Program gas1;
(* esempi DIMOSTRATIVO problemi sui GAS *)
uses crt;
const r=0.082;
VAR
a:integer;
procedure cancella;
begin
clrscr;
end;
procedure pausa;
begin
writeln('premi ENTER ');readln;
end;
procedure fine;
begin
writeln('fine operazione:confermare :premi enter');
readln;
end;
procedure pressione(gas:string;pm:integer);
var p,v,t,g,hg:real;
tk,tc:integer;
begin
writeln('calcolare la pressione in atmosfere e in mmHg ');
writeln('del gas indicato,usando i dati assegnati:R = 0.082 ');
writeln('formula generale PV=mRT/PM ');
writeln('---------------------------------------------------------');
writeln(gas);
writeln('---------------------------------------------------------');
v:=random*100;
v:=abs(v);
v:=round(v)+1;
writeln('volume in litri ----------------=',v:0:0);
t:=random*100;
t:=abs(t);
tc:=round(t)+1;
tk:=tc+273;
writeln('temperatura in gradi centigradi =',tc:0);
g:=random*20;
g:=abs(g);
g:=round(g)+1;
writeln('massa in grammi---------------- =',g:0:0);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
writeln('trasformo gradi centigradi in kelvin :K = 273 +C = ',tk:0);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
writeln('cerco peso molecolare del gas indicato :PM = ',pm);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
p:=(g*R*tk)/(pm*v);
writeln('applico la formula P = m*R*T/PM*V = ',p:0:3);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
hg:=p*760;
writeln('trasformo atmosfere in mmHg : Hg = atmosfere*760 = ',hg:0:3);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
pausa;cancella;
end;
procedure volume(gas:string;pm:integer);
var p,v,t,g,hg,cc:real;
tk,tc:integer;
begin
writeln('calcolare il volume in litri e in cc. ');
writeln('del gas indicato,usando i dati assegnati:R = 0.082 ');
writeln('formula generale PV=mRT/PM ');
writeln('---------------------------------------------------------');
writeln(gas);
writeln('---------------------------------------------------------');
p:=random*100;
p:=abs(p);
p:=round(p)+1;
writeln('pressione in atmosfere ---------=',p:0:0);
t:=random*100;
t:=abs(t);
tc:=round(t)+1;
tk:=tc+273;
writeln('temperatura in gradi centigradi =',tc:0);
g:=random*20;
g:=abs(g);
g:=round(g)+1;
writeln('massa in grammi---------------- =',g:0:0);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
writeln('trasformo gradi centigradi in kelvin :K = 273 +C = ',tk:0);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
writeln('cerco peso molecolare del gas indicato :PM = ',pm);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
v:=(g*R*tk)/(pm*p);
writeln('applico la formula V = m*R*T/PM*P = ',v:0:3);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
cc:=v*1000;
writeln('trasformo litri in cc : cc = litri*1000 = ',cc:0:3);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
pausa;cancella;
end;
procedure gradi(gas:string;pm:integer);
var p,v,t,g,hg,tc:real;
begin
writeln('calcolare la TEMPERATURA in gradi centigradi e kelvin ');
writeln('del gas indicato,usando i dati assegnati:R = 0.082 ');
writeln('formula generale PV=mRT/PM ');
writeln('---------------------------------------------------------');
writeln(gas);
writeln('---------------------------------------------------------');
v:=random*100;
v:=abs(v);
v:=round(v)+1;
writeln('volume in litri ----------------=',v:0:0);
p:=random*100;
p:=abs(p);
p:=round(p)+1;
writeln('pressione in atmosfere P -------=',p:0:3);
g:=random*20;
g:=abs(g);
g:=round(g)+1;
writeln('massa in grammi---------------- =',g:0:0);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
writeln('cerco peso molecolare del gas indicato :PM = ',pm);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
t:=(p*v*pm)/(R*g);
tc:=t-273;
writeln('applico la formula T = P*V*PM/R*m= ',t:0:3);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
writeln('trasformo gradi kelvin in centigradi :C = K - 273 = ',tc:0:3);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
pausa;cancella;
end;
procedure massa(gas:string;pm:integer);
var p,v,t,g,hg,tc,kg,nmoli:real;
begin
writeln('calcolare la MASSA in grammi e Kg');
writeln('del gas indicato,usando i dati assegnati:R = 0.082 ');
writeln('formula generale PV=mRT/PM ');
writeln('---------------------------------------------------------');
writeln(gas);
writeln('---------------------------------------------------------');
v:=random*100;
v:=abs(v);
v:=round(v)+1;
writeln('volume in litri ----------------=',v:0:0);
p:=random*100;
p:=abs(p);
p:=round(p)+1;
writeln('pressione in atmosfere P -------=',p:0:3);
t:=random*100;
t:=abs(t);
t:=round(t)+1;
writeln('temperatura in kelvin---------- =',t:0:0);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
writeln('cerco peso molecolare del gas indicato :PM = ',pm);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
g:=(p*v*pm)/(R*t);
kg:=g/1000;
writeln('applico la formula grammi: m = P*V*PM/R*T= ',g:0:3);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
writeln('trasformo i grammi in Kg : Kg = grammi/1000 = ',kg:0:3);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
nmoli:=g/pm;
writeln('calcolo numero di moli n = massa/PM = ',nmoli:0:3);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
pausa;cancella;
end;
procedure mole(gas:string;px:integer);
var p,v,t,g,hg,tc,kg,pm:real;
begin
writeln('calcolare la PESO MOLECOLARE in grammi per mole');
writeln('del gas indicato,usando i dati assegnati:R = 0.082 ');
writeln('formula generale PV=mRT/PM ');
writeln('---------------------------------------------------------');
writeln(gas);
writeln('---------------------------------------------------------');
v:=random*100;
v:=abs(v);
v:=round(v)+1;
writeln('volume in litri ----------------=',v:0:0);
p:=random*100;
p:=abs(p);
p:=round(p)+1;
writeln('pressione in atmosfere P -------=',p:0:3);
t:=random*100;
t:=abs(t);
t:=round(t)+1;
writeln('temperatura in kelvin---------- =',t:0:0);
g:=random*20;
g:=abs(g);
g:=round(g)+1;
writeln('massa in grammi ---------- =',g:0:0);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
pm:=(g*R*t)/(p*v);
writeln('applico la formula PM = m*R*T/P*V = ',pm:0:3);
writeln('----------------------------------------------------------');
pausa;cancella;
end;
procedure pro1;
begin
pressione('idrogeno H2',2 );pressione('ossigeno O2',32);
pressione('cloro Cl2',70);pressione('azoto N2',28);
pressione('metano CH4',16);pressione('anidride carbonica CO2 ',44);
end;
procedure pro2;
begin
volume('idrogeno H2',2 );volume('ossigeno O2',32);
volume('cloro Cl2',70);volume('azoto N2',28);
volume('etilene C2H2',26);volume('anidride solforosa SO2 ',64);
end;
procedure pro3;
begin
gradi('idrogeno H2',2 );gradi('ossigeno O2',32);
gradi('cloro Cl2',70);gradi('azoto N2',28);
gradi('etilene C2H2',26);gradi('anidride solforosa SO2 ',64);
end;
procedure pro4;
begin
massa('idrogeno H2',2 );massa('ossigeno O2',32);
massa('cloro Cl2',70);massa('azoto N2',28);
massa('etilene C2H2',26);massa('anidride solforosa SO2 ',64);
end;
procedure pro5;
begin
mole('idrogeno H2',2 );mole('ossigeno O2',32);
mole('cloro Cl2',70);mole('azoto N2',28);
mole('etilene C2H2',26);mole('anidride solforosa SO2 ',64);
end;
procedure scelta;
var s,sn:string;opzione:integer;
begin
cancella;
writeln('seleziona opzione :');
writeln('1...calcolo PRESSIONE:dimostrativo');
writeln('2...calcolo VOLUME:dimostrativo');
writeln('3...calcolo TEMPERATURA:dimostrativo');
writeln('4...calcolo MASSA e numero MOLI:dimostrativo');
writeln('5...calcolo PESO MOLECOLARE:dimostrativo');
writeln('9...fine ');
writeln('scelta =');readln(opzione);cancella;
case opzione of
1:pro1;2:pro2;3:pro3;4:pro4;5:pro5;
9:fine;
end;
writeln('altra operazione?Esperimenti?:premi S...fine:premi N '); readln(sn);
if ((sn='S') or (sn='s')) then scelta ;
end;
begin
cancella;
writeln('esempi risolti e commentati di problemi sui gas ');
writeln('applicando la legge generale PV=nRT = gRT/PM ');
writeln('e le formule derivate inverse ');
writeln('terminato questo programma,attiva GAS2 per risolvere problemi');
pausa;
scelta;
end.