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Search History * #1 Eucallipterus tiliae (60 records)

Record 1 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07
TI: The carbohydrate diet of Themira putris adults (Diptera: Sepsidae) living in a sewage treatment plant in Central Europe.
AU: Draeger-U; Scheurer-S
SO: Studia-Dipterologica. 1999, 6: 1, 67-72; 10 ref.
LA: English
LS: German
AB: Themira putris occurs in the area of Berlin area, Germany, with 4 generations per year. The flies develop in large numbers in sewer sludge. Adults feed primarily on carbohydrates. The flies do not seem to be specialized on a particular food but utilize any accessible carbohydrate source. The diet consist mainly of flower nectar, and during summer to a great extent of honeydew from aphids (Sternorrhyncha: Aphidina). At aphid colonies, T. putris feeds on deposited honeydew. While searching for honeydew the flies explore the substratum with drumming movements of the front legs. This behaviour is not aimed at stimulating the aphids toward an increased secretion of honeydew. The declining food supply in late summer is supplemented by exudates of grass (Lolium sp.), infested by ergots (Claviceps purpurea). In autumn, honeydew seeping from opening aphid (Pemphigus spirothecae) galls on poplars (Populus nigra) serves as an additional food source which is intensively used by the large population of sepsid flies.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 20000505164

Record 2 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07
TI: Long-term sampling of Eucallipterus tiliae (Homoptera: Drepanosiphidae) and associated natural enemies in a northern California site.
AU: Daiilsten-DL; Zuparko-RL; Hajek-AE; Rowney-DL; Dreistadt-SH
SO: Environmental-Entomology. 1999, 28: 5, 845-850; 25 ref.
LA: English
AB: Introduced E. tiliae populations on Tilia cordata in northern California were sampled from 1981 to 1987. E. tiliae was more abundant in the lower canopy, with a tendency toward higher numbers in the northeastern sides of trees, but had no consistent pattern regarding inner versus outer canopy. Aphid population densities fluctuated irregularly each season and were not associated with parasitoid or predator densities. Trioxys spp. (presumed to be predominately T. curvicaudus) were the most numerous associated natural enemies, and most abundant on the inner leaves of the lower canopy on the northeastern sides of trees. Both E. tiliae and parasitoids were significantly more abundant on trees with Argentine ants, Linepithema humile present. Trunk banding with a sticky barrier excluded ants from trees in early- and midseason, but bands lost their effectiveness late in the season. An unsuccessful attempt to establish Praon flavinode on E. tiliae is also reported.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 20001104712

Record 3 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07
TI: Arthropod pests of ornamental trees and shrubs: scale insects, aphids, mites.
OT: Novenykarosito izeltlabuak a diszfakon es a diszcserjeken: pajzstetvek, leveltetvek, atkak.
AU: Ripka-G
SO: Novenyvedelem. 1999, 35: 12, 623-626; 7 ref.
LA: Hungarian
LS: English
AB: The author gives an account on the 3 groups of arthropod pests currently causing biggest problems on ornamental trees and shrubs: scale insects, aphids and mites. Among scale insects, the 4 major species are Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Unaspis euonymi, Epidiaspis leperii and Chionaspis salicis. In the group of aphids, occurrence of and damage caused by Periphyllus testudinaceus, Periphyllus obscurus, Periphyllus lyropictus, Eucallipterus tiliae, Chaitophorus leucomelas, Chaitophorus populialbae, Pemphigus spirothecae [Pemphigus spyrothecae], Aphis pomi, Aphis craccivora and Aphis fabae are important. Among phytophagous mites, Tetranychus urticae, Eotetranychus tiliarium, Eotetranychus populi, Pentamerismus oregonensis, Pentamerismus taxi, Eriophyes tiliae, Stenacis palomaris, Anthocoptes salicis, Aculus gemmarum, Aceria populi, Aceria fraxinivorus, Tetraspinus lentus and Epitrimerus trilobus are the ones frequently attacking ornamental trees and shrubs. Aphis catalpae, new to the Hungarian fauna, caused severe infestation on common catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides) at various places in Budapest.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 20001105716

Record 4 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07
TI: Ten aphid species (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) as prey for Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).
AU: Kalushkov-P
SO: European-Journal-of-Entomology. 1998, 95: 3, 343-349; 21 ref.
LA: English
AB: Ten aphid species were used as prey for Adalia bipunctata and six of them (Euceraphis betulae, Cavariella konoi, Liosomaphis berberidis, Acyrthosiphon ignotum, Aphis farinosa and Macrosiphoniella artemisiae) are new essential prey species for this coccinellid. Eucallipterus tiliae and Euceraphis betulae were the most suitable prey according to the rate of larval development, larval mortality, adult fresh weight and coccinellid abundance in the field in the Czech Republic. They were followed by L. berberidis, C. konoi and Tuberculatus annulatus. M. artemisiae and A. ignotum were also very suitable as food in the laboratory, but they did not occur in the field together with Adalia bipunctata. Aphis farinosa from Salix caprea and A. fabae from Philadelphus coronarius were not very suitable as food due to the larval mortality (27 and 23%, respectively). A. fabae from Atriplex sagittata was unsuitable as prey: larval mortality was 67% and the adults that emerged as the survivors had the lowest weight recorded in this series of experiments. Aphis spiraephaga was also unsuitable: all 1st-instar larvae of Adalia bipunctata died, albeit slowly.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 981111652

Record 5 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1998/08-2000/07
TI: New potential for classical biological control of Eucallipterus tiliae (Homoptera: Drepanosiphidae).
AU: Zuparko-RL; Dahlsten-DL
SO: Biological-Control. 1996, 6: 3, 407-408; 22 ref.
LA: English
AB: A discussion is presented on the biological control efforts against the linden aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae, in California, USA. A review of literature suggests that E. tiliae may be native to eastern Asia, which now appears to be the centre of lindens (Tilia spp.) and the drepanosiphids feeding on them. Two records support the hypothesis that eastern Asia was the true home of E. tiliae, and therefore is considered a prime area for the exploration for a natural enemy.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 981107123

Record 6 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07
TI: Occurrence of Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) (Homoptera: Phyllaphididae) on linden in an urban area.
OT: Wystepowanie Eucalipterus tiliae (L.) (Homoptera: Phyllaphididae) na lipie w warunkach miejskich.
AU: Wilkaniec-B
SO: Roczniki-Akademii-Rolniczej-w-Poznaniu,-Ogrodnictwo. 1996, No. 24, 85-92; 3 ref.
LA: Polish
LS: English
AB: Eucallipterus tiliae was the only aphid found on linden (Tilia cordata) in an urban area of Poznan, Poland, during 1991-94. More dense populations of E. tiliae occurred on street trees than in parks. Numerous natural enemies were observed.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 981100287

Record 7 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07
TI: Apis mellifera L. foraging activity on Tilia spp. and pollen content of lime honeys.
OT: Attivita bottinatrice di Apis mellifera L. su tiglio e relazioni con il contenuto pollinico dei mieli.
AU: Ferrazzi-P
SO: Apicoltore-Moderno. 1996, 87: 4, 169-174; Bj.
LA: Italian
LS: English
AB: On flowering lime trees in NW Italy (T. cordata, T. platyphyllos and the hybrid T. intermedia), honey bees were the most frequent visitors; bumble bees, syrphid flies and butterflies were also recorded. Honey bees collected much nectar from the trees, and some pollen; they also foraged on the honeydew produced by Eucallipterus tiliae on the trees. In pollen analyses of 55 unifloral Tilia honeys, the maximum content of Tilia pollen was only 7.2%. This pollen is thus underrepresented in honey.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 970200970

Record 8 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1996-1998/07
TI: A new species of Trioxys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from California.
AU: Stary-P; Zuparko-RL
SO: Pan-Pacific-Entomologist. 1995, 71: 3, 173-175; 14 ref.
LA: English
AB: Trioxys californicus sp. nov. is described from a single specimen reared from Eucallipterus tiliae on Tilia cordata in California. A diagnosis to differentiate the new species from T. curvicaudus is provided. The new species is considered indigenous to California, and the parasitization of E. tiliae to represent a new association; its original host is unknown.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 961102623

Record 9 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1995
TI: Parasitoid complex of Eucallipterus tiliae (Homoptera: Drepanosiphidae) in northern California.
AU: Zuparko-RL; Dahlsten-DL
SO: Environmental-Entomology. 1995, 24: 3, 730-737; 46 ref.
LA: English
AB: Trioxys curvicaudus was imported into northern California in 1970 for control of Eucallipterus tiliae, a pest of Tilia spp. In 1991, it was found no further than 40 km from the release sites, but in this area it is the dominant primary parasitoid attacking the aphid. This limited distribution is attributed mainly to the scarcity of favoured hosts; climatic conditions play a contributory role. In 1992, T. curvicaudus was introduced and established in San Rafael, partially displacing the previously dominant T. pallidus; however, it did not provide satisfactory control of the aphid. Five other primary parasitoids were reared from the aphid: T. tenuicaudus, Aphelinus subflavescens, A. sp. nr. perpallidus, A. automatus [A. fusciscapus] and an undescribed Trioxys species (the latter 3 being new host records). Ten hyperparasitoid species were recovered, with new host records for Pachyneuron californicum and Coruna clavata on Trioxys, Alloxysta xanthopsis on Aphelinus, and a species from the Alloxysta megourae complex on Trioxys and the subgenus Aphelinus (Mesidia). Hyperparasitoid species ranged from patchy to well distributed. Syrphophagus aphidivorus was reared at a significantly higher rate from Aphelinus hosts than Trioxys hosts.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 951113693

Record 10 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1995
TI: Host plant resistance and biological control for linden aphids.
AU: Zuparko-RL; Dahlsten-DL
SO: Journal-of-Arboriculture. 1994, 20: 5, 278-281; 8 ref.
LA: English
LS: French, German
AB: Studies are reported into the resistance of certain species of linden (Tilia sp.) trees to the linden aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae. Field studies conducted in 1991-93 in northern California confirmed that there were greater numbers of aphids on linden species with reduced pubescence (T. cordata and T. europaea) than on a more pubescent species (T. platyphyllos). The number of aphids parasitized by the introduced parasitoid Trioxys curvicaudus - introduced in 1970 as part of a biological control programme - was also greater on the latter species.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 950603685

Record 11 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1992
TI: A contribution to the study of ladybug predators of plant lice (Coccinellidae, Coleoptera).
OT: Prilog proucavanju bubamara predatora lisnih vasi (Coccinellidae, Coleoptera).
AU: Simova-Tosic-D; Vukovic-M; Antic-M
SO: Zastita-Bilja. 1989, 40: 1, 65-72; 10 ref.
LA: Serbo-Croatian
LS: English
AB: Of 7 species of coccinellids found preying on aphids in various localities in Serbia, Yugoslavia, in 1984-86, the commonest were Coccinella septempunctata, Adalia bipunctata and Synharmonia conglobata [Oenoplia conglobata]. Laboratory studies on feeding by S. conglobata were carried out using material originating from colonies of Eucallipterus tiliae on lime [Tilia] in New Belgrade. In a mixed feeding regime in which the larvae received 3rd- or 4th-instar nymphs of E. tiliae, Hyalopterus pruni, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Betulaphis quadrimaculata and Macrosiphum rosae, a larva lived 10.5 days and consumed 164 individuals on average. When the predator received only 1 prey species, 261 individuals were consumed on average and there was no difference in the length of the larval or pupal stages in comparison with mixed feeding.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 921158442

Record 12 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1992
TI: Effects of Mediterranean fruit fly malathion bait spray on the longevity and oviposition of parasitoids of linden and tuliptree aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae).
AU: Daane-KM; Dahlsten-DL; Dreistadt-SH
SO: Environmental-Entomology. 1990, 19: 4, 1130-1134; 16 ref.
LA: English
AB: The longevity of 2 primary parasitoids of aphids, Aphidius liriodendrii and Trioxys curvicaudus, was severely reduced when they were exposed in the laboratory to a malathion bait spray used to eradicate Ceratitis capitata. The longevity of several hyperparasitoids of A. liriodendrii and T. curvicaudus was also reduced. Oviposition of A. liriodendrii was severely reduced on plants that received field applications of malathion bait spray. The parasitoids appeared neither attracted to nor repelled by the malathion bait. Pesticide contact occurred during apparently random searching by the parasitoids. As T. curvicaudus is reportedly responsible for the biological control of its aphid host Eucallipterus tiliae, malathion bait sprays used for C. capitata control may cause an increase in aphid populations by reducing the effectiveness of primary parasitoids.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 921151574

Record 13 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1990-1991
TI: Host specificity of two shade tree aphid parasitoids.
AU: Dahlsten-DL; Hajek-AE; Wilson-M
SO: Pan-Pacific-Entomologist. 1990, 66: 4, 322-323.
LA: English
AB: Trioxys hortorum was found parasitizing Tuberculatus annulatus on Quercus robur in Germany in 1982. The braconid was reared from this aphid and from Eucallipterus tiliae on Tilia cordata in the laboratory. Praon flavinode was also collected from Tuberculatus annulatus in Germany. When offered a choice between T. annulatus on Q. robur, E. tiliae on Tilia cordata and Euceraphis betulae on Betula pendula, females of P. flavinode encountered nymphs of E. betulae more frequently than those of E. tiliae or T. annulatus. More ovipositor insertions occurred than expected with E. betulae.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 911155351

Record 14 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989
TI: Field studies on the honeydew production of two aphid species (Aphidina).
OT: Freilanduntersuchungen zur Honigtauabgabe zweier Zierlausarten (Aphidina).
AU: Heimbach-U
SO: Journal-of-Applied-Entomology. 1986, 101: 4, 396-413; 5 fig.; 44 ref.
LA: German
LS: English
AB: The amount of honeydew produced by Eucallipterus tiliae on Tilia spp. and of Tuberculoides annulatus [Tuberculatus annulatus] on Quercus robur was measured in field studies in the German Federal Republic in 1981-83. The amount of honeydew excreted depended on the site of the host tree and on season, varying between years; it did not appear to be influenced by aphid abundance or weather conditions. During nymphal development, E. tiliae excreted on average 7 mg/individual dried substance and T. annulatus 5 mg/individual. Honeydew production was greatest in the evening. the amount of honeydew per whole tree per year varied between 2 and 50 kg dried substance, the majority being produced in June-July.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 870538047

Record 15 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989
TI: The lime aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae.
AU: Carter-CI; Nichols-JFA; Juniper-B; Southwood-Sir-R; Southwood-TRE; Juniper- B (ed.); Southwood-Sir-R
SO: Insects-and-the-plant-surface. 1986, 342.
PB: Edward Arnold; London; UK
LA: English
AB: Most of the species of limes (Tilia) in the UK have been tested recently for susceptibility to Eucallipterus tiliae; several species that are not at present widely used show promising resistance. Various degrees of leaf pubescence prevent the aphids from reaching the leaf surface, and some species have glandular structures along the veins that appear to inhibit aphid feeding.
PT: Book-chapter
AN: 870540235

Record 16 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1987-1989
TI: Field studies on honeydew excretion and population dynamics of two aphids (Aphidina, Callaphididae) on limes and oaks in relation to honeydew collection by honeybees.
OT: [Summary]
AU: Heimbach-U
SO: Apidologie. 1986, 17: 4, 332-333; Bj.
LA: English, German, French
AB: Populations of Eucallipterus tiliae and Tuberculatus [formerly Tuberculoides] annulatus in the study area near Celle, German Federal Republic, reached a peak in June-July. Populations were higher in every second year than in intermediate years. Aphid numbers varied considerably from tree to tree. The total honeydew flow was affected by several factors and varied from 2 to 50 kg (dry weight) per tree per year, most of which was produced in June-July. The amount of honeydew excreted per aphid also varied. Honeybees did not collect much of the honeydew because it dried quickly. E. tiliae honeydew contained almost equal amounts of sucrose and melezitose, but T. annulatus honeydew contained considerably more sucrose.P. Walker.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 870219861

Record 17 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986
TI: Identification of raffinose in honeydew.
AU: Lombard-A; Buffa-M; Manino-A; Patetta-A
SO: Experientia. 1984, 40: 2, 178-180; B.
LA: English
AB: The presence of small amounts of raffinose in honeydew was demonstrated by means of TLC and GLC after invertase hydrolysis. The method allows the detection of this sugar even in the presence of a high percentage of melezitose. The honeydews analysed were produced by the following aphids and collected in 1978-81; Cinara laricis on Larix decidua, Tuberolachnus salignus on Salix sp., Chaitophorus tremulae on Populus tremula, Eucallipterus tiliae on Tilia cordata, Myzocallis castanicola on Castanea sativa, Aphis craccivora on Robinia pseudoacacia.D.G. Lowe.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 860218319

Record 18 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986
TI: Honeydew producers of Siberia.
AU: Kashkovskii-V
SO: Pchelovodstvo. 1986, No. 3, 19-20; B.
LA: Russian
AB: The life cycles of some aphids are described and the conditions necessary for a honeydew flow to occur are discussed. The properties and composition of honeydew honeys are described briefly. Honey from aspen (Populus tremula) is clear, dark, almost without aroma, and with the taste of apple jam. Willow (Salix spp.) honeydew honey is light brown, with a pleasant aroma. In Siberia the main honeydew-producing aphids are: on Tilia sibirica, Amphorophora ampulata, Aphis sp., Eucerphis punctipennis; on T. cordata, Eucallipterus tiliae; on Populus tremula, Asiphum tremulae, Chaitophorus albus, C. populeti, C. populialbae, C. tremulae, Pachupappa grandis, P. populi, Pterocomma populeum; on Abies sibirica, Aphrasvasia pectunatae, Cinara cistata, C. pectinatae, C. piceae, Mindarus abietinus; on Salix spp., Aphis farinosa, Pterocoma pilosum, P. ringgdahlia, P. salicis, P. xerophilae, Chaitophorus niger, C. salicti. Honeybees do not collect honeydew from aphids on poplar, birch, cedar, pine, acacia, or bird-cherry.D. Galton.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 860218356

Record 19 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986
TI: New North American records of European parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the linden aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae L. (Aphidoidea: Drepanosiphidae).
AU: Hajek-AE
SO: Journal-of-the-New-York-Entomological-Society. 1986, 94: 3, 443-446; 16 ref.
LA: English
AB: The braconid Trioxys tenuicaudus and the aphelinid Aphelinus subflavescens were reared from mummies of the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae collected on little- leaf linden (Tilia cordata) in New York State in June 1985. The aphelinid has not previously been reported from North America. It was also reared from mummies (collected in New York State, California and Oregon) of Myzocallis coryli on Corylus maxima and Corylus sp. and of Tuberculatus annulatus on Quercus robur.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 860537853

Record 20 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986
TI: Some resistance features of trees that influence the establishment and development of aphid colonies.
AU: Carter-CI; Nichols-JFA
SO: Zeitschrift-fur-Angewandte-Entomologie. 1985, 99: 1, 64-67; 3 ref.
LA: English
LS: German
AB: The seasonal changes in soluble amino acids of leaves and their relationship with the annual life cycle of Periphyllus californiensis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Mindarus abietinus and Elatobium abietinum are discussed on the basis of studies carried out in the United Kingdom. It is suggested that trees differing with regard to their phenology or containing certain secondary compounds, as well as those trees with physical barriers that can exclude aphids from feeding (such as Eucallipterus tiliae on lime (Tilia)), could be expoited to reduce aphid problems in plantation forestry.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 850523696

Record 21 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986
TI: A method for quantifying the honeydew production of aphid populations on deciduous trees.
OT: Eine Methode zur Quantifizierung der Honigtauproduktion von Lauspopulationen an Laubbaumen.
AU: Heimbach-U
SO: Mitteilungen-der-Deutschen-Gesellschaft-fur-Allgemeine-und-Angewandte- Entomologie. 1985, 4: 4-6, 296-298; 2 fig.; 1 ref.
LA: German
LS: English
AB: During a study in the German Federal Republic, the honeydew production of Eucallipterus tiliae on Tilia sp. and of Tuberculoides annulatus [Tuberculatus annulatus] on Quercus robur was quantified by collecting the honeydew of individual aphids in tiny plastic dishes clipped under them. These dishes were changed every 3-4 days, so that the total output of an aphid up to the adult stage could be measured as well as that of each instar. During development from the 1st nymphal instar to the adult stage, E. tiliae produced about 10 mg dry weight and T. annulatus about 5 mg. Honeydew production varied according to tree and season. In addition, placing of aluminium foils in the same position and changing them every 2-3 h for several days showed that the output of honeydew in both species varied periodically according to the time of day.
PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article
AN: 850529197

Record 22 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986
TI: Biological control of Eucallipterus tiliae (Hom.: Aphididae) in San Jose, Calif., through establishment of Trioxys curvicaudus (Hym.: Aphidiidae).
AU: Zuparko-R
SO: Entomophaga. 1983, 28: 4, 325-330; 2 fig.; 6 ref.
LA: English
LS: French
AB: Trioxys curvicaudus Mackauer, an introduced parasite that has successfully controlled Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) on Tilia platyphyllos in Berkeley, California, was released on the same tree species in 1978 in San Jose, California, where the aphid was still a pest. The parasite was recovered in San Jose later in the same season and observations in 1979-80 showed that Trioxys curvicaudus had become established and was exercising control of the aphid. Indigenous natural enemies did not appear to afford any control; before the introduction of the parasite, the main limiting factor appeared to have been the occurrence of mean daily temperatures above 22°C.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 840510304

Record 23 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986
TI: Identification of raffinose in honeydew.
AU: Lombard-A; Buffa-M; Manino-A; Patetta-A
SO: Experientia. 1984, 40: 2, 178-180; 1 fig.; 6 ref.
LA: English
AB: The presence of small amounts of raffinose in the honeydew of Cinara laricis (Wlk.), Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmel.), Chaitophorus tremulae Koch, Eucallipterus tiliae (L.), Myzocallis castanicola Baker and Aphis craccivora Koch (all from forest trees) was demonstrated in the laboratory in Italy by means of thin layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography after invertase hydrolysis. The method allows the detection of this sugar even in the presence of a high percentage of melezitose.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 840513612

Record 24 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1984-1986
TI: The protection of urban greenery.
OT: La protezione del verde urbano.
AU: Lozzia-GC
SO: Informatore-Fitopatologico. 1983, 33: 10, 24-29; 9 fig. (6 col.); 8 ref.
LA: Italian
AB: The importance is emphasised of green plants and trees in cities, not only for aesthetic considerations but also for human health, and notes are given on the arthropods that flourish in urban environments without natural enemies and endanger park and roadside trees. The main arthropod pests found in the Cusano Milanino district of Italy in 1980-81 are listed for each tree type, together with the insecticides and date recommended for control treatments. For plane (Platanus acerifolia), the most important pest was Corythucha ciliata (Say), controlled with fenitrothion, temephos or combined applications of diazinon in May and permethrin in August; for elms (Ulmus minor and U. pumila), Xanthogaleruca luteola (Mull.) (Galerucella luteola), controlled with carbaryl (Sevin) or diazinon; for limes (Tilia platyphyllos and T. cordata), Eucallipterus tiliae (L.), controlled with diazinon or fenitrothion, and Eotetranychus tiliarius (Herm.), controlled with fenbutatin oxide (neostanox); and for oaks (Quercus robur and Q. pubescens), Lymantria dispar (L.) controlled with carbaryl or diflubenzuron, and Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.).
PT: Journal-article
AN: 840515108

Record 25 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983
TI: Susceptibility of Tilia species to the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae.
AU: Carter-CI; Visser-JH (ed.); Minks-AK (ed.)
SO: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 1-4 March 1982. 1982, 421-423; 1 fig.; 3 ref.
PB: Pudoc; Wageningen; Netherlands
LA: English
AB: A honeydew problem occurs in most years in the UK on lime trees (Tilia spp.) growing in avenues and as amenity trees as a result of foliage infestations with Eucallipterus tiliae (L.). Studies were carried out on the susceptibility of various species of Tilia to the aphid. T. petiolaris and T. tomentosa, which are species with pubescence that is dense on the underside of leaves but less dense on the main veins, T. maximowicziana, which is a pubescent species with small glandular prominences lying on the leaf cuticle, and T. euchlora and T. mongolica, which are smooth-leaved species with glandular prominences over the minor leaf veins and along the sides of the major veins, all exhibited promising levels of resistance.
PT: Miscellaneous
AN: 830501894

Record 26 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983
TI: Voracity, cannibalism and coccinellid predation.
AU: Mills-NJ
SO: Annals-of-Applied-Biology. 1982, 101: 1, 144-148; 4 fig.; 14 ref.
LA: English
AB: This paper was presented at a meeting of the Entomology Group of the Association of Applied Biologists on natural enemies and insect pest dynamics that was held at the Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, UK, on 27-28 July 1981. Field studies were carried out in the UK in 1977 and 1980 on the response of the coccinellid predator Adalia bipunctata (L.) to the density of its principal prey Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) on lime trees. The numerical response of the coccinellid to aphid density was confined to the range 0-10 aphids/100 cm2, beyond which the voracity of the predator was curtailed due to satiation. Cannibalism was a significant self-regulatory mechanism that increased in intensity as the egg density rose. The resultant reduction in larval density consequently reduced the impact of predation on the prey population.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 820597686

Record 27 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983
TI: Linden aphid parasite establishment.
AU: Olkowski-W; Olkowski-H; Bosch-R-van-den; Van-den-Bosch-R
SO: Environmental-Entomology. 1982, 11: 5, 1023-1025; 1 fig.; 22 ref.
LA: English
AB: Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) is a pest on linden trees (Tilia spp.), which are common as urban shade trees throughout North America. The aphidiid Trioxys curvicaudus Mackauer, which is monophagous on E. tiliae, was imported from Europe and released in 1970 in one street in Berkeley, California, where it became established. Subsequent observations (1970-78) showed that the parasite had effectively reduced aphid populations below the aesthetic injury level.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 820598255

Record 28 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983
TI: Report on forest research for the year ended March 1982.
SO: Report,-Forestry-Commission,-United-Kingdom. 1982, vii + 80 pp.; 4 pl.; many ref.
LA: English
AB: A section on forest entomology (pp. 29-33) of this report from the UK contains brief reviews of research projects on population studies (on Cephalcia lariciphila (Wachtl), Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiff.) and Bupalus piniarius (L.)), food-plant susceptibility (to Elatobium abietinum (Wlk.) and Eucallipterus tiliae (L.)), mating disruption using sex pheromones (against Rhyacionia buoliana (Denis & Schiff.) and P. flammea), chemical control (of P. flammea and Hylobius abietis (L.)) and pheromones and other attractants (for scolytids).
PT: Annual-report
IB: 0-11-710121-4
AN: 830598958

Record 29 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983
TI: Modelling aphid populations.
AU: Barlow-ND
SO: New-Zealand-Journal-of-Ecology. 1981, 4: 52-55; 2 fig.; 19 ref.
LA: English
AB: The application of 2 types of model to aphid populations is discussed, with special reference to Eucallipterus tiliae (L.), a pest of lime [Tilia]. The role of detailed simulation models is briefly reviewed and it is shown that a model of E. tiliae developed in the UK can represent the differing population of the same species in New Zealand. A much simpler, general herbivore/plant model is then applied to E. tiliae in the UK and gives a good agreement with observed data, as did the detailed simulation model.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 820591828

Record 30 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983
TI: The lime aphid in New Zealand (Hemiptera: Aphididae): a first record.
AU: Barlow-ND
SO: New-Zealand-Entomologist. 1982, 7: 3, 314-315; 1 fig.; 6 ref.
LA: English
AB: Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) was found for the first time in New Zealand on leaves of the common lime (Tilia X vulgaris) at Palmerston North in March 1979. The aphid appeared to be well-established, and a mean density of 38/100 cm of lower surface of leaf was recorded on one tree. The biology of the aphid is reviewed from studies in the UK.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 820592176

Record 31 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983
TI: Report on forest research for the year ended March 1981.
AU: O'-Callaghan-DP; Fisher-M; Fairhurst-CP
SO: Report-on-Forest-Research,-Forestry-Commission,-UK. 1981, vii + 97 pp.; 4 pl., 7 fig.; many ref.
LA: English
AB: A section on forest entomology (pp. 38-42) of this report on forest research in the UK contains short reviews of 12 projects on population studies (on Cephalcia lariciphila (Wachtl), Panolis flammea (Denis & Schiff.), Bupalus piniarus (L.) and forest insects imported from Canada), host-plant susceptibility (to Elatobium abietinum (Wlk.), Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) and Cryptococcus fagisuga Ldgr.), biological control (of Cephalcia lariciphila and Rhyacionia buoliana (Denis & Schiff.)), chemical control (of P. flammea) and scolytids (including the synthetic aggregation pheromone of Xyloterus lineatus (Ol.) and chemical attractants for Scolytus scolytus (F.) and S. multistriatus (Marsham)). A section on work done in forest entomology for the Forestry Commission by other agencies (pp. 65-68) contains papers on polymorphism in Elatobium abietinum (by M. Fisher), trap trees to control elm bark beetles (by D.P. O'Callaghan & C.P. Fairhurst) and some effects of latitude on the biology and distribution of elm bark beetles (vectors of Dutch elm disease (caused by Ceratocystis ulmi)) (by S.G. Kirby & C.P. Fairhurst).
PT: Annual-report
IB: 0-11-710120-6
AN: 820595402

Record 32 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983
TI: Pest control on trees under urban conditions.
OT: Schaderreger-Bekampfung an Baumen im urbanen Bereich.
AU: Gundel-L
SO: Mitteilungen,-Biologische-Bundesanstalt-fur-Land-und-Forstwirtschaft,- Berlin-Dahlem. 1981, No. 203, 187.
LA: German
AB: Oxydemeton-methyl, aldicarb and endosulfan applied by various methods (watering into the soil, stem injection or foliage spraying) all gave control of honeydew aphids [Eucallipterus tiliae] on linden in a churchyard. Injection was effective within a few days, whereas watering took effect only after 2 wk.
PT: Abstract-only
AN: 820675032

Record 33 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1982-1983
TI: Abstracts of voluntary papers and poster displays.
AU: Carter-CI; Finlayson-W; Gordon-AG; Fraser-DK; Luke-AGR; Greig-BJW; Hamilton-E; Kennedy-D; Brown-IR; Ross-R; Shaw-MW; Stott-KG; Parfitt-RI; McElroy- C; Towler-RW; Barnes-GC; Wainhouse-D; Carter-CI (et-al); Malcolm-DC (ed.); Evans-J (ed.); Edwards-PN (ed.)
SO: Broadleaves in Britain. Future management and research. Proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Technology, Loughborough [UK], 7-9 July, 1982. 1982, 239-251; 3 ref.
PB: Institute of Chartered Foresters.; Edinburgh; UK
LA: English
AB: A section of 12 abstracts: Carter, C.I. The susceptibility of lime species to the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae. p. 241. Finlayson, W. The contrast between British and French broadleaf management. p. 242. Gordon, A.G.; Fraser, D.K. How to get the best from your seed - seedling production techniques. p.243. Luke, A.G.R. Broadleaves from seed for landscaping and reclamation. p. 243. Greig, B.J.W. English elm regeneration. p. 244. Hamilton, E. The Woodland Trust. p. 245. Kennedy, D.; Brown, I.R. Crown development in Betula pendula L. p. 246. Ross, R. Establishment of broadleaves in Perthshire and Fife. p. 247. Shaw, M.W. The role of natural regeneration in maintaining broadleaved woodlands in Britain. p. 248. Stott, K.G.; Parfitt, R.I.; McElroy, C.; Abernethy, W. Productivity of coppice willow in biomass trials in the UK. p. 249. Towler, R.W.; Barnes, G.C. What future for broadleaved farm woodlands in East Anglia? p. 250. Wainhouse, D. Ecology of beech scale [Cryptococcus fagisuga] in southern England. p. 251 [3 ref.]
PT: Miscellaneous
AN: 820678875

Record 34 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981
TI: Seasonal variation in reproductive potential: a programmed feature of aphid life cycles.
AU: Wellings-PW; Leather-SR; Dixon-AFG
SO: Journal-of-Animal-Ecology. 1980, 49: 3, 975-985; 4 fig.; 35 ref.
LA: English
AB: In laboratory studies in the UK on Metopolophium dirhodum (Wlk.), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Drepanosiphum acerinum (Wlk.), D. platanoidis Schr.), Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) and Euceraphis punctipennis (Zett.), variation in ovariole number occurred within and between generations, aphids of the spring generation having the highest number in each species. Generations with many ovarioles were more fecund than those with few. In those generations showing variability, an individual with a high number of ovarioles was potentially more fecund and reproduced at a greater rate than individuals with few ovarioles. It is suggested that the number of ovarioles is genetically programmed to anticipate seasonal trends in habitat quality.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 800579417

Record 35 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981
TI: Ants of the species Lasius niger (L.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) as indicators of the degree of environmental pollution in a city.
OT: Mrowki Lasius niger (L.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) wskaznikiem stopnia skazenia srodowiska miejskiego.
AU: Czechowski-W
SO: Przeglad-Zoologiczny. 1980, 24: 1, 113-121; 1 fig.; 7 ref.
LA: Polish
LS: English
AB: A study carried out in Warsaw, Poland, on the role of Lasius niger (L.) as an indicator of environmental pollution, these ants being trophically associated with aphids of the species Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) on Tilia spp. in the city, revealed that the vegetation-aphid-ant complex is a good indicator of the degree of pollution in a city environment. Nests of L. niger under the trees were most numerous close to the main streets and a central square, indicating the presence of large numbers of aphids in these trees.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 810579818

Record 36 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981
TI: Interaction of a population of the black-kneed capsid, Blepharidopterus angulatus, and its prey, the lime aphid.
AU: Glen-DM; Barlow-ND
SO: Ecological-Entomology. 1980, 5: 4, 335-344; 7 fig.; 22 ref.
LA: English
AB: The population dynamics of Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fall.) preying on Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) on lime trees (Tilia X europaea) were investigated in 2 sites in Scotland from 1965 to 1974. Numbers of the predator increased or remained stable until 1969, and then declined, at least intermittently. K-factor analysis showed that the key factor was k5+6 (loss of adult females, eggs and newly-hatched nymphs). Detailed study of numbers and mortalities from 1968 to 1971 showed that loss of adult females was the largest part of k5+6. Studies of flight activity showed that most females probably emigrated from the trees before laying eggs, but k5+6 was not related to aphid numbers at the time of peak migration. However, variation in k5+6 depended on the length of time that aphid numbers remained favourable for egg-laying. Because of the consistently high emigration of adult females, B. angulatus numbers increased on average by only 10% when aphid numbers favoured egg-laying. Net emigration was usually high, probably because the trees were isolated or in rows, with few sources of immigrants to the south-west (the direction of prevailing wind). Since the population declined by 85% in years when aphids favoured egg-laying for less than or equal to 20 days, recovery is therefore slow after a bad year. Since 1969, 1971 and 1973 were all bad years, the intermittent decline in B. angulatus numbers after 1969 is thus explained. Simulation showed that neither increased numbers nor faster population growth of B. angulatus would enhance stability of predator and prey populations, but would lead to over-exploitation of the latter. Given the low observed rate of population increase, it was thought unlikely that B. angulatus could persist on lime at levels much above those recorded.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 810580398

Record 37 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981
TI: Population regulation in the lime aphid.
AU: Dixon-AFG; Barlow-ND
SO: Zoological-Journal-of-the-Linnean-Society. 1979, 67: 3, 225-237; 6 fig.; 18 ref.
LA: English
AB: The results of a long-term field study in the UK (from 1965 to 1974) and of laboratory experiments have been used to develop a simulation model of populations of Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) on lime (Tilia spp.). This has shown that the numbers of this aphid are regulated by an interaction between predation and aphid flight. These usually pre-empt regulation by aphid-induced changes in plant quality, causing increased flight and mortality later in the year. The principal predators of this aphid are the immature stages of Adalia bipunctata (L.) and Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fall.).
PT: Journal-article
AN: 800570447

Record 38 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981
TI: The energetics of Megoura viciae reared on different parts of the broad bean plant (Vicia faba).
AU: Llewellyn-M; Qureshi-AL
SO: Entomologia-Experimentalis-et-Applicata. 1979, 26: 2, 127-135; 12 ref.
LA: English
AB: Energy budgets were calculated for Megoura viciae Buckt. living on young and mature bean (Vicia faba) leaves and young bean stems. The aphids did not survive on mature stems. Feeding site variation was considerable, with total energy consumption greatest on young leaves, followed by young stems with aphids on mature leaves feeding 50% less than the average for these premium sites. Average energy consumption was 23.17 cal, of which 59% was production, 10% was lost during respiration and 31% was excreted as honeydew. The energetics of M. viciae, Aphis fabae Scop. and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) are compared and contrasted with that of tree-dwelling aphids such as Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) and Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmel.).
PT: Journal-article
AN: 800570506

Record 39 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981
TI: Simulation of lime aphid population dynamics.
AU: Barlow-ND; Dixon-AFG
SO: 1980, [4+] 165 pp.; 72 fig. 200 X 135 mm; 4 pp. ref.
PB: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation.; Wageningen; Netherlands
LA: English
AB: This further book in a series of monographs on computer simulation in agriculture and related sciences [see RAE/A 64, 6847] describes a systems approach to the population dynamics of Eucallipterus tiliae (L.), an aphid specific to most members of the genus Tilia. Component processes are assembled in a simulation model written in FORTRAN to provide an overall picture of population change that is compared with that observed in the field over a period of 8 years. The system includes the aphid, the lime tree on which it feeds, 2 predators (Adalia bipunctata (L.) and Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fall.)), and 1 other herbivore (Alnetoidea alneti (Dhlb.)). Chapter 2 describes the system and presents the problem in terms of the observed behaviour of the aphid population that the model is intended to recreate. Chapter 3 describes how the model was chosen, its structure, and the submodels representing the various population processes. The model's output is compared with the observed population data in Chapter 4, and in the final chapter conclusions are drawn about the roles of different processes and suggestions are made as to further work required.
PT: Book
IB: 90-220-0706-5
AN: 800573309

Record 40 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981
TI: Actellic for ornamental plants.
AU: Mikhailova-ZA
SO: Zashchita-Rastenii. 1979, No. 1, 38.
LA: Russian
AB: Pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic) is an organophosphorus insecticide with a wide range of effectiveness, and in 1977 a 50% emulsion concentrate was tested against pests of ornamental plants, including those grown in greenhouses, in the Moscow area of the USSR. The concentrations used were 0.1, 0.07 and 0.05%. Preliminary tests showed that the compound was not injurious at 0.1% to 23 species of ornamental trees and bushes and 16 species of greenhouse plants. In tests on pest control, the compound at 0.1% proved effective (98-100% control) against older larvae of Malacosoma neustria (L.), nymphs of Psylla mali Schmidb., nymphs and adults of Eucallipterus tiliae (L.), adults and eggs of Adelges laricis Vall., mobile stages of Eotetranychus tiliarius (Herm.), and older larvae of Caloptilia syringella (F.). It was effective at 0.07% against third-instar larvae of Vanessa polychloros (L.) and nymphs and adults of Tinocallis platani (Kalt.), and at 0.05% against older larvae of Priophorus ulmi (L.) and 1st-3rd instar larvae of Pyrrhalta viburni (Payk.) With oil emulsion, 0.1% of the compound was effective against Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) and gave complete control of A. laricis on ornamental larch in the Moscow district. Complete kill was obtained of various pests on ornamental plants in greenhouses.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 790561269

Record 41 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1979-1981
TI: The control of seasonal changes in the pigmentation of lime aphid nymphs, Eucallipterus tiliae.
AU: Kidd-NAC
SO: Entomologia-Experimentalis-et-Applicata. 1979, 25: 1, 31-38; 3 fig.; 13 ref.
LA: English
LS: German
AB: Nymphs of Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) in the UK on Tilia vulgaris may be found with or without bands of black pigment on the dorsal surfaces of the head, thorax and abdomen. The proportion of pigmented nymphs in a population varies during a season, although first-generation nymphs are always unpigmented. The appearance of the black pigment is found to be induced by both crowding and changes in the leaves associated with leaf maturity. Since the crowding stimulus is also found to be transmitted via the leaf, this suggests that pigmentation may be ultimately controlled by a single plant-borne factor, possibly the nutritional quality of the leaves. The possible significance of this response in the life of the aphid is discussed.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 790562433

Record 42 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978
TI: Comparative studies on the trisaccharide fraction of Tilia cordata leaves, Eucallypterus tiliae honeydew and honeydew honey.
AU: Lombard-A; Belliardo-F; Vidano-C; Patetta-A
SO: Honey plants - basis of apiculture. International symposium on melliferous flora, Budapest, 1976. 1977, 163-171; B.
PB: Apimondia Publishing House.; Bucharest; Romania
LA: English
AB: The leaves (L), E. tiliae (aphid) honeydew (E) and honeydew honey (H) each contained fructose and glucose, turanose and a trisaccharide fraction; sucrose was also present in L and E, and the latter contained tetra- and higher saccharides. Gas chromatographs of the trisaccharide fractions revealed the presence of melezitose and raffinose. The amount of melezitose in E was 11 times as high as in L, and 4 times as high as in H. P. Walker
PT: Miscellaneous
AN: 780207154

Record 43 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978
TI: Factors influencing aggregation between nymphs of the lime aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae (L.).
AU: Kidd-NAC
SO: Ecological-Entomology. 1977, 2: 4, 273-277; 3 fig.; 8 ref.
LA: English
AB: On lime (Tilia) saplings in the glasshouse, aggregation in Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) was influenced by the newly born nymphs staying close to their mother. The aggregations were brought about by gregariousness between first- instar nymphs and their reluctance to move far from their birthplace. As the nymphs matured, they became more wide-ranging and left the aggregation. Dispersal was also promoted by a lack of gregariousness between different instars. Aggregations remained intact only as long as adults continued to produce the relatively sedentary first-instar nymphs. This behaviour is discussed in relation to spacing of the aphids on leaves of the food-plant.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 770550443

Record 44 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978
TI: The influence of population density on the flight behaviour of the lime aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae.
AU: Kidd-NAC
SO: Entomologia-Experimentalis-et-Applicata. 1977, 22: 3, 251-261; 2 fig.; 20 ref.
LA: English
LS: French
AB: The effects of high population density on the flight behaviour of laboratory-reared virginoparae of Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) are described. The aphids showed a heightened flight response to direct crowding and to the effects on the leaves of their food-plant of previous high numbers of aphids. Sensitivity to direct crowding occurred at both the nymphal and adult stages, the effects being additive in determining the likelihood of an aphid flying. The nymphs received information on the state of crowding through the leaf, possibly in the form of salivary substances injected by other aphids and imbibed by the nymphs. The adults responded to the increased tactile stimulation from other aphids brought about by crowding. The significance of this behaviour in the population dynamics of the aphid is discussed.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 780552914

Record 45 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978
TI: Aphid ecology: life-cycles, polymorphism, and population regulation.
AU: Dixon-AFG
SO: Annual-Review-of-Ecology-and-Systematics. 1977, 8: 329-353; 4 fig.; 158 ref.
LA: English
AB: The considerable variations between the life-cycles of different species of aphids are described and discussed, with particular reference to food-plant alternation, polymorphism and reproductive strategies. The problems of studying the population dynamics of aphids are outlined, and accounts are presented (mainly from the literature) of population studies on several species, including Aphis fabae Scop., Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), cereal aphids, Elatobium abietinum (Wlk.), Eucallipterus tiliae (L.), Drepanosiphum platanoidis (Schr.), and Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt.). The influence of parasites on aphid populations is briefly discussed, as are some mathematical models developed to stimulate the development of aphid populations. It is emphasised that for a full understanding of aphid population dynamics, plants must be regarded as an important and variable part of an aphid's environment, and not merely as a source of food. It is also clear that weather (especially the temperature, wind and rain) plays an important role in regulating aphid populations.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 780554382

Record 46 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978
TI: Parasitoid spectrum of the arboricolous callaphidid aphids in Europe (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae; Homoptera, Aphidoidea, Callaphididae).
AU: Stary-P
SO: Acta-Entomologica-Bohemoslovaca. 1978, 75: 3, 164-177; 50 fig.; 25 ref.
LA: English
LS: Russian
AB: The host range in Europe of 18 species that parasitise callaphidids is reviewed and Trioxys tenuicaudus sp.n. is described from the adults of both sexes. This parasite was reared from Myzocallis coryli (Goeze) on hazel and from Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) on lime (Tilia sp.) in Czechoslovakia. Relations between aphids and particular parasite groups are discussed, and it is suggested that T. curvicaudus Mackauer and T. tenuicaudus might be of value for biological control.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 780555751

Record 47 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978
TI: Ecology of the parasites of a predatory bug, Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fall.).
AU: Glen-DM
SO: Ecological-Entomology. 1977, 2: 1, 47-55; 2 fig.; 23 ref.
LA: English
AB: Studies in Scotland showed that on lime (Tilia), Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fall.), a predator of Eucallipterus tiliae (L.), was parasitised by a braconid of the genus Peristenus, which was itself attacked by an ichneumonid hyperparasite of the genus Mesochorus. The emergence and oviposition behaviour of the adult parasites and the growth of their larvae are described. Parasitised examples of B. angulatus were considerably heavier at maturity than normal, and parasitised nymphs ate 2.1 times more prey (measured by dry weight) during their fifth instar than unparasitised nymphs. The growth efficiency of Peristenus was 30-37%. An inverse relationship between percentage parasitism and host density on different trees may have been due to differences in synchronisation.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 770543333

Record 48 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978
TI: Supercooling temperature distribution curves as possible indicators of aphid food quality.
AU: Powell-W
SO: Journal-of-Insect-Physiology. 1976, 22: 4, 595-599; 6 fig.; 13 ref.
LA: English
AB: Supercooling temperature distribution curves for the three aphid species Elatobium abietinum (Wlk.), Drepanosiphum platanoides (Schr.) and Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) were compared. All showed a tendency towards bimodality, and changes in the form of the curves were interpreted in terms of changing nucleator concentration. In the cases of D. platanoides and E. tiliae, the form of the distribution curves for adult samples differed from that for samples of larvae. This was attributed to differences exhibited by adults and nymphs in their choice of feeding sites on the host leaf. The distribution curves for Elatobium abietinum obtained from Sitka and Norway spruces (Picea sitchensis and P. abies) differed according to host plant. Evidence is presented that suggests that ice nucleation in aphids normally occurs in the gut contents and that the quality of ingested phloem sap influences the form of the supercooling temperature distributions.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 760535523

Record 49 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978
TI: Aggregation in the Lime aphid (Eucallipterus tiliae L.) 1. Leaf vein selection and its effect on distribution on the leaf.
AU: Kidd-NAC
SO: Oecologia. 1976, 22: 3, 299-304; ORS; 10 ref.
LA: English
AB: Results of laboratory studies, in which aphids were placed on large (70-100 cm2) or small (18-25 cm2) leaves of Tilia spp., showed that: (1) larger veins were selected for feeding with increasing size of aphid; (2) major veins were selected less frequently with increasing leaf size; (3) aphids of all ages selected major veins on the upper rather than on the lower surface of the leaf; (4) the number of aphids on the leaf did not affect the distribution of the aphids on the veins; and (5) sight plays little or no role in locating major veins, but the antennae do play a part in determining the veins selected. The distribution of aphids on leaves in the field is discussed.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 760631793

Record 50 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1976-1978
TI: Factors affecting leaf vein selection in the Lime aphid (Eucallipterus tiliae L.).
AU: Kidd-NAC
SO: Kidd, N. A. C. : Aggregation in the Lime aphid (Eucallipterus tiliae L.) 1. Leaf vein selection and its effect on distribution on the leaf. Oecologia. 1976, 23: 3, 247-254; ORS; 11 ref.
LA: English
AB: In continued work [cf. preceding abstract] studies were made of (a) the relation between length of the stylets of the aphid and the depth of the phloem, (b) thickness of the sclerenchyma within the veins and its effect on aphid distribution, (c) features of the upper surface of the leaf and their effect on distribution, and (d) the relation between vein selection and orientation of the aphid and predation by anthocorid bugs. Results showed that the vein-selection pattern of E. tiliae was a compromise between the relative benefits and disadvantages of feeding on particular veins of the leaf.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 760631794

Record 51 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975
TI: On the biology and ecology of Synharmonia lyncea Ol. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae).
OT: Zur Biologie und Okologie von Synharmonia lyncea Ol. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae).
AU: Witsack-W
SO: Entomologische-Nachrichten. 1971, 15: 2, 16-20; 6 ref.
LA: German
LS: English
AB: The biology of the rare Coccinellid Synharmonia lyncea (Ol.) was studied in the field and at the northern limit of its distribution laboratory in East Germany in 1965-69. In the field, one adult was found in 1965 at a locality to the north of the Harz mountains. In 1967, three were found in a forest of oak and lime [Tilia], and in 1969 three more were found on rowan saplings 0.5-1.5 m high that were heavily infested with aphids attended by ants. A laboratory stock was derived from adults collected on 15th August 1967 and maintained on a diet of the aphids Aphis fabae Scop. and Myzus persicae (Sulz.). An adult female of the F1 generation that hatched on 10th October paired on 10th December, laid one egg three days later and then resumed egg-laying 26 days later. In the period from 9th January to 6th February 1968, 40 eggs were laid. At 22 deg C, the egg, larval and pupal stages lasted 5-6, 17-27 and 7-12 days, respectively. In the field and laboratory, the Coccinellid preyed on the aphids Dysaphis (Sappaphis) sorbi (Kalt.) and Eucallipterus tiliae (L.). Possible limiting factors for distribution and numbers in the field are discussed.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 740515034

Record 52 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975
TI: Some aphid parasites (Hym., Aphidiidae) from Spain.
AU: Stary-P; Remaudiere-G
SO: Entomophaga. 1973, 18: 3, 287-290; 1 fig.; 3 ref.
LA: English
LS: French
AB: The parasites here recorded attacking aphids in Spain are Aphidius hieraciorum Stary, reared from Nasonovia compositellae subsp. nigra (H.R.L.) (N. nigra) on Hieracium sp., and Trioxys curvicaudus Mackauer from Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) on lime Tilia, neither of which had previously been recorded from that country, A. transcaspicus Telenga, which was reared from Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffr.) on peach, and Lysiphlebus hispanus sp.n., the female of which is described. This last was reared from Protaphis sp. on Artemisia campestris. The junior author erects a new subgenus, Absinthaphis, to include certain species of Protaphis and discusses its characteristics and distribution.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 740518930

Record 53 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975
TI: Searching behaviour and prey-density requirements of Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fall.) (Heteroptera: Miridae) as a predator of the lime aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae (L.), and leafhopper, Alnetoidea alneti (Dahlbom).
AU: Glen-DM
SO: Journal-of-Animal-Ecology. 1975, 44: 1, 115-134; 10 fig.; 17 ref.
LA: English
AB: The area searched by Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fall.) in different instars on the lower surface of the leaves of lime (Tilia) was estimated from speed of movement and range of perception, allowances being made for the distance travelled on the veins of the leaves, time wasted in recrossing tracks, time spent on other parts of the tree, time spent handling prey, and reduction in activity after each feed. The efficiency in capturing aphids (Eucallipterus tiliae (L.)) and leafhoppers (Alnetoidea alneti (Dhlb.)) in different instars was determined. The above components were related to the weights of predator and prey involved [cf. RAE/A 62, 5069]. Aphids and leafhoppers were sufficiently similar for them to be considered together. With this information, a model was constructed to predict the prey densities required by B. angulatus in each instar for optimum development and the prey consumption by B. angulatus in relation to prey density. In the first instar, B. angulatus requires higher densities of prey of most sizes than it does in later instars, and requires higher densities of heavier than lighter prey to enable it to obtain its food requirements, but in later instars these requirements change until in the largest instars they are reversed. Under field conditions, first-instar B. angulatus should require a prey density approximately nine times greater than that required in later instars. The model consistently over-estimates food consumption at high levels of prey density. The reasons for this are discussed.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 750521487

Record 54 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975
TI: The effects of the lime aphid (Eucallipterus tiliae L.) (Aphididae) on the growth of the lime (Tilia X vulgaris Hayne). II. The primary production of saplings and mature trees, the energy drain imposed by the aphid populations and revised standard deviations of aphid population energy budgets.
AU: Llewellyn-M
SO: Journal-of-Applied-Ecology. 1975, 12: 1, 15-23; 2 fig.; 8 ref.
LA: English
AB: Further observations in Britain [cf. RAE/A 60, 2745] showed that the net annual production of lime saplings (Tilia vulgaris) was 23.4 g dry matter/sapling or 17.7 mg/cm2 of leaf upper surface area. The net annual primary production of a mature lime tree 12 m high was calculated by estimating the total leaf upper surface area of the tree and multiplying by dry matter production/cm2 upper leaf surface area of saplings. The mature tree produced an estimated 39.74 kg dry matter/annum. This was converted to calories in order that the energy drain imposed by populations of Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) could be ascertained. Each leaf supported an average of five aphids throughout the season, and their feeding resulted in an energy drain of 19% of the annual net production of the tree. Twenty-six aphids/leaf would be required to drain completely the net primary production of the tree. Revised standard deviations for energy budgets of the aphid are also reported [cf. loc. cit.].
PT: Journal-article
AN: 750525949

Record 55 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975
TI: The effectiveness of the Coccinellid beetle, Adalia bipunctata (L.), as a predator of the lime aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae L.
AU: Wratten-SD
SO: Journal-of-Animal-Ecology. 1973, 42: 3, 785-802; 12 fig.; 18 ref.
LA: English
AB: The author integrates laboratory data on the searching behaviour and survival of the predator Adalia bipunctata (L.) with field observations on the populations of this Coccinellid, the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae (L.), which is its principal prey, and the Cicadellid Alnetoidia alneti (Dhlb.), which it also attacks, on five lime trees (Tilia) in Glasgow. Larvae of Adalia never captured more than 10% of the Cicadellids encountered; as a result of this, and because its density never exceeded 1 individual/100 cm2 of leaf, the Cicadellid constituted a negligible proportion of the predator's diet. Observations on the area covered by larvae, their efficiency in capturing aphids, and their food requirements indicated that first-instar larvae require for survival an aphid density 4.4 times as great as that required by fourth-instar larvae. Ovipositing Coccinellids laid eggs only when there were sufficient aphids for the survival of first-instar larvae (11 small aphids/100 cm2 of leaf) and did not lay proportionately more eggs at higher aphid densities. Calculations of the numbers of aphids removed by Coccinellids indicated that the predator did not influence the timing or intensity of major peaks in aphid numbers, as the larvae soon became satiated. However, the large numbers of larvae present after a peak inflicted heavy mortality and accentuated the population decline, suppressing the production of oviparae.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 740514063

Record 56 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975
TI: The food requirements of Blepharidopterus angulatus (Heteroptera:Miridae) as a predator of the lime aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae.
AU: Glen-DM
SO: Entomologia-Experimentalis-et-Applicata. 1973, 16: 2, 255-267; 4 fig.; 14 ref.
LA: English
LS: French
AB: The predatory Mirid Blepharidopterus angulatus (Fall.) is common on lime (Tilia vulgaris) in Glasgow, Scotland, where its most abundant prey is the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae (L.). The aphid has 4-5 generations a year but the predator had only one. Eggs are laid in late August and September, the nymphs hatch in late May and early June of the following year, and adults are present from late July or early August. Details are given of studies to investigate the number of aphids killed by B. angulatus, the minimum number of aphids required for survival and development, and the nutritional value for the predator of the aphids and other foods available on lime.The weight of aphids (E. tiliae) consumed by B. angulatus increased at an increasing rate during nymphal development; 50% of the total consumption was accounted for by the fifth-instar nymphs. Males and females attained different adult weights, but showed no difference in food consumption. The efficiency of conversion of aphids into body tissues diminished from the third instar onwards. The females oviposited over a period of at least five weeks, laying an average of slightly more than 1 egg/day. The dailt food requirements of the adult females increased with age, being more than twice as great as in the fifth-instar nymphs. The nymphs tolerated a less than optimal food supply, and in the early instars they compensated for an inadequate diet by increased efficiency in the conversion of food into body tissue. Teneral adult weight, however, was proportional to the weight of the food consumed during the fifth instar. The Mirid developed successfully on parasitised aphids and utilised honeydew to prolong survival and, to a limited degree, to increase weight. Leaf tissue had no significance as a source of food.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 740516416

Record 57 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975
TI: Metabolic acclimatization to seasonal changes in temperature in the Sycamore aphid, Drepanosiphum platanoides (Schr.), and Lime aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae L.
AU: Dixon-AFG
SO: Oecologia. 1973, 13: 3, 205-210; ORS; 15 ref.
LA: English
PT: Journal-article
AN: 730611575

Record 58 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975
TI: The effects of the lime aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae L. (Aphididae) on the growth of the lime Tilia X vulgaris Hayne. I. Energy requirements of the aphid population.
AU: Llewellyn-M
SO: The-Journal-of-Applied-Ecology. 1972, 9: 1, 261-282; 9 fig.; 25 ref.
LA: English
AB: The energy budgets of populations of Eucallipterus tiliae (L.) on two mature lime trees in Glasgow, UK, were calculated. It was estimated that each year the aphid population uses 6% of its energy intake in production, 4% in metabolic heat loss and 90% in defaecation and excretion. This pattern varies little during the year. The population turns over the energy equivalent of its standing crop on average 482 times a year and the energy drain imposed on the trees by this energy turnover is 28 055 kcal. It is concluded that E. tiliae is the most important insect species associated with lime trees and that its influence needs to be taken into account when the structure and functioning of woodland ecosystems are discussed.
PT: Journal-article
AN: 720500590

Record 59 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975
TI: The role of intra-specific mechanisms and predation in relating the numbers of the Lime aphid Eucallipterus tiliae L.
AU: Dixon-AFG
SO: Oecologia. 1971, 8: 2, 179-193; ORS; 17 ref.
LA: English
AB: Three trees of Tilia X vulgaris [T. X europaea] (two in Glasgow and one in Dunbartonshire) were used to provide material for analyses of populations of E. tiliae. The studies showed that there is an overcompensated density-dependent factor operating within years, and an inverse density-dependent factor operating between years. Because of its effect on the aphid's rate of development and reproduction, the variation in temperature from year to year acts as a density- disturbing factor. Laboratory experiments did not indicate that food quality influences numbers of the aphid. However, qualitative changes in the aphid after a period of aphid abundance were shown to be important in the overcompensated density-dependent response. The more prevalent insect predators influence the regulating process since they eat most of the aphids remaining after a population has declined from very high numbers. Their action results in a response that is more overcompensated than it would be in their absence. [Cf. FA 33, 6548].
PT: Journal-article
AN: 730604890

Record 60 of 60 in CAB Abstracts 1972-1975
TI: The interval timer, photoperiod and temperature in the seasonal development of parthenogenetic and sexual morphs in the Lime aphid, Eucallipterus tiliae L.
AU: Dixon-AFG
SO: Dixon, A. F. G. : The role of intra-specific mechanisms and predation in relating the numbers of the Lime aphid Eucallipterus tiliae L. Oecologia. 1972, 9: 4, 301-310; ORS; 14 ref.
LA: English
PT: Journal-article
AN: 730605066