FRENCH ARCHITECTURE Style >>> COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE Style
Research Theme:
Many
factors for Natural condition and Traditional of Native Culture into
Colonial Villa Architecture of period of French domination in Vietnam. Colonial Architecture style of France (CASF) in Vietnam (for example: in Hanoi, Hue and Dalat).
General for contruction and development history of Colonial Architecture style of France (CASF) in Vietnam
Periods of Dong Duong is French domination (1885 - 1945)
-
1858 year, Naval of France landed in Danang and then They invaded in
Saigon. 1862 year, Tu Duc signed to sell province three on Eastern of
Vietnam for French troops. 1867 year, French troops invaded more
province three on Western of Vietnam that to became the Cochinchine
area in Southern of Vietnam.
- 1873 year, France Colonial invaded in Hanoi, to 1882 year They were
pacify and had completed occupy. Although Hanoi was’t capital city, but
It was centre of the country three of Vietnam; Cambodia and Laos.
However, wait until 1884-1886 year, French would be start to construct
for Hanoi, All most (100%) the Buildings constructed on Euro
Architecture style.
From 1888 year, Hanoi was started to developed, from a urban was
Traditional Oriental changed and to became an Occident urban in
France colonial period. Together with development that, Ancient street
area fast changed: For to planned on European Architeture style; The
streets constructed again and street space was directly and large, the
street had Drainage system, sidewarlk, Lamp light system, and to
appeared some new buildings were European Architecture style. All things
were changed on new urban planned, for example: the pond and lake
disappeared, Villages removed on new urban planned. All most the
building used for apparatus of domination and Colonial exploited. New
space of city and new buildings was European Architecture style in Hanoi
contributed to do abundant about the Architecture and changed the face
of Hanoi.
- The history of French Architecture in Vietnam was developed past period three:
+ The first period, from 1860 to 1880 was that period of
Navigation Architecture and Architecture for Military. This period, had
only engineer of Military could designed and constructed buildings and
to used experience from Algeria.
+ Until before 1900 year, Architectural style of Hanoi and some small
province (Nam Dinh; Hue; Quy Nhon; Da lat; Sai gon; Vung Tau; Minh Hai;Hai Phong;…)
was import Foreign Architecture style. Early stages of this period was
Colonial Architecture style from England and another Colonial Country,
principal Architecture was Dome Architecture and to put together
simply. After stages, the Architecture style was stable, Architectural
style imported from original Architectural of France (Neoclassical Architecture style).
Typical Architecture buildings was this period:
Buildings for Military; buildings for Government; building for public
office; Commercial and service company, Architectural style was
multiform and abundant, for multi Architectural style from ancient
Greece style; ancient Roman style; classical Euro style; and the
highlight of structure detail was column system of Baroque; Toscan;
Yonich; Corinthian, Roman, Gothic.
The buildings were remarkable for Architecture art: Hanoi Church
(1883-1887), Ho Chi Minh Madonna Church (1877-1880), Hanoi Opera house
(1901), Ho Chi Minh Theatre (1898-1900), Administrative Palace (Ho Chi Minh
administrative committee)-(1898-1909), Saigon Contimental Hotel (1880),
Blanchard De La Brosse (Ho Chi Minh History Museum)-(1927),
Gevernor-general Palace of Indochina (1901-1906), Resident Superior
Palace, Indochina Bank (Vietnam National Bank),..…With the structural
feature: the wall thick, Large Lobby, Gothic art, Roman art, Mansard
roof was hight and escarp, the Chimney on the roof,.….these structurals
were became solemn beautiful and stablity. And then, the trend of
modern Architecture (Beaux arts and Art deco). It was
speaded in whole Euro and this trend was common in Vietnam
(Hanoi). A remarkable building was Indochina Bank. It was a building of
magnificent proportions, dignified and serious and monumental arch but
didn’t has structurals and classical details. Especially, Villa
buildings had large, slope roof and a chimney on the roof,…Those was
popular details in France. In period (from 1880 to 1920) too,
Architects had graduated of Paris Fine Art University and Indochina
Fine Art College.
- From 1900 to 1920 year, had to much the House constructed in this
period, and the houses designed on model from region three
(Northern, Centre, Southern) of France.
First time of 1920 year, French Architecture style (aboriginal
architectural style) had changed so that suitable for the climate of
Vietnam, because climate of France was very different from climate of
Vietnam.
French Architects and first Architects of Vietnam had designed together
and had trended to found about national character, They studied and
researched the features of Vietnam National, They had used cultural
factor, climate factor, natural condition gone into particulars of
Vietnamese Architecture, and innovated France National Architecture on
trending to Nationalize architecture. After then, They designed and
constructed the buildings were Indochina Architecture (involve:
traditionally fearture of Vietnamese architecture: the structural detail
of tile roof; the Octagonal roof; the Eaves; window-pane on roof,….to
maked up simply Architecture kind and suitable for native people (as
the buildings: office of Foreign Affairs Ministry General University;
History Musuem in Hanoi;….)
- From 1920 to 1940 year, almost the buildings were Oriental Architecture style, this is Architectural new style from French Architect designed.
The Architect's Ernest Hébrard was first person of this is style (He was Professor of Indochina College of Art in Hanoi and He had got a award of Prix de Rome).
He had said so, those are Indochina Architecture style (style indochinois). Substance, It is combination between European style and Asia style.
Ernest Hébrard had used a successful and had created of Indochina architecture style (for example: Louis Finot museum - Vietnam history museum, Baclieu library and,…).
In this the time, French Architects had used a lot of the structures of Asia style (for example: used detail on the roof and on the out side of wall. Especially, used tiled roof is large and very slope).
However, the buildings of Indochina architecture style small more than France Architecture style, but forever, those were pride of almost Vietnamese Architects generation in striking period of Vietnam Architecture history.
Continue, Colonial Villa Architecture: Analysis and Assessment
