Order PSITTACIFORMES
Family PSITTACIDAE - 2:
Lathamus discolor SWIFT PARROT. Eucalyptus woodland, towns, grasslands. Tasmania, including Furneaux Is.; reported breeding in s Victoria unconfirmed.
Melopsittacus undulatus BUDGERIGAR.
Grasslands, spinifex, mallee, mulga, riverine woodland, farmlands.
Arid parts of Australia, rarely to coastal areas and Kangaroo I.
Intro. wc Florida, U.S.A.
Pezoporus wallicus GROUND PARROT.
Swampy heath, coastal and subalpine grassy flats and slopes, occasionally
grasslands and pastures. Locally in coastal areas in s W. Australia,
and from se Queensland s to s Victoria, incl. coastal Tasmania and Hunter
I. in Bass Strait.
Geopsittacus occidentalis NIGHT PARROT.
(Pezoporus) Spinifex in stony or sandy areas, samphire flats, margins
of salt lakes and rivers, possibly saltbush. Formerly arid int. Australia,
possibly coastal nw W. Australia. Seven recent, and probably authentic,
sightings near Cloncurry in nw Queensland reported in Emu 93:292, 1993.
In 1990 a road-killed bird was found at Boulia, nw Queensland (Boles, et
al. 1994. Emu 94:37-40).
Strigops habroptilus KAKAPO. Forest,
scrubby snow tussock meadows. Nearing extinction, formerly lowlands
and mts. to 1250 m of New Zealand; surviving in small numbers on Stewart
I. and in Fiordland near Milford Sound on the sw side of the S. Island
of New Zealand.
*Mascarinus mascarinus MASCARENE PARROT.
Extinct; formerly on Réunion and possibly Mauritius in the w Mascarene
Is. Known from two specimens; last living bird died in captivity
in 1834.
Coracopsis vasa VASA PARROT. Forest,
savanna. Madagascar region in hills above 300 m of Comoro Is.(Grand
Comoro, Mohéli, Anjouan); and lowlands to 1000 m of Madagascar.
Coracopsis nigra BLACK PARROT. Dense
woodland, brushy areas, mangroves. Lowlands in Comoro Is. (Grand
Comoro, Anjouan), Madagascar and n Seychelles (Praslin).
Psittacus erithacus GREY PARROT.
Humid forest, savanna woodland, mangroves, villages. In Guinea-Bissau,
s Mali, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria,
s Cameroon, Fernando Po and Príncipe islands, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Congo, C. Afr. Rep., n Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, w Kenya,
nw Tanzania, s to sw,ec Zaire and Angola.
Poicephalus robustus BROWN-NECKED PARROT.
Forest, mangroves, farmlands.
The three forms are allopatric and may be separate
species.
P. r. fuscicollis. Drier lowlands
below 1250 m in Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Ivory Coast and n Ghana.
P. r. suahelicus. In s,e Zaire, sw
Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, c Tanzania, Malawi, s Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique,
extreme ne S. Africa, n Botswana, Angola and n Namibia.
P. r. robustus. CAPE PARROT.
Montane and coastal forest of e S. Africa from ec Transvaal to e Cape Province.
Poicephalus gulielmi RED-FRONTED PARROT.
Forest. Lowlands and mts. to 3500 m in Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana,
s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire,
Uganda, c Kenya, n Tanzania, n Angola and sc Zaire.
Poicephalus senegalus SENEGAL PARROT.
Savannah woodland, open forest, farmlands. In Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau,
Guinea, s Mauritania, s Mali, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast,
Ghana, Togo, Benin, s Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon and sw Chad.
Poicephalus crassus NIAM-NIAM PARROT.
Forest, savannah woodland. In sw Chad, C. African Rep. to extreme
n Zaire and sw Sudan.
Poicephalus meyeri MEYER'S PARROT.
Savanna, riparian woodland, second growth, acacia scrub, farmlands.
Lowlands to 1250 m in L. Chad area, C. African Rep., ne,ce,sc Zaire and
n Angola e to c Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, s through Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda,
w,s Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia to n Namibia, n,e Botswana, n S.
Africa, Zimbabwe and extreme cw Mozambique.
Poicephalus flavifrons YELLOW-FRONTED PARROT.
Cedar-podocarp and Higenia forest. Mts., 1000-3000 m, of n,c,sw Ethiopia.
Poicephalus rufiventris RED-BELLIED PARROT.
Dry thornbush, acacia scrub, savanna, arid plains. Lowlands to 2000 m in
Ethiopia and Somalia s through Kenya to cn Tanzania.
Poicephalus cryptoxanthus BROWN-HEADED
PARROT. Dry woodland, acacia scrub. Lowlands to 1000 m from
coastal se Kenya s through e Tanzania and Mozambique to e S. Africa, and
inland to int. Tanzania, Malawi and se Zimbabwe.
Poicephalus rueppellii RUEPPELL'S PARROT.
Riparian woodland, open dry forest. Lowlands to 1250 m from w Angola
s to c Namibia.
Agapornis canus GREY-HEADED LOVEBIRD.
Forest edge, brush, grasslands, farmlands. Lowlands to 1000 m of
Madagascar. Intro. Mascarene, Comoro islands and Seychelles.
Agapornis pullarius RED-HEADED LOVEBIRD.
Second growth, open woodland, savanna, farmlands. Lowlands to 1400
m in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon,
Gulf of Guinea islands, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, s Chad, C. African
Rep., s Sudan and cw Ethiopia, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, nw Tanzania
and s to nw Angola, sw,sc,ce Zaire.
Agapornis taranta BLACK-WINGED LOVEBIRD.
Forest. Highlands, 1300-3200 m, of n,c,w Ethiopia and Eritrea.
Agapornis swindernianus BLACK-COLLARED
LOVEBIRD. Humid forest. Locally in lowlands to 1800 m in Liberia,
Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep. and nw,nc,ne,ce
Zaire to w Uganda.
Agapornis roseicollis ROSY-FACED LOVEBIRD.
Dry open country, savanna. Lowlands to 1600 m in cw,sw Angola, Namibia
(exc. ne) and nw S. Africa in n Cape Prov.
Agapornis fischeri FISCHER'S LOVEBIRD.
Acacia grassland, savanna, farmlands. Highlands 1100-1700 m, in Kenya
and nw,cn Tanzania. Intro. coastal ne Tanzania and s Kenya.
Agapornis personatus YELLOW-COLLARED LOVEBIRD.
Acacia grasslands, savanna. Highlands, 1100-1700 m, in Burundi, Kenya
and ne,c,sc Tanzania. Intro. coastal Tanzania, sc Kenya.
Agapornis lilianae LILIAN'S LOVEBIRD.
Mopane and acacia woodland, mostly in river valleys. Lowlands, 600-1000
m, in s Tanzania, Malawi, e Zambia, n Zimbabwe and nw Mozambique.
Agapornis nigrigenis BLACK-CHEEKED LOVEBIRD.
Mopane woodland in river valleys. Lowlands, 600-1000 m, in sw Zambia.
Sometimes treated as a race of A. lilianae.
Loriculus vernalis VERNAL HANGING-PARROT.
Open forest, woodland, jungle thickets, bamboo, second growth. Lowlands
and mts. to 2000 m in c,s,e India, Andaman and Nicobar is., Burma and Indochina.
Loriculus beryllinus CEYLON HANGING-PARROT.
Woodland, towns. Lowlands and mts. to 1600 m of Sri Lanka.
Loriculus philippensis COLASISI or PHILIPPINE
HANGING-PARROT. Forest, second growth, woodland, bamboo, farmlands.
Lowlands and mts. to 2500 m of Philippines including Sulu Archipelago.
Loriculus galgulus BLUE-CROWNED HANGING-PARROT.
Open woodland, bamboo, orchards, towns. Lowlands to 1250 m in Malay
Pen., Sumatra and Borneo.
Loriculus stigmatus SULAWESI HANGING-PARROT.
Open country, woodland, villages. Lowlands to 800 m of Sulawesi and
nearby islands.
Loriculus amabilis MOLUCCAN HANGING-PARROT.
Forest edge, second growth, towns. Wallacea on is. off e,ne Sulawesi
(Peleng, Banggai, Sula, Sangihe) and n Moluccas (Halmahera, Bacan).
Loriculus catamene SANGIHE HANGING-PARROT.
Forest edge, second growth, towns. Sangihe Is. on Great Sangi.
May be conspecific with L. stigmatus.
Loriculus aurantiifrons ORANGE-FRONTED HANGING-PARROT.
Forest. Locally in lowlands to 1200 m in w Papuan is., New Guinea
and D'Entrecasteaux Arch.
Loriculus tener GREEN-FRONTED HANGING-PARROT.
Forest. Bismarck Arch. on New Hanover, New Ireland, New Britain and
Duke of York islands. Sometimes treated as a race of L. aurantiifrons.
Loriculus exilis RED-BILLED HANGING-PARROT
or PYGMY HANGING-PARROT. Forest, woodland, mangroves. Lowlands
to at least 800 m of n,e,se Sulawesi.
Loriculus pusillus YELLOW-THROATED HANGING-PARROT.
Forest, edge. Lowlands and mts. to 1850 m in Java and Bali.
Loriculus flosculus WALLACE'S HANGING-PARROT.
Humid forest. Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands. Known from three
specimens and thought to be extinct, but rediscovered in the Selah Legium
forest on w Flores Island in the Lesser Sundas (World Birdwatch 15(4):5).
Psittacula eupatria ALEXANDRINE PARAKEET.
Forest, woodland, farmlands, mangroves. Lowlands and mts. to 1800
m from e Afghanistan and Pakistan e through India, Burma and Thailand to
Cambodia, c,s Laos, c Vietnam and Andaman Is. Intro. cs Iran.
*Psittacula wardi SEYCHELLES PARAKEET.
Extinct. Last reported in 1881, definitely gone by 1906; formerly
Seychelles on Mahé, Silhouette. Extinction probably caused
by forest destruction. Sometimes treated as a race of P. eupatria.
Psittacula krameri ROSE-RINGED PARAKEET.
Open woodland, savanna, farmlands. In s Mauritania, Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau,
s Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Liberia, c Ivory Coast, s Ghana, Togo, s
Benin, s Niger, c Nigeria, n Cameroon, n C. Afr. Rep., s Chad and c,s Sudan
e to nw Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, n,se Somalia, ne Zaire, nw Uganda.
Lowlands to 1800 m from Afghanistan and Pakistan e through India to Burma.
Intro. Egypt, Kenya, s,e Africa, Mascarene Is., Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Hong
Kong, Macau, Singapore, Hawaiian Is., se Florida in the U.S.A.; possibly
elsewhere.
Psittacula echo MAURITIUS PARAKEET.
Scrub forest. Mauritius I.; possibly formerly Réunion.
Sometimes treated as a race of P. krameri.
*Psittacula exsul NEWTON'S PARAKEET.
Forest. Extinct; formerly Rodrigues I., e Mascarene Is.
Psittacula himalayana SLATY-HEADED PARAKEET.
Forest, second growth. Himalayas to 2500 m in e Afghanistan, n Pakistan
and n India.
Psittacula finschii GREY-HEADED PARAKEET.
Forest, second growth, orchards. Foothills and mts. to 3600 m in
n,e India, sw China, Burma, nw,ne,sw Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.
Sometimes considered to be conspecific with himalayana, but they overlap
in Nepal and e India, apparently without interbreeding.
Psittacula intermedia INTERMEDIATE PARAKEET.
Presumably forest. Specimens apparently came from n India in the
Himalayas. Often treated as a hybrid between himalayana and cyanocephala,
but is a good species sympatric with himalayana.
Psittacula cyanocephala PLUM-HEADED PARAKEET.
Open scrub, deciduous woodland, open forest, farmlands. Lowlands
and mts. to 1800 m in ne Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka.
Psittacula roseata BLOSSOM-HEADED PARAKEET.
Forest, second growth, farmlands. Lowlands to 900 m in e India, s
China, Burma, nw,ne,sw Thailand, Cambodia, c,s Laos and c,s Vietnam.
Psittacula columboides MALABAR PARAKEET.
Humid forest, woodland. Lowlands to 1500 m of sw India.
Psittacula calthropae LAYARD'S PARAKEET.
Forest, woodland. Lowlands to 2000 m of Sri Lanka.
Psittacula derbiana DERBYAN PARAKEET.
Pine and rhododendron forest. Himalayas, 2800-4000 m, of sw China,
se Tibet.
Psittacula alexandri RED-BREASTED PARAKEET.
Forest, second growth, mangroves. Lowlands to 1500 m from n,e India,
Burma and s China s through Indochina to Andaman Is., and islands off Sumatra,
Java and Bali. Intro. in s Borneo.
Psittacula caniceps NICOBAR PARAKEET.
Forest, woodland. Nicobar Is.
Psittacula longicauda LONG-TAILED PARAKEET
or PINK-CHEEKED PARAKEET. Forest, woodland, palm groves, second growth.
Lowlands to 350 m in Andaman and Nicobar is., Malaya, Sumatra (incl. nearby
islands) and Borneo.
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus HYACINTH MACAW.
Swamps, forest, palm groves. Lowlands in extreme e Bolivia (e Santa
Cruz) and int. Brazil from Rio Tapajós e to Pará, Maranhão
and Piauí, and s through Goiás and w Bahia to Mato Grosso
and Minas Gerais, and n Paraguay.
Anodorhynchus leari INDIGO MACAW.
Arid canyons, caatinga. Plateau region of ne Brazil.
*Anodorhynchus glaucus GLAUCOUS MACAW.
Forest, palm groves. Probably extinct, last recorded 1915; formerly
lowlands in Paraguay, nw Uruguay, extreme se Brazil and ne Argentina.
*Cyanopsitta spixii LITTLE BLUE MACAW.
Palm groves. Formerly lowlands of e Brazil. Extinct in the
wild but survives in captivity.
Ara ararauna BLUE-AND-YELLOW MACAW.
Forest, savanna, swamps, riverine woodland. Lowlands to 500 m in
e Panama, and from n,e Colombia, s Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, e
of Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia, Paraguay and c,e
Brazil.
Ara glaucogularis BLUE-THROATED MACAW.
Probably riverine forest, chaco. In e Bolivia, Paraguay and n Argentina.
Rare, but rediscovered in Bolivia in 1992 (Cotinga, vol. 1, Feb. 1994).
Ara militaris MILITARY MACAW. Dry
forest, open woodland, pine-oak forest, riverine woodland. Lowlands
and mts. to 2500 m from se Sonora, sw Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Zacatecas,
San Luis Potosí, s Nuevo León and c Tamaulipas s to México,
Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas; extirpated in most n portions of range.
Locally in Colombia, n Venezuela, e Ecuador, nw,ne Peru, e,se Bolivia and
nw Argentina.
Ara ambigua GREAT GREEN MACAW. Humid
forest, edge, farmlands. Lowlands to 600 m on Caribbean slope of
e Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, both slopes of Panama, and nw Colombia;
w Ecuador, possibly sw Colombia. May be conspecific with militaris.
Ara macao SCARLET MACAW. Forest edge,
open woodland, savanna, farmlands. Lowlands to 1100 m from Tamaulipas,
Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas and s Campeche s to Panama, and from
n,e Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s, e of the Andes, through e Ecuador
and e Peru to n,c Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Ara chloropterus RED-AND-GREEN MACAW.
Humid forest. Lowlands and foothills to 1400 m in e Panama, and from
nw,n,e Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador,
e Peru, n,e Bolivia and n,e,c Brazil to Paraguay and n Argentina.
*Ara cubensis CUBAN MACAW. Forest
edge, open country with scattered trees, palm groves. Extinct; formerly
Cuba, possibly Isle of Pines. Last specimen taken in 1864.
*Ara tricolor HISPANIOLAN MACAW.
Presumably forest edge. Extinct. Last reported in 1820; formerly
Hispaniola.
Ara rubrogenys RED-FRONTED MACAW.
Riverine forest, scrub. Andean valleys, 1300-2400 m of c Bolivia
in se Cochabamba, w Santa Cruz, ne Potosí and nw Chuquisaca.
Ara severa CHESTNUT-FRONTED MACAW.
Forest, woodland, swamps. Lowlands to 1000 m in e Panama, nw,n,e
Colombia, w Venezuela, Guianas, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and Amazonian n,c Brazil.
Ara manilata RED-BELLIED MACAW. Savanna,
swamps, palm groves, towns, woodland. Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes
from se Colombia, n,se Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s through e Ecuador
and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian,c Brazil.
Ara couloni BLUE-HEADED MACAW. Forest,
especially cut-over areas. In e Peru, n Bolivia and adjacent w Amazonian
Brazil.
Ara maracana BLUE-WINGED MACAW. Forest,
generally near water. Lowlands in e Brazil, Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Ara auricollis YELLOW-COLLARED MACAW.
Swamps, forest. From n,e,se Bolivia and nw Argentina e through Paraguay
to sc Brazil.
Ara nobilis RED-SHOULDERED MACAW.
Forest, edge, savanna, woodland. Lowlands in e Venezuela, Guyana,
Surinam, extreme se Peru, n Bolivia and n,e Brazil.
Aratinga acuticaudata BLUE-CROWNED PARAKEET.
Arid savanna, thickets, farmlands. Lowlands to 400 m e of Andes in
ne,e Colombia and n Venezuela; lowlands and mts. to 2650 m from e,se Bolivia,
Paraguay and e,c Brazil s to Uruguay and n Argentina.
Aratinga guarouba GOLDEN PARAKEET.
Humid forest. Lowlands of ne Brazil.
Aratinga holochlora GREEN PARAKEET.
Open woodland, pine forest, humid forest, farmlands. Lowlands and
mts. to 2200 m in sw Chihuahua, ne Sinaloa, s Sonora, and from s Nuevo
León and Tamaulipas s to Guanajuato, México, Puebla, Oaxaca,
Veracruz and Chiapas; Socorro I. in the Revillagigedo Is.; mts., 900-2600
m, in c,e Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, n Nicaragua. Occurs in
sympatry with strenua in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, hence they
are separate species.
Aratinga strenua PACIFIC PARAKEET.
Open woodland, pine forest, arid scrub, farmlands. Pacific slope
from Oaxaca and Chiapas s through n C. America to sw Nicaragua. See
A. holochlora.
Aratinga wagleri SCARLET-FRONTED PARAKEET.
Humid forest, edge, farmlands, orchards. The two subspecies groups
may be separate species.
A. w. wagleri. Mts., 1000-3000 m, of Colombia
and n Venezuela.
A. w. frontata. Mts., 1000-3000 m,
of w Ecuador and nw,e,se Peru.
Aratinga mitrata MITRED PARAKEET.
Humid forest, edge, farmlands. Andes, 1000-2600 m, in c,se Peru,
c,se Bolivia and nw Argentina; and in Andes, 2800-3400 m, of c Peru.
The population in the Andes of c Peru, A. m. alticola, may be a separate
species.
Aratinga erythrogenys RED-MASKED PARAKEET.
Dry forest, edge, farmlands. Arid zone in w Ecuador and nw Peru.
Aratinga finschi CRIMSON-FRONTED PARAKEET.
Open humid woodland, forest edge, farmlands. Lowlands in se Nicaragua,
Costa Rica and w Panama.
Aratinga leucophthalmus WHITE-EYED PARAKEET.
Mangroves, palm groves, open forest, savanna, farmlands. Lowlands
to 500 m e of Andes from se Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s
through e Ecuador, e Peru and Brazil to Bolivia, Paraguay, n Uruguay and
n Argentina.
Aratinga euops CUBAN PARAKEET. Heavy
forest, open country. Cuba and the I. of Pines.
Aratinga chloroptera HISPANIOLAN PARAKEET.
Forest, open woodland, second growth. Mts. of Hispaniola; formerly
Mona I. and probably Puerto Rico before 1883.
Aratinga solstitialis SUN PARAKEET.
Open forest, savanna, palm groves. Lowlands to 1200 m of extreme
se Venezuela, Guianas and ne Brazil.
Aratinga jandaya JANDAYA PARAKEET.
Forest, edge, palm groves. Lowlands of ne Brazil.
Aratinga auricapilla GOLDEN-CAPPED PARAKEET.
Forest, open woodland, savanna. Lowlands of e Brazil from Bahia s
to Rio Grande do Sul.
Aratinga weddellii DUSKY-HEADED PARAKEET.
Forest, savanna, woodland, usually near water. Lowlands to 500 m
e of Andes from se Colombia s through e Ecuador, e Peru and Amazonian Brazil
to n Bolivia.
Aratinga nana OLIVE-THROATED PARAKEET.
Forest, scrub, second growth, farmlands, woodland. Lowlands and to
1100 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from s Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Yucatán
Pen. s to extreme w Panama; Jamaica.
Aratinga canicularis ORANGE-FRONTED PARAKEET.
Deciduous forest, edge, open woodland, arid scrub, swamps, towns.
Lowlands to 1500 m on Pacific slope from c Sinaloa and w Durango s to nw
Costa Rica; Caribbean slope of Honduras.
Aratinga aurea PEACH-FRONTED PARAKEET.
Savanna, deciduous woodland, open country, farmlands. Lowlands e
of Andes from extreme se Peru, Brazil s to n,e Bolivia, n Argentina and
n Paraguay.
Aratinga pertinax BROWN-THROATED PARAKEET.
Arid scrub, semi-desert, mangrove, savanna, farmlands, woodland.
Lowlands of w Panama; lowlands to 1600 m in n,e Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas
and n Brazil. Intro. Virgin Is., recently spreading to e Puerto Rico,
Culebra I. and St. John.
Aratinga cactorum CAATINGA PARAKEET.
Deciduous thorn scrub, caatinga, open woodland, savanna. Lowlands
of e Brazil.
Nandayus nenday NANDAY PARAKEET.
Savanna, palm groves, farmlands. In se Bolivia, sw Brazil, Paraguay
and n Argentina. Introduced in Florida, but not certainly established.
Leptosittaca branickii GOLDEN-PLUMED PARAKEET.
Humid forest. Andes, 1800-3500 m in c Colombia, sw Ecuador and c
Peru.
Ognorhynchus icterotis YELLOW-EARED PARROT.
Forest, wax palms. Andes, 2000-3400 m in Colombia and n Ecuador.
Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha THICK-BILLED
PARROT. Pine-oak forest. Mts., 1500-3400 m in Sierra Madre
de Occidental in Chihuahua, Durango, probably elsewhere. Formerly
ranged n to s Arizona and s to c Mexico.
Snyder, et al. (1994. Condor 96:845-862) reviewed the results of experimental releases in Arizona since 1986. Wild-caught adults survived well and some reproduced in the wild. Captive-raised birds had poor survival rates.
Rhynchopsitta terrisi MAROON-FRONTED PARROT.
Pine-oak forest. Mts., 1800-3100 m, in Sierra Madre Oriental in se
Coahuila, Nuevo León and w Tamaulipas.
*Conuropsis carolinensis CAROLINA PARAKEET.
Extinct. Last specimen 1913; last captive died in 1918. Riverine
forest, cypress swamp, deciduous woodland, farmlands. Formerly from e Nebraska,
Iowa, se Wisconsin, s Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and c New York s to
s Oklahoma, Louisiana, Gulf states and c Florida. An agricultural
pest -- it was killed in great numbers and habitat was destroyed.
Cyanoliseus patagonus BURROWING PARAKEET.
Open country, woodland, savanna, farmlands. Lowlands to 1900 m in
Chile and Argentina.
Pyrrhura cruentata BLUE-THROATED PARAKEET.
Forest. Lowlands of e Brazil.
Pyrrhura devillei BLAZE-WINGED PARAKEET.
Forest. In e Bolivia, n Paraguay and sw Brazil. Hybridizes
with P. frontalis in n Paraguay and they may be conspecific.
Pyrrhura frontalis MAROON-BELLIED PARAKEET.
Forest. In se Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and n Argentina.
Pyrrhura perlata PEARLY PARAKEET.
Humid forest. Lowlands of e Amazonian Brazil.
Pyrrhura rhodogaster CRIMSON-BELLIED PARAKEET.
Humid forest. Lowlands in c Amazonian Brazil and n,e Bolivia in Beni
and Santa Cruz.
Pyrrhura molinae GREEN-CHEEKED PARAKEET.
Forest. Lowlands and mts. to 2000 in Bolivia, nw Argentina and sw
Brazil.
Pyrrhura picta PAINTED PARAKEET.
Humid forest. Lowlands of wc Panama; lowlands to 2000 m from n Colombia,
nw,s Venezuela and Guianas s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador, Amazonian,
n Brazil and se Peru to n Bolivia.
Pyrrhura leucotis WHITE-EARED PARAKEET.
Humid forest. Lowlands of n Venezuela; e Brazil.
Pyrrhura viridicata SANTA MARTA PARAKEET.
Forest, grassy scrub. Mts., 2000-2500 m, of ne Colombia.
Pyrrhura egregia FIERY-SHOULDERED PARAKEET.
Forest. Pantepui region, 700-1800 m, in se Venezuela, Guyana and
Surinam.
Pyrrhura melanura MAROON-TAILED PARAKEET.
Humid forest. Lowlands of c Colombia; lowlands to 1950 m from Colombia
and s Venezuela s, w of Andes to nw Ecuador and e of Andes through e Ecuador
and ne Peru to w Amazonian Brazil; e Peru.
Pyrrhura orcesi EL ORO PARAKEET.
Humid forest. Andean foothills, 600-1000 m, of w Ecuador.
Pyrrhura rupicola BLACK-CAPPED PARAKEET.
Humid forest. Lowlands to 300 m in e Peru, n Bolivia and extreme
w Amazonian Brazil.
Pyrrhura albipectus WHITE-NECKED PARAKEET.
Humid forest. Lowlands of e Ecuador.
Pyrrhura calliptera BROWN-BREASTED PARAKEET.
Humid forest. E. Andes, 1700-3400 m, of ec Colombia.
Pyrrhura hoematotis RED-EARED PARAKEET.
Humid forest, savanna woodland. Mts., 1200-2000 m, of n Venezuela.
Pyrrhura rhodocephala ROSE-HEADED PARAKEET.
Humid forest. Mts., 800-3050 m, of w Venezuela.
Pyrrhura hoffmanni SULPHUR-WINGED PARAKEET.
Humid forest, second growth. Mts., 700-3000 m, in Costa Rica and
w Panama.
Enicognathus ferrugineus AUSTRAL PARAKEET.
Forest, towns, open country. Lowlands in s Chile and s Argentina.
Enicognathus leptorhynchus SLENDER-BILLED
PARAKEET. Forest, semi-open country, farmlands. Lowlands of
c Chile.
Myiopsitta monachus MONK PARAKEET.
Open forest, riverine woodland, acacia scrub, palm groves, orchards, farmlands.
Lowlands to 1560 m in e,se Bolivia, Paraguay, s Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.
Intro. Bahamas, Puerto Rico, e N. America. Introduced in the southeastern
U.S. and Puerto Rico; present but not established in elsewhere in northeastern
North America.
Bolborhynchus aymara GREY-HOODED PARAKEET.
Dry shrubby areas, scrub. Andes, 1700-4000 m, in Bolivia, n Chile
and nw Argentina.
Bolborhynchus aurifrons MOUNTAIN PARAKEET.
Steppe, open shrubby areas, towns, woodland, farmlands. Locally in
lowlands and mts. to 4000 m in Peru, c,sw Bolivia, n Chile and w Argentina.
Bolborhynchus lineola BARRED PARAKEET.
Humid forest, open woodland, savanna. Locally in highlands, 750-3000
m, from Guerrero, Veracruz and Chiapas s through Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
and Costa Rica to w Panama; Andes, 1600-2600 m, in Colombia, w Venezuela,
n Ecuador and c Peru.
Bolborhynchus orbygnesius ANDEAN PARAKEET.
Bushy areas, scrubby slopes. Andes, 1200-6250 m, in Peru and cw Bolivia.
Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons RUFOUS-FRONTED
PARAKEET. Scrubby slopes. C. Andes, 3000-3800 m, of w Colombia.
Forpus cyanopygius MEXICAN PARROTLET.
Thorn forest, open woodland, savanna, thorn scrub. Lowlands to 1320
m in s Sonora, Sinaloa, w Durango, Zacatecas, Nayarit (incl. Tres Marías
Is.), Jalisco and Colima.
Forpus passerinus GREEN-RUMPED PARROTLET.
Savanna, open woodland, dry forest, edge, acacia scrub, mangroves, farmlands.
Lowlands to 1800 m in ne Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guianas and Amazonian
Brazil. Intro. Jamaica, Barbados.
Forpus xanthopterygius BLUE-WINGED PARROTLET.
Dry savanna, scrub, riparian woodland, towns, orchards, farmlands.
Lowlands to 500 m from n,e Colombia, ne Peru and Amazonian,c,e,se Brazil,
s to n,e Bolivia, Paraguay and ne Argentina. Sometimes treated as
a race of F. passerinus.
Forpus conspicillatus SPECTACLED PARROTLET.
Open woodland, forest edge, savanna, thornbush. Locally in lowlands
to 2000 m in e Panama, w,n,e Colombia and sw Venezuela.
Forpus sclateri DUSKY-BILLED PARROTLET.
Riverine forest, edge, second growth. Lowlands to 500 m in nc,sc
Venezuela, Guyana and French Guiana; to 500 m e of Andes in e Colombia,
e Ecuador, e Peru, Amazonian Brazil and n Bolivia.
Forpus coelestis PACIFIC PARROTLET.
Dry scrub, second growth, farmlands, dry forest. Lowlands on Pacific
slope of Ecuador and nw Peru.
Forpus xanthops YELLOW-FACED PARROTLET.
Open dry scrub. Highlands, 1700-1750 m, of n Peru. Sometimes
considered conspecific with coelestis.
Brotogeris tirica PLAIN PARAKEET.
Open country, woodland, palm groves, towns. Lowlands of e,se Brazil.
Brotogeris versicolurus CANARY-WINGED PARAKEET.
Open forest, edge, woodland, scrub, savanna. Lowlands to 300 m from
extreme se Colombia, e Ecuador and French Guiana s to e Peru, Amazonian
Brazil and e Paraguay. Intro. s Calif., wc,se Florida, Puerto Rico,
w Peru.
Brotogeris chiriri YELLOW-CHEVRONED PARAKEET.
Open forest, edge, woodland, scrub, savanna. Lowlands to 1560 m from
n,e Bolivia and nw Argentina e through c,s Brazil and e Paraguay to ne
Argentina. Often considered to be a race of B. versicolurus, but
they are apparently sympatric in e Pará, Brazil. Introduced
but not certainly established in southern Florida.
Brotogeris pyrrhopterus GREY-CHEEKED PARAKEET.
Arid scrub. Lowlands in w Ecuador and nw Peru.
Brotogeris jugularis ORANGE-CHINNED PARAKEET.
Open woodland, second growth, forest edge, arid scrub. Pacific lowlands
to 1400 m in sw Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa
Rica, Panama, n Colombia and w Venezuela.
Brotogeris cyanoptera COBALT-WINGED PARAKEET.
Savanna, woodland. Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes from se Colombia
and s Venezuela s through e Ecuador to Amazonian Peru, w Amazonian Brazil
and n,e Bolivia; n Peru. Includes gustavi, which may be a separate
species, but intermediates occur in the lower Huallaga valley of n Peru.
Brotogeris chrysopterus GOLDEN-WINGED PARAKEET.
Forest, edge, savanna. Lowlands to 1200 m in e Venezuela, Guianas
and e,c Amazonian Brazil.
Brotogeris sanctithomae TUI PARAKEET.
Second growth, swamps, riverine woodland. Lowlands to 100 m in se
Colombia, ne Peru, w Amazonian Brazil and n Bolivia.
Nannopsittaca panychlora TEPUI PARROTLET.
Humid forest. Pantepui, 750-1850 m, in s Venezuela and w Guyana;
ne Venezuela.
Nannopsittaca dachilleae AMAZONIAN PARROTLET.
Humid forest. Lowlands in se Peru and nw Bolivia. A distinct
species that seems to be an allospecies of N. panychlora. See Auk
108:225, 1991.
Touit batavica LILAC-TAILED PARROTLET.
Forest, second growth. Lowlands to 1700 m in w,n,se Venezuela, Surinam,
Trinidad and Tobago.
Touit huetii SCARLET-SHOULDERED PARROTLET.
Humid forest. Lowlands to 400 m e of Andes from se Colombia, e,s
Venezuela, and Guyana s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and n
Brazil.
Touit costaricensis RED-FRONTED PARROTLET.
Humid forest. Lowlands to 1250 m (ranges up to 3000 m) in Costa Rica
and w Panama. Sometimes treated as a race of T. dilectissima.
Touit dilectissima BLUE-FRONTED PARROTLET.
Humid forest, open woodland. Lowlands to 1720 m in e Panama, w,ne
Colombia, nw Venezuela and nw Ecuador.
Touit purpurata SAPPHIRE-RUMPED PARROTLET.
Savanna, forest. Lowlands to 400 m e of Andes from se Colombia, s
Venezuela and Guianas s to n Brazil.
Touit melanonota BROWN-BACKED PARROTLET.
Forest. Coastal lowlands of e Brazil.
Touit surda GOLDEN-TAILED PARROTLET.
Forest. Coastal lowlands and adjacent highlands of e Brazil.
Touit stictoptera SPOT-WINGED PARROTLET.
Forest. Locally in mts., 600-2300 m, in Colombia, Ecuador and n Peru.
Pionites melanocephala BLACK-HEADED PARROT.
Forest, savanna. Lowlands to 1100 m e of Andes from se Colombia,
s,ne Venezuela and Guianas s to e Ecuador, ne Peru and n Brazil.
Pionites leucogaster WHITE-BELLIED PARROT.
Forest. Lowlands e of Andes in e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and
Amazonian Brazil.
Pionopsitta pileata PILEATED PARROT.
Humid forest, orchards. Lowlands in se Brazil, Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Pionopsitta haematotis BROWN-HOODED PARROT.
Humid forest, edge, woodland. Lowlands and mts. to 3100 m from s
Mexico s on Gulf-Caribbean slope of C. America to Nicaragua, both slopes
of Costa Rica and Panama, and nw Colombia.
Pionopsitta pulchra ROSE-FACED PARROT.
Humid forest, tall second growth, woodland. Lowlands to 2100 m in
w Colombia and w Ecuador.
Pionopsitta barrabandi ORANGE-CHEEKED PARROT.
Humid forest, woodland. Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes from se Colombia
and s Venezuela s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and w Amazonian
Brazil.
Pionopsitta pyrilia SAFFRON-HEADED PARROT.
Humid forest, edge, tall second growth. Lowlands to 1700 m in extreme
e Panama, n Colombia and nw Venezuela.
Pionopsitta caica CAICA PARROT. Humid
forest. Lowlands to 1100 m in se Venezuela, Guianas and n Brazil.
Gypopsitta vulturina VULTURINE PARROT.
Humid forest. Lowlands s of Amazon from e Amazonas e to Pará-Maranhão
border, and s to sw Pará; erroneously recorded from Venezuela and
Guyana.
Hapalopsittaca melanotis BLACK-WINGED PARROT.
Humid forest. Andes, 2500-3100 m, in c Peru and wc Bolivia.
Hapalopsittaca amazonina RUSTY-FACED PARROT.
Humid forest. Andes, 2000-3600 m in e,sc Colombia, nw Venezuela and
n,c Ecuador.
Hapalopsittaca fuertesi INDIGO-WINGED
PARROT. Humid forest. C. Andes of wc Colombia.
Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops RED-FACED
PARROT. Humid forest. Andes in s Ecuador and nw Peru.
Graydidascalus brachyurus SHORT-TAILED
PARROT. Humid forest, swampy second growth, riverine forest.
Lowlands to 400 m e of Andes in se Colombia, e Ecuador, e Peru and Amazonian,ne
Brazil.
Pionus menstruus BLUE-HEADED PARROT.
Humid forest, edge, farmlands. Lowlands to 1500 m from e Costa Rica,
Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, w of Andes to w Ecuador
and e of Andes to e Peru, n,e Bolivia and Amazonian,e Brazil.
Pionus sordidus RED-BILLED PARROT.
Humid forest. Foothills and mts., 300-2200 m in n Venezuela, Colombia,
w,e Ecuador, e Peru and c Bolivia.
Pionus maximiliani SCALY-HEADED
PARROT. Forest, open woodland. Lowlands in n,e,se Bolivia,
Paraguay, e,s Brazil and n Argentina.
Pionus tumultuosus SPECKLE-FACED
PARROT. Humid forest, usually near water, farmlands. Andes,
1200-3000 m in s Colombia, nw Venezuela, Ecuador and n Peru; Andes, 2000-2800
m, in nw,e Peru and wc Bolivia. Includes seniloides.
Pionus senilis WHITE-CROWNED PARROT.
Humid forest, edge, open woodland, savanna, farmlands. Lowlands to
1600 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from San Luis Potosí, s Tamaulipas
and Yucatán Pen. s through e,s Mexico and C. America to Costa Rica
and w Panama.
Pionus chalcopterus BRONZE-WINGED
PARROT. Humid forest. Foothills and mts., 1400-2800 m in nw
Venezuela and Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and nw Peru. Ranges to lower
elevations.
Pionus fuscus DUSKY PARROT.
Humid forest. Locally in lowlands to 1800 m e of Andes in ne Colombia,
s Venezuela, Guianas and n Brazil.
Amazona leucocephala CUBAN PARROT.
Forest, open woodland, arid scrub. In Bahamas, Cuba (incl. Isle of
Pines) and Cayman Is. on Grand Cayman and Cayman Brac; formerly on Little
Cayman.
Amazona collaria YELLOW-BILLED PARROT.
Humid forest, farmlands. Jamaica, mainly in mts.
Amazona ventralis HISPANIOLAN PARROT.
Forest, farmlands. Hispaniola, incl. Gonâve, Grande Cayemite,
Beata and Saona is. Intro. Puerto Rico, Virgin Is.
Amazona albifrons WHITE-FRONTED
PARROT. Deciduous forest, open woodland, second growth, scrub, savanna,
farmlands. Lowlands from s Sonora, Sinaloa, w Durango, se Veracruz
and Yucatán Pen. s on Pacific slope of Middle America to nw Costa
Rica and Gulf-Caribbean slope to Honduras.
Amazona xantholora YELLOW-LORED
PARROT. Deciduous forest, woodland, arid second growth. Lowlands
in se Mexico, Belize and Isla Roatán in the Bay Is., off n Honduras.
Amazona agilis BLACK-BILLED PARROT.
Forest. Hills and mts. of w Jamaica (absent from the Blue and Jim
Crow mts. in e Jamaica).
Amazona vittata PUERTO RICAN PARROT.
Forest, open woodland. Puerto Rico. A small population survives
in the Sierra de Luquillo; formerly widespread, incl. Culebra I.
Amazona tucumana TUCUMAN PARROT.
Alder forest. Mts., 1800-2000 m in se Bolivia and n Argentina.
Amazona pretrei RED-SPECTACLED PARROT.
Forest, primarily Araucaria. Lowlands in ne Argentina, se Brazil,
possibly se Paraguay and n Uruguay.
Amazona viridigenalis RED-CROWNED
PARROT. Forest, woodland, farmlands. Lowlands of ne Mexico
in Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, and extreme ne
Veracruz. Intro. Hawaiian Is., s Calif., s Texas (perhaps from wild
vagrants) s Florida, Puerto Rico.
Amazona finschi LILAC-CROWNED PARROT.
Deciduous forest, pine-oak woodland, second growth, farmlands. Lowlands
of Pacific slope of w Mexico from se Sonora and sw Chihuahua s to Oaxaca.
Amazona autumnalis RED-LORED PARROT.
Forest, mangroves, second growth, woodland, pine savanna, farmlands.
Lowlands to 1100 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from San Luis Potosí
and Tamaulipas (absent from Yucatán Pen. and Quintana Roo) s to
Honduras inc. Bay Is.; e Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama
(incl. Coiba and Pearl is.), and to 1000 m in w,n Colombia, w Ecuador and
nw Venezuela; nw Amazonian Brazil between R. Negro and R. Solimões.
Amazona dufresniana BLUE-CHEEKED
PARROT. Humid forest. Foothills and mts., 1000-1700 m in se
Venezuela and Guianas.
Amazona rhodocorytha RED-BROWED PARROT.
Riverine forest, mangroves, open woodland. Lowlands of e Brazil.
Sometimes treated as a race of A. dufresniana.
Amazona brasiliensis RED-TAILED
PARROT. Forest. Littoral lowlands of se Brazil.
Amazona festiva FESTIVE PARROT.
Riverine forest, savanna. Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes in e Colombia,
s Venezuela, nw Guyana, e Ecuador, e Peru and w Amazonian Brazil.
Amazona xanthops YELLOW-FACED PARROT.
Scrubby deciduous woodland, cerrado. Inland in e Bolivia and c,e
Brazil.
Amazona barbadensis YELLOW-SHOULDERED
PARROT. Thorn scrub, savanna, arid woodland. Arid coastal lowlands
of n Venezuela, in Falcón and Anzoátegui, incl. islands of
Bonaire, Blanquilla and Margarita; formerly Aruba.
Amazona aestiva BLUE-FRONTED PARROT.
Forest, woodland, farmlands. Lowlands in n,e,se Bolivia, Paraguay,
e Brazil and ne Argentina.
Amazona oratrix YELLOW-HEADED PARROT.
Deciduous forest, open woodland, pine ridges. Pacific slope from
Colima s to Oaxaca; Gulf-Caribbean slope of Mexico from s Nuevo León
and Tamaulipas s to Veracruz and Tabasco; Belize, extreme nw Honduras.
A. oratrix, auropalliata and ochrocephala
are often considered to be conspecific, but lack of interbreeding in areas
of overlap suggests they are allospecies.
Amazona auropalliata YELLOW-NAPED
PARROT. Deciduous forest, thorn scrub, open woodland, pine savanna,
farmlands. Pacific slope from extreme e Oaxaca s to nw Costa Rica;
n Honduras; pine savanna of Mosquitia in e Honduras and ne Nicaragua.
Amazona ochrocephala YELLOW-CROWNED
PARROT. Forest, savanna, woodland, farmlands. N Honduras (possibly
introduced in the Sula valley); Panama (incl. Coiba and Pearl is.) and
from nw,n,e Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, e of Andes, to
e Ecuador, e Peru, n Bolivia and Amazonian, n Brazil.
Amazona amazonica ORANGE-WINGED
PARROT. Forest edge, woodland, savanna, mangroves, farmlands.
Lowlands to 1100 m from n,e Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago and Guianas
s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru, n Bolivia to Amazonian and
e Brazil.
Amazona mercenaria SCALY-NAPED PARROT.
Humid forest, edge, woodland. Mts., 1600-3600 m, from Colombia and
nw Venezuela and s through Andes of Ecuador and Peru to n,e Bolivia.
Amazona farinosa MEALY PARROT.
Humid forest, riverine forest. Lowlands to 1100 m on Gulf-Caribbean
slope from s Veracruz, s Campeche and n Oaxaca (absent from Yucatán
Pen. and Quintana Roo) s to Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama,
and from Colombia and w,s Venezuela s, w of Andes to w Ecuador and e of
Andes to e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and Amazonian,e Brazil. See
A. kawalli.
Amazona kawalli KAWALL'S PARROT.
Forest. Central Amazonian Brazil on Rio Juruá, Amazonas; Rio
Tapajós, Pará. Related to farinosa and occurs within
the range of farinosa, perhaps in sympatry.
Amazona vinacea VINACEOUS PARROT.
Forest. Lowlands in se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Amazona versicolor ST. LUCIA PARROT.
Forest. Mts. of St. Lucia, in the Lesser Antilles.
Amazona arausiaca RED-NECKED PARROT.
Forest. Mts. of Dominica, in the Lesser Antilles.
Amazona guildingii ST. VINCENT PARROT.
Forest. Mts. of St. Vincent in the Lesser Antilles; ranges to lowland
forest.
Amazona imperialis IMPERIAL PARROT. Forest. Mts. of Dominica, in the Lesser Antilles.
Deroptyus accipitrinus RED-FAN PARROT. Humid forest, savanna, woodland. Lowlands to 400 m e of Andes from se Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s locally through e Ecuador to ne Peru and Amazonian,n Brazil.
Triclaria malachitacea BLUE-BELLIED PARROT. Forest, woodland, orchards, towns. Lowlands of se Brazil from s Bahia s to Rio Grande do Sul.