STATI..SOVRANI

(.KM²)

VIENNA

300.193.

16.274

TOTALI (manca Islanda)

9.903.930

L'Europa di questa tabella e di questa carta è molto diversa da quella che avremmo potuto vedere un secolo prima, se e quanto molti dati economici a noi non noti o inesistenti come le ferrovie si potessero confrontare. Uno per tutti, anche se approssimativo, lo sviluppo demografico che fu una delle spinte di Napoleone a regolare i conti con le nazioni europee sottopopolate. Anche se popolate (alcune) non contavano nulla come l'Italia, la Spagna (decadenza e divisioni interne) o come la Germania erano politicamente divise  e etnicamente come l'Austria. L'indice demografico fu quindi propedeutico per molte vittorie, fino a quando i suoi avversari non si coalizzarono dopo lo smacco della campagna di Russia. Se la Francia di inizio '700 è raddoppiata, l'Italia è triplicata.

"L'historien sait que la puissance des nations dépend largement du niveau de leur population. La montée en force de la France durant les XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles n'est pas la conséquence du génie de Louis XIV jeune; la France à l'époque est d'abord le pays le plus peuplé d'Europe. Lorsque Bonaparte prend le pouvoir, il impose sa loi à un pays de 28 millions d'habitants, alors que la Russie (27) de l'époque lui est seule comparable. Donc l'historien constate qu'il existe une corrélation entre le nombre des habitants et la majesté du prince." (Georges SUFFERT, 1983).

Che cosa cambia a partire dall’inizio del secolo XVIII (1700) ?. Fra il 700 e l'800 assistiamo ad una crescita costante, sostenuta e irreversibile della popolazione europea che a fine XVIII secolo ('700)  conta già 187 milioni di individui  (140 nel 1750, 270 cento anni dopo; il doppio) contro i 118 !!! di partenza ad inizio '700
- La popolazione inglese che alla metà del 700 non raggiungeva i 6 milioni al momento delle Guerre Napoleoniche era già a circa 9 !! milioni che raddoppiavano entro il 1850 al clou della rivoluzione industriale.
- la Francia da 19 a 27 !!!!!
- l'Italia (quella intera della penisola) da 11 a 17
- la Russia europea da 18  a 27
In 1770 the population of the territory that now constitutes the Kingdom of Italy was in round numbers 16,477,000 inhabitants; at the beginning of the nineteenth century it had grown to 18,125,000; and the census of 1901 showed a population of  32,475,253 inhabitants, implying an average annual increase of 7.38 per cent from 31 December, 1881. On 1 January, 1908, Italy had 33,909,776 inhabitants, being, therefore, the sixth state of Europe from the standpoint of population. The mean density of the population is 307 inhabitants per sq. mile, which is the highest in Europe, after Belgium, Holland, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; but, when it is considered that those countries are agricultural, industrial, and commercial while Italy is devoted essentially to agriculture, and is backward in the development of that industry, its population is shown to be dense, which accounts for emigration. The population, moreover, is very unevenly divided over the territory, according as life is more or less easily supported by the fertility of the soil, by industry, or by commerce. The most crowded population is that of the province of Naples: 3448 inhabitants per sq. mile; after that come the province of Milan, the district of Genoa.
Emigration: Italy is subject to this very important sociological phenomenon, not only on account of over-population, as some believe, but, because capital does not promote industries, which is due to a moral as well as to an economic cause, the former being a lack of confidence between lender and borrower, and the latter, an exaggerated fiscalism and the want of a protective tariff; it is due also to a social cause, namely the subverting theories with which socialism inspires the working classes. These are the true mediate reasons for Italian emigration that produces a lack of labour, and, therefore, economical disorder, which itself is the immediate cause of Italian expatriation; all the other causes, such as the example of relatives and of friends who emigrate, the cheapness of travel, the facility of receiving news and of returning home, and the propaganda of navigation companies are of little consequence, when they do not rest upon economic uneasiness — which has been the determining element of every migratory movement in the world — nor can any human power prevent its effects. The law of 31 January, 1901, regulates emigration, and it is to be hoped that its provisions will remain in force, because the State should not promote, encourage, or guide the currents of emigration.

PRINCIPALI CITTA' DEL MONDO NEL 1913

Nuova York 4.770.000
Tokyo 2.186.000
Chicago 2.185.000
Filadelfia 1.550.000
Pechino 1.500.000
Mosca 1.481.000
Buenos Aires 1.330.000
Osaka 1.226.000
Costantinopoli 1.106.000
Calcutta 1.026.000
Varsavia 856.000
Napoli 723.000
Milano 600.000
Praga 514.000
 

anni emigrati dall'Italia
1876-1880 - 108,797
1881-1885 - 154,141
1886-1890 -  221,977
1891-1895 -  256,511
1896-1900 -  310,435
1901-1905 -  554,050
1906             787,977
1907             704,675
1908             486,674
1909             625.637
1910             651.475
1911             538.844
1912             708.669

http://www.economia.unical.it/storia_economica/materiale_didatt.htm   

 totale 6.110.000

U.S. Immigration Statistics:  Origin (in percentages)

                                                        Northern/ W. Europe     East/Central/ S. Europe     Canada and Latin America    Asia                                                                                                                             

1861-1870       N°      2,314,824                       87.8                         01.4                                             07.2                          02.8

1871-1880                 2,812,191                       73.6                         07.2                                             14.4                           04.4

1881-1890                 5,246,130                    72.0                          18.2                                              08.1                         01.3

1891-1900                 3,687,546                       44.5                          51.9                                              01.1                         01.9

1901-1910                 8,795,386                    31.7                          60.8                                              04.1                         02.8

1911-1920                 5,735,811                   17.4                          58.9                                               19.9                        03.4

1921-1930                 4,107,209                       31.7                  28.7                                   36.9                       02.4

Between 1880 and 1920, some 23 million immigrants came to a country that numbered only 76 million in 1900.  Immigrants made up 15% of the total population in 1900; in the first decade of the 20th century, immigrants constituted nearly 70% of the industrial workforce.  Immigrants were as essential as fossil fuels to the great surge of American industrialism.  Many Americans were distressed by the deluge of foreigners.  Organizations like the American Protective Association and the Immigration Restriction League lobbied Congress for measures to limit the type and number of immigrants, and to impose restrictions based on national origin, religion, and English proficiency.  But the demand for cheap labor, combined with the tradition of America as a haven for the world's poor and oppressed, largely kept such nativistic proclivities at bay.

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