egypt, Senegambia, c,e Sudan, Ethiopia,
Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia.
Non-breeding migrant in ne,se Kenya. Call is identical to that of the sedentary C. tristigma, although non-breeding migrants in the territory of tristigma are silent (D. A. Turner, pers. comm.).
Caprimulgus eximius GOLDEN NIGHTJAR. Dry scrub, especially
where there are reddish-yellow gravel patches. In s Mauritania and
n Senegambia e through Mali, s Niger and s Chad to Sudan.
Caprimulgus madagascariensis MADAGASCAR NIGHTJAR. Woodland,
brush. Lowlands to 1800 m of Madagascar and Aldabra Islands.
Caprimulgus macrurus LARGE-TAILED NIGHTJAR. Forest edge,
woodland, open country, towns. Lowlands to 2200 m from ne Pakistan,
n,c India and s China s through se Asia, Andaman Is., Sumatra (incl. Riau
Arch.), Borneo (incl. Banggi I.), Java, Lesser Sunda Is. of Bali, Lombok,
Sumbawa, probably Wetar, Tanahjampea and Salayar is., sw Philippines (Palawan,
Calamian Is.), Moluccas (incl. Seram Laut Is.), Tanimbar and Aru is. to
w Papuan is. (Waigeo, Batanta), New Guinea (incl. most islands e to D'Entrecasteaux
and Louisiade arch.); New Britain. Coastal ne Australia from N. Territory
w to Melville I. and Port Keats, e to n,ce Queensland from Cape York Peninsula
s to Fraser I.
Caprimulgus atripennis JERDON'S NIGHTJAR. Forest edge, woodland,
open country, towns. Lowlands to 2000 m of peninsular India from
s Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh s, incl. Sri Lanka. Formerly included
in C. macrurus, but vocally distinct.
Caprimulgus manillensis PHILIPPINE NIGHTJAR. Forest edge,
woodland, open country, towns. Lowlands to 2000 m of the Philippines
(except Palawan and Calamian Is.). Formerly included in C. macrurus,
but vocally distinct.
Caprimulgus celebensis SULAWESI NIGHTJAR. Forest edge,
woodland, open country. Lowlands of n Sulawesi including Taliabu.
Formerly included in C. manillensis, but differs in morphology and voice.
Caprimulgus donaldsoni DONALDSON-SMITH'S NIGHTJAR. Dry
thornbrush. In extreme se Sudan, s,e Ethiopia, Somalia, ne Zaire,
Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya and ne Tanzania.
Caprimulgus pectoralis FIERY-NECKED NIGHTJAR. Woodland.
C. p. nigriscapularis has been treated as a separate species (e.g.,
Sibley and Monroe 1990:190), but the East African List Committee consider
it to be a race of C. pectoralis (D. A. Turner, pers. comm.). Dowsett
and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993) agree. Most of the evidence for lumping
is from vocalizations.
C. p. pectoralis. Lowlands below 1800 m in Angola, Tanzania,
se Kenya, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, c Namibia, Botswana and
S. Africa exc. arid sw.
C. p. nigriscapularis BLACK-SHOULDERED NIGHTJAR.
Woodland. Lowlands below 1800 m in Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Ivory
Coast, Ghana, s Nigeria, Bioko I. (Fernando Po), sw Cameroon, Congo, sw
C. African Republic, n,ne,ce Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda.
Caprimulgus prigoginei ITOWMBE NIGHTJAR or PRIGOGENE'S NIGHTJAR.
Woodland. Extreme ce Zaire nw of Lake Tanganyika. A species of uncertain
relationships based on a single female specimen from Itombwe, e Zaire.
Caprimulgus poliocephalus MONTANE NIGHTJAR. Grassland,
forest edge.
*
D. A. Turner (pers. comm.) reports that the East African List Committee
consider all East African, Ethiopian and Arabian montane nightjars to be
races of C. poliocephalus.
They have similar whistled songs and the varying amount of white in
the tail is clinal. All forms are allopatric, but the minor vocal
differences are viewed as 'dialects', not worthy of specific status.
The relationship between poliocephalus and pectoralis is unclear.
Fry, et al. (1988. Birds of Africa, vol. 3, p. 157) include nigriscapularis,
poliocephalus, ruwenzorii and pectoralis in the "Caprimulgus pectoralis,
superspecies." Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993) describe the "The
Caprimulgus pectoralis complex" as including nigriscapularis. They
depend to a large extent on vocalizations to define species limits and
lump populations that are widely allopatric as subspecies of a single species.
The present arrangement is an attempt to interpret several opinions
and it seems obvious that the situation is complex and not yet resolved.
*
C. p. poliocephalus. Highlands above 1600 m in extreme se Sudan,
w,c Ethiopia, extreme e Uganda, Kenya and extreme cn Tanzania.
C. p. guttifer. Ne,sc,sw Tanzania n to the Usambara Mts.,
extreme se, sw Zaire, extreme ne Zambia and extreme ne Malawi.
C. p. koesteri. Cw Angola in the Mt. Moco area
C. p. ruwenzorii RUWENZORI NIGHTJAR. Grassland, forest
edge. Highlands above 1850 m in extreme ce,ne Zaire, w Uganda, Burundi
and Rwanda.
Caprimulgus asiaticus INDIAN NIGHTJAR. Scrub, farmlands,
woodland. Lowlands to 1500 m in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma,
Thailand, c,s Laos and c Vietnam.
Caprimulgus natalensis SWAMP NIGHTJAR. Wet meadows, moist
grassland, marshes, palm savanna. Senegambia, cs Mali, Guinea, Sierra
Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Cameroon, C.
Afr. Rep., L. Chad region, se Sudan, Zaire, Uganda, w Kenya, c Tanzania
and s to n,e Angola, extreme ne Namibia (Caprivi), extreme n Botswana,
w,n Zambia, Zimbabwe, extreme s Mozambique and e S. Africa in n Natal.
Caprimulgus inornatus PLAIN NIGHTJAR. Dry thorn scrub.
In extreme sw Mauritania, s Mali, Burkina Faso, s Niger, c,s Chad and Sudan
to Ethiopia, Eritrea, w Somalia and sw Arabia, and s to Kenya.
Caprimulgus stellatus STAR-SPOTTED NIGHTJAR. Dry scrub.
In Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria,
Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Zaire, C. Afr. Rep., extreme se Sudan, c,s Ethiopia,
Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania.
Caprimulgus affinis SAVANNA NIGHTJAR. Open woodland, forest
edge, grassy plains, scrub, towns. Lowlands to 1200 m in n Pakistan,
India, s China, Indochina (exc. Malay Peninsula), Taiwan; Sumatra (incl.
Nias, Bangka, Belitung, and Riau and Lingga arch.), Borneo, Java (incl.
Karimunjawa Is.), cn,s Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Is. from Bali and Sumba e
to Alor and Timor, possibly Kisar; Philippines on Luzon, Catanduanes, Mindoro,
Sibuyan, Negros, Cebu and Mindanao. Incl. monticolus which does not
differ vocally from typical affinis.
Caprimulgus tristigma FRECKLED NIGHTJAR. Riparian woodland,
rocky hillsides, city roofs. In s Mali, Burkina Faso, se Sudan, w,c
Ethiopia, locally s through e,s Zaire, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, w,s Tanzania,
Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, w Mozambique and Botswana to Namibia and S. Africa
exc. Lesotho and s Cape Province.
Caprimulgus concretus BONAPARTE'S NIGHTJAR. Forest.
Lowlands in Sumatra (incl. Belitung) and Borneo.
Caprimulgus pulchellus SALVADORI'S NIGHTJAR. Forest.
Lowlands to 1300 m in Sumatra and Java.
Caprimulgus enarratus COLLARED NIGHTJAR. Forest.
Lowlands to 1800 m of nw,e Madagascar.
Caprimulgus batesi BATES'S NIGHTJAR. Humid forest.
Lowlands in s Cameroon, sw C. African Republic, Gabon, Congo, Zaire (exc.
s) and sw Uganda.
Caprimulgus climacurus LONG-TAILED NIGHTJAR. Woodland,
savanna, scrub. In extreme sw Mauritania, s Mali, Senegambia, Burkina
Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana,
Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Niger, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, n Angola, n,c Zaire,
s Chad to cs Sudan, w Ethiopia, Eritrea, w Kenya, nw Tanzania, and nw Uganda.
Caprimulgus clarus SLENDER-TAILED NIGHTJAR. Woodland, savanna,
scrub. S Sudan, c,s Uganda, s Ethiopia, s Somalia, Kenya and n Tanzania.
Caprimulgus fossii SQUARE-TAILED NIGHTJAR. Woodland, savanna,
scrub. In Gabon, Congo, s,e Zaire, s Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, s Kenya,
Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, s Angola, n Namibia, n Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique
and e S. Africa in n,e Cape Prov., c,e Transvaal and Natal.
Macrodipteryx longipennis STANDARD-WINGED NIGHTJAR. Heavily
wooded savanna. S Mauritania, Senegambia, Burkina Faso, s Mali, s
Niger, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana,
Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Gabon, C. Afr. Rep., s Chad and s Sudan
to Ethiopia, Eritrea, ne Zaire, Uganda and w Kenya. Mostly non-breeding
in n,e parts of range.
Macrodipteryx vexillarius PENNANT-WINGED NIGHTJAR. Brachystegia
woodland, savanna. In Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo,
C. Afr. Rep., s Chad, s Ethiopia, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, c Tanzania,
Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Angola, s Zaire, ne Namibia, n,e
Botswana and e S. Africa.
Hydropsalis climacocerca LADDER-TAILED NIGHTJAR. River
sandbars, riverine forest, open woodland. Lowlands to 500 m e of
Andes from se Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and
e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Hydropsalis brasiliana SCISSOR-TAILED NIGHTJAR. Woodland,
cerrado. From e Peru and Amazonian,e,se Brazil s through n,e,se Bolivia,
Paraguay and Uruguay to c Argentina.
Uropsalis segmentata SWALLOW-TAILED NIGHTJAR. Paramo, forest
edge. Andes, 2500-3500 m, from Colombia s through Ecuador and Peru
to wc Bolivia.
Uropsalis lyra LYRE-TAILED NIGHTJAR. Humid forest edge,
open woodland, usually near water. Andes, 800-3500 m, from Colombia
and w Venezuela s through Ecuador and Peru to c,se Bolivia.
Macropsalis creagra LONG-TRAINED NIGHTJAR. Woodland.
Se Brazil from Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro s to Rio Grande
do Sul.
Eleothreptus anomalus SICKLE-WINGED NIGHTJAR. Swamps. Paraguay, se Brazil, Uruguay and ne Argentina.
Sibley's Sequence - 16
