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LANGUAGE ORIGINS

 

Historical-comparative linguistics informs us that Indo-European is a whole dialect languages that they had, and they continues to have (although today more diversified), a common root, belonging to populations already allocated between the IV and the III millennium B.C. between Center-Oriental Europe and of Central Asia confinements. Among this common dialect variety of the Indo-European we have Italic (Latin-Falisque and Osque-Umbrian), Celtic (Gallic, Breton, Gaelic, etc...), Germanic (English, German), Slavic (Russian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian, etc.), Baltic (Lithuanian, Latvian), Macedonian, Greek, Aryan. They are all languages however (except the ario possibly) that in a way or in an other, more or less, they have increased (during the time) the lexicon and structured the linguistic base of the italic people. What has remained of the pre-italic or pre-Indo-European linguistic substratum it is difficult to say it, certainly very little. Perhaps in few words some trace will have remained of it and perhaps some more in the dialectal inflexion.

Toward the II millennium B.C. happened the Indo-European expansion toward the rest of Europe.

The world population has certainly had a growth, decidedly superior, when the man started to become from prey to predator and put it on to the vertex of the food chain. Already in the Neolithic and even more in the Calcolithic, not having rivals in the world if not his similar, it start to showily increase of number, but earth is still so great and the men in proportions still few; up to that it arrives the day when the population reaches the critical number and they began the great migrations. As has happened some millennium later with the barbaric invasions.

Certainly the base from which to depart for speaking of sanmartinese origins is the italic dialect (Latin-Falisque and Osque-Umbrian). The first one because it has given start to the expansion of the Latin in all world of that time, from the Hercules' Columns up to the remote regions of the Persia, Arabia; from England to the whole Africa leaned out on the coasts of the Mediterranean. From the Latin then the languages romances will be evolved. The osque-umbrian instead marks the pre-Roman substratum and therefore it will be the origin and the originality of the local language, rather divided. The Italic populations (of the two groups of above-mentioned dialects) they didn't have the sense of the centralizing state and therefore a common official language, although among them it was not difficult to understand each other. however is easy deduce as the distances in that time they influenced not few the diversification, and not only dialectal.

The samnites is known they occupied the ancient Apennine region denominated Samnium, a vast area divided among Molise, Abruzzo, Campania, Basilicata and one could identify at least four groups: Carecini, Pentri, Hirpini and Caudini.

The same territorialization of Center-Southern dialects betrays a preceding substratum to the Latin. Apulian interrupts it toward the territory of Salento that speaks very near dialects to the Calabrian-Sicilian. As the Tuscan interrupts the chain of Lazio and Central dialects with one its really idiom: the Tuscan [certainly avente a substratum etrusco]. In turn the chain of the Tuscan-Emilian and Ligures Apennine interrupt this language to give life to a dialect variety, respectively: Ligure and Celtic in Padania. The imposing Alps contained so all the italic people in a well defined territory. Protected to North from Alpi and opened by few footsteps forced to East and West but the rest of Italy was exposed to the sea. Rome was forced to the conquest and it is not an error to say that, at least initially, the Roman expansion was dictated by the survival: to win or to succumb. It won, and for centuries the Latin was the official language, also with and after the barbaric invasions. With the end of Rome it was not extinguished Latin that had its filiations in the vernacular and in the well-known languages romances.

Pre-Roman Italy so exposed to the sea suffered the Greek colonization of the coasts. It doesn't seem that this civilization has touched, at least not with intense exchanges, our zones, populated by people of language osque: Frentani, whose city more important it was Larinum.

The Osque had spoken by a big number of populations: Sabini, Brutii, Lucani, Umbri, Piceni, Aurunci, Equi, Volsci, Messapi, Vestini, Campani, Alfaterni, Sidicini, Hernici. More neighbors to our territory they spoke to it Marsi (Fucino Inferior), Marrucini, Peligni (Marsica), and Apuli or Dauni.

Frentani were an Illyrian population, probably allocated them in Molise and in Abruzzo, in a zone that coasts along the Adriatic sea. Other important centers were: Lanciano (Anxanum) and the maritime cities of Ortona (Epineion), Vasto (Histonium).
    They often joined with Samnites. Warlike people, these fierce warriors opposed a brave resistance to the Roman conquest. Their nature after all mirrored their time (perhaps every time): to fight for surviving. They devoted even to the fishing, to the breeding and the agriculture.

Even in the toponymy of Molise today it resounds their name: Montorio nei Frentani, Monti dei Frentani [the series of reliefs that from the North of Molise they continue toward the Northwest of the Abruzzo, inclusive between the Biferno and the Sangro].
    Probably the territory between Biferno and Fortore (Low Molise) already in pre-Roman age will have had alternate events. Anyhow it could be contended really among Apuli, Frentani and Samnites. A free zone in short, as often happens to the confinements, especially if don't have a natural geophysical limitation. And it is really to the confinements that happen some very peculiar things. There can be cultural exchanges, struggles for the possession or for the defense, and, for what interests us, linguistic presence of different dialects.

San Martino in Pensilis had to be born after the Fall of the Roman Empire in this dialect zone osque-latinized however.

 
  

SOME HYPOTHESES

Tria signals that Goths destroyed Cliternia (situated next to the stream Saccione) and some of its inhabitants, saved them from their barbarian destructive fury, found shelter above a hill where they would have built a votive little church to San Martino, bishop of Tour, then revered in all part of Europe. his eponym however gave in Italy to innumerable places, churches and communes. The date of the destruction of Cliternia, always according to the Tria, it is 495 A.D. and it also finds confirmation in other historians that make to go back the installation over the hill between the end V and the beginning of VI sentury. A.D.
    A doubt that can rise spontaneous is: whether to build so away from Cliternia?... It could be a good quarry of building material, already usable, as it is always happened in the Middle Age, and also later.
   In an attestation by pope Pasquale II [1099-1118] sent to the abbot of S. Sofia of Benevento, it is indicated the church of San Martini Episcopi in Biferno, attestation reinstated by Anacleto II [dead in 1143].
lacunose Data Rather. The doubt is that although the Biferno licks the vast sanmartinese territory [the geater of Molise] it is too far, also as a possible eponymous that can identify the little town. Another hypothesis that we could be done is this: the possibility can be considered that were one, two or more distant agglomerations among them, and perhaps even sets on the actual hill. Earthquakes will have been on it and the destruction of some house or little church allowed so the move in the space since to reach the actual hill. The position on the territory, in that times, it was a priority thing and to build in the lowland meant to be more exposed, therefore the plausibility of the hilly choice it was wiser and appropriate. However some house doesn't make a city. The possibility that the inhabitants, initially (for the first centuries) they lived shed for the countries, in the hovels and in the small residences, it is not to exclude. After the destruction of Cliternia the little town would have been able to be born really more than a few centuries after that tragic event; few escaped inhabitants don't make a town and so shed for the territory, together with those local's, their number increased. There were even Monasteries and therefore for the few inhabitants of that time the shelter in case of danger was insured. The problem perhaps came when the country population became remarkable and so it was begun to build on the hill or elsewhere. In that time the life, besides the violence (that it never lacks), it was deeply religious and in fact the patron of San Martino it was a Benedictine monk of the convent of San Felice: St. Leo. It gave shelter to inhabitants of the country in case of danger and/or need.
    It seems that in the zone there has been a conspicuous Benedictine presence that had as center San Martin to which they were subordinate: Santa Maria of Casalpiano near the stream Saccione and the monastery of San Felice. Then the hypothesis, that San Martino as town were born toward 1000 A.D. or over and before it was only an ecclesiastical district, it doesn't seem so wrong. According to this hypothesis of ours, the destruction of Cliternia would have generated only scattered inhabitants for the territory that centuries later, for the growth of their number and for concession of the monastery [probably St. Felice], they had their territory and a place around the little church where they can to build the inhabited area. Surely the Pincera worked to full regime and will be datable really to this period, perhaps also before. Or perhaps it began to work after a move of a certain lived Center. We may, continuing this hypothesis, to suppose that inhabitants of the district had built where initially in the actual place where there Castel Vecchio, above the Pincera. Also this hill was similar to that Sanmartinese, defended by North and Northwest by the conformation of the ground on precipice. The toponym Castel Vecchio gives confirmation of a possible presence of an inhabited center in this zone. It can be that San Martino initially was really the Pincera with its furnaces to which drew material whoever in the zone, included the monastery. Initially it was born by the fusion of artisans of the place: worker of furnaces, blacksmiths, carpenters, millers, farmers...
    With the removal continued of the clayey material [sandstone] the small town Castel Vecchio must to be moved more on, toward the little church, where it already began gradually to form around it some small urban agglomeration.
    There will have been an fortified abode of some squire. The region Rejale with its name should make reference to a building... medieval? In the zone there would have been, however, the possibility of shelter for the inhabitants in case of danger. It doesn't need to forget that the relationship servant-master in the Middle Ages, allowed the inhabitants of the country to shelter them within the wall of the castle [or also of a monastery]. In short the immediate birth of San Martino after the destruction of Cliternia could be unfounded. Surely different centuries will be spent before the real birth of Mezzaterra.

    After the 1000 A.D. surely a probable town was not defined yet, it was not an unity, an unitary inhabited center, it was here and there, with greater centers even on the Sanmartinese hill and on that of Pincera. San Martino was a country whose majority of the residences was country houses, besides the convents and to the squire's building (or buildings).
    This subdivision, with the arrival of Albanian, made notice all its brittleness and inhabitants felt the strong need to create indeed their city; so it was born (or it was expanded showily) the old village: Mezzaterra.    Evidently the name would indicated a territorial division and the inhabitants were forced to create a defined place for avoiding bothers from these foreigners in their territory. The papers are played by the men of power, of that time, and Sanmartinese alone would not have been able to do nothing against decisions came from the top. Then, the first years (or centuries if we want to say so) would have been soaked with grudge toward this abuse and territorial expropriation.
     In my modest and brief terrestrial experience, of infant and teen-ager, I remember the blows that the young AND impetuous Sanmartineses exchanged with the Albanian of Chieuti, only for the fact to be Albanian or for some trifles. The stranger, the different, seems that has not had good reception and taken root in the sincere heart of the Sanmartinese. An atavistic intolerance for the above-mentioned suffered wrong. The territorial division since that time, being made by masters, for these it was completely indifferent that the servant was Albanian or Sanmartinese; thing that for the latter it made really instead the difference. The Corze d'i Carre oddly, over that to San Martino it is also done in the near neighboring Albanian countries: Portocannone, Ururi, Chieuti. But it doesn't it to Campomarino [town of Albanian origin] that it is more in there of Portocannone and more next to the sea and to the district of Termoli. The Corze there is not even to Montecilfone that is territorially too far and therefore distant from the stories of the above-mentioned territorial division. Guglionesi, over the Biferno, although is not Albanian, it doesn't even practise it. Equally Larino, although there is some village fairs with parades of cart hauled by oxen. Evidently the Corze d'i Carre properly said, as it appears today, it has refered to the arrival of the Albanian in our territory and, since it rather seems unlikely to make to go back it to an overseas importation, we can justly think that it represents a compromise a mutual acceptance. [Some as it happens in the parade demonstrations between India and Pakistan today]. The Corze d'i Carre represented a tie for the pacts of the territorial division.
    I think that the hard Sanmartinese character, at times merciless, is forged really in base to that event. It is obvious today the matter is irrelevant, as it can be a drop in a glass of water, but in the old times it had to be something of really important, conclusive. The Corze has appeared in that period on a preceding tradition, perhaps similar to that Larinese. The competition takes the place with the arrival of Albanian. Previously it is probable there could be only a procession of carts hauled by oxen or a Corze without competition. And as all the traditional things (dialect above all) it loses, evolving itself to go back, in the time, in the imaginary religious osque-samnitic

The Middle Age is caracterized from the prolific construction of fortresses, castles, convents and the church played a role determined in the conflicts. Our zone, besides to have been invaded by the Goths, passed then to longobards, to Norman, to Swabians, it saw to pass the hordes of Hungarians, Saracen raids, etc... in short it was an enough animated zone. Toward 1000 d.C. it had to appear as a pullulation with country houses, woods, monasteries, fortresses, buildings of local squires. Although there was not, as to the North, the formation of a real commun life, is had to consider the life medieval that continued after 1000 d.C., with to the center the squire's building or the monastery, hinge of the whole activity that there developed it.

    In the period as soon as following the barbaric invasions surely the hill had to appear to the occasional traveller as a territory for the most wooded and uncultivated, where shed inhabitants in the district perhaps, only for necessity, practised the agriculture. Surely they were not all Cliternians. The few huts formed in the time a small village and so, only after 1000 d.C., it is begun to speak about of a place called San Martino in P. But place doesn't want to say town.

    The Sanmartinese country civilization remained shaken certainly, hit unawares by the arrival of arbreshes. After all the population, really because devoted to the rural life, they lived lost for the countries and it didn't feel the need of an urban agglomeration that contained them or protected them yet. In case of danger there was always the possibility to shelter them in convents or in squires' buildings.
    Probably the hill could have only some workshop as carpenter's, blacksmith's, a mill, while for the bricks and tiles factory there was the Pincera. The manorial economy still reigned in the zone and the exchanges they always happened to its inside, a self-sufficient community, all of this of which need was had produced and consumed it in the country. After all we can imagine in that times peasants, scattered for a vast territory as that Sanmartinese, they had wants to return, after their hard daily job, to the village, with means (and excavated roads) that there were then!
San Martino, we can say, was born really with the arrival of Albanian, as if suddenly they have perceived to have an identity if nothing else a necessity: to defend themselves from the foreigner. At least so the popular mind warned this intrusion. 
     This birth of the village toward the XV-XVI sent. is also guaranteed by the fact that in the documents or in the chronicles of that time the natural disasters as the earthquakes, antecedent to this period happened in the zone [that destroyed completely Ururi, Portocanduni, Magliano, Maglianello, etc... in 1456], there is no mention about of destruction or structural impairment of a village that it was above our hill. If its district, including different villages, is been destroyed because a destruction has not been reported or at least the damage of a center with the name San Martino?... Simply because it didn't exist and if it doesn't exist, it cannot be damaged or destroyed. Elementary Watson!... *******

OTHER HYPOTHESES

[1] - An medieval settlement existed on the hill (even if at present they there are not sources that confirm it) that it was destroyed (or seriously damaged) by the earthquake of 1456 or from that precedent. San Martino could be a little rustic feud as that where was situated the small church Santa Maria in Auròle built toward 945 and then destroyed, around which had origin the inhabited area of Ururi.

[2] - It is possible that San Martino was only the ducal building (baronial), whose hill seems the only place (for topographical location) where the whole surrounding territory could be controlled. It needs to also consider the fact that the confinements of a territory can change in the time and, certainly, for that it concerns the medieval period it is difficult to establish them a priori. This can make to suppose that the actual Sanmartinese country, in past, it was vast and even subdiveded among smaller vassals. There could be two, three buildings (or castles) and some convents. Casale Aurio, Portocandesium and San Martino can be the three smaller feuds and on the hill there was the principal building. The earthquake of 1456 destroyed so the popular residences (built badly and with shoddy material) of the Sanmartinese district  but not the baronial building, with its mighty walls, built with rule of art.

[3] - Considering the enormous lapse of time (about one millennium) among the Fall of Cliternia (495 d. C) and the first inadequate news (between the XV and XVI century), the dynamic presence of an urban agglomeration can be supposed; that is a center (sets on the hill) that it existed according to the historical, geopolitical or geophysical events (earthquakes and pestilences). A pestilence can destroy a country and to push the inhabitants survivors to leave away but, still more, the earthquakes (according to the statistics, every about fifty years there is one important of it). Perhaps the country has had really medieval origins but during the millennium (now specified) the possibility that the hill had been (different times) shaken by an earthquake it is very probable. It is effortless to think that if some times it was reconstructed, it can be that other times (even for enough long periods) it was avoided to do it. In short there would have been on the hill, an aggregation and a disaggregation continuing during the time, with the people that remained always however in their surrounding country. When the earthquake of 1456 happened, the country it didn't exist or it had not been reconstructed yet.

CHRONICLE

476 A.D. - Fall of the Western Roman Empire, with its (more symbolic) removal of Romolo Augustolo by Odoacre. It begins the period of Early Middle Ages.

493. A.D. - It Died betrayed Odoacre and Teodorico (king of Ostrogoths) taken the power, founding so the Kingdom of Italy. Amalasunta (wife of the dead Ostrogoth king ) it governed in name of the under age child Atalarico up to the 534 A.D. The Ostrogoth Kingdom included the whole Italy (included Sicily) and it extended it to east up to the Danube and to west up to the Provence.

495 A.D. - Destruction of Cliternia (this reports Tria) situated near Saccione.

554-556 A.D. - The «justinian plague » I decimate the population in Italy.

568 A.D. - The longobards of Alboino began the exodus in mass (a real migration) penetrating in Friuli, in Veneto, in Lombardy (what from them takings the name) up to Pavia (what it became the capital of the Italic Kingdom). Their kingdom was not something unitary but he shattered, already from the beginning, in various dukedoms which have their boundaries in the temporal territory of the popes, dividing them in two principal stumps: the dukedoms of the Center-North (of Pavia, of Spoleto, etc...) and those of the Center-South (of Benevento, of Capua, etc...). In fact the history of the longobards of the Center-South has its evolution almost autonomous and will continue for other two centuries (up to the arrival of the Norman) while the dukedoms of the Center-North suffered the defeat of the Franks.

774 A.D. - Desiderio was dethroned by Charles Magno and Longobards of Center-North were subjugaded by Franks. The fate of the Italian politics begins so to gravitate around the two poles: Sacred Roman Empire (800-1806) and Papacy.

827 A.D. - Termoli was attacked by the Saracens that, coming from Sicily, devastate the Apulia and Low Molise.

842-851 A.D. - Still Saracen raids in the zone of Low Molise.

899 A.D. - The Hungarian defeating Berengario I (marquis of Friuli) they had green light with their raids. They began in spring and finishing in the summer, avoiding so the sieges, for which they were not equipped. The Hungarian were used since that time also as mercenary soldiers by the potentates.

927  A.D. - Termoli was attacked again by the Saracens

928  A.D. - Termoli was invaded by the Slavics

937-947 A.D. - The Hungarian and the Saracens devastate the zone of Low Molise.

955 A.D. - Ottone I defeated the Hungarian harshly to Lechfeld (near August, Bayern) forcing them in the territories of the Danubius, in the region (Hungary) that then from them takings the name.

X-XI sec. A.D. - It begins to speak of a Suburb (country) whose name is San Martino. In this period it begins the installation of the Norman in the South. During the Norman period San Martino begin to make part of County of Loretello that be give then (by the homonym Count) to the Abbey of Montecassino and after, in 1182, to belong to the Dukedom of Benevento.

1027  A.D. - Rainulfo Drengot had, as debt of thankfulness, the county of Aversa from the longobard dukes. And from here it begins the Norman adventure in the South of the peninsula. To him the brothers of Hauteville were added (from the name of their feuds Hauteville-le-Guichard in France) Roberto the Guiscardo (1057-1085) and Ruggero (1062-1101) that they were inserted, with astuteness and initiative, in the struggles among the longobard dukedoms of Center-South, drawing great profit and ample territories of it up to conquer the whole longobard territory. Ruggero also succeeded in sending away the Arabs from the Sicily.

1088  A.D. - There was an devastating earthquake in Molise.

1095 A.D. - It begins the first crusade.

1117 A.D. - Termoli is damaged from an earthquake

1125 A.D. - Another devastating earthquake in Molise.

1137 A.D. - It called Portocandesium a center already founded in 1046 (near the actual town cemetery of Portocannone) from Latin populations.
Termoli suffered the looting from troops of Lotario III.

1194-1226 A.D. - (Swabian period) the Lords of San Martino were counts Montagano. In the 1194 Termoli is ransacked by Crusaders (of the third crusade) and from the troops of Enrico VI Hohenstaufen

1210 A.D. - Termoli was attacked and ransacked by Ottone IV of Brunswick.

1240 A.D. - The Venetian militias, supporting the Pope, against Federico II, destroyed Termoli after having ransacked it. It is really of this period the re-construction of Swabian Castle and the fortification of their walls.

1284 A.D. - Carlo II ordered to the inhabitants of San Martino [country or village] not to molest the inhabitants of Casale Aurelio [the next Ururi].

1320 A.D. - In the regesta of this year exists  the place called Casale Aurio or Orerio  (Ururi).
The name of Portocandesium was changed in Portocanduni.

1323 A.D. - Termoli suffered an epidemic of plague and the King Robert d'Anjou it exempted the remained citizens for five years by the tributes.

1346-1348 - A terrible and deadly epidemic strikes whole Europe, the so called «black plague».

1362 - Subsequently to an earthquake, Giovanna I of Naples exempted  from tax the reliefs of inhabitants of Orerio [Ururi].

1433-1434 - Giovanna of Durazzo governed San Martino that had the same feudal stories of the near Guglionesi. It is not known well for waht but in the imaginary of our old men even that name resounds "I tejembe d'a reggina Geuanne". They say that in the Rejale district (evocative name certainly) there had been one abode of his (castle), destroyed then from the earthquake (sunk, according to popular voices, perhaps for the crumbling of the sandstone rock above which it was built). Such a spectacular earthquake to be left the sign in the memory for centuries. In effects the queens with the name Giovanna they were two:
- Giovanna I d'Anjou - queen of Naples (1343-1381)
- Giovanna II d'Anjou-Durazzo - queen of Naples (1414-1435).

1456 - A great earthquake destroyed Casale Aurio [Ururi] provoking the exodus in mass of its inhabitants. The places of Portocanduni, Casacalenda, Magliano, Maglianello, etc... they were also destroyed... San Martino is not mentioned [?], while Termoli remained to a large extent destroyed and its Cathedral suffered serious damages.

1461 - Ferrante I de Aragon, child and heir of Alfonso, to overcome the struggles with the Angevin faction, called in help George Castriota Skanderbeg, tied by a debt of thankfulness, to have been helped in turn by Alfonso against the sultan Mohammed II (1451-1481). Castriota sent to Ferrante a big contingent of soldiers followed by they families 

1463 - Following an appeal of the king of Naples, Ferrante I, and of pope Pio II, the bishops of Larino, which the feud of Ururi belonged, favored the settlement of Albanian groups, penetrated in the kingdom with the third migration (1461-1470).

1464 - Albanian populations establish them in the country of Termoli.

1465 - The bishops of Larino assigned Ururi to the Albanian settlers.

1468 - George Castriota Skanderbeg died In Alessio during the resistance against the Turk invasion. The rich families of Musacchio, Tanassi, Peta ran away from Albania and they were added to the groups settled in Molise.

1484 - Venetians, in war against Ferdinando de Aragon, attack again Termoli bringing (as in precedence in 1240) mournings, lootings and devastation.

1495 - Andrea di Capua (duke of Termoli) got the feud San Martino that followed so the stories of the Termoli up to 1806.

1539 - Passing the time, Contrasts with inhabitants of near villages grew and the Albanian of Ururi they were expelled from the place and their houses were burned.

1550 - Slavic settlements in San Felice, Montemitro, Acquaviva, S. Giacomo.

1556 - Ottoman Turks of Solimano I (said the Magnificent) devastated Pescara, Ortona, Vasto and Termoli (2 August of 1566) whose population didn't oppose resistance (considering the preceding experiences) and to approach of some Turkish helmets they quickly abandoned the city searching shelter in the countries and in Guglionesi. Termoli plundered of every thing.

1570 - There is a drastic depopulation of Termoli (from 239 fires up to 65).

1625 - Another awful earthquake devastated Low Molise and Termoli with its Cathedral and Castle were seriously damaged.

1627 - Still an earthquake.

1647 - The revolution of Masaniello and the Kingdom disorders of 1647 brought devastations; in 1656 the plague raged in the small center Ururi, that was abandoned.

1703 - In July Termoli was besieged by Austrian soldiers of archduke Carlo but the population don't surrended and incited by their bishop Michele Petirro it opposed a brave defense, with just 25 Spanish soldiers of garrison. Filippo V compensated the city with the remission of the tributes for 4 years.

1798 - 1799 - The parish register of dead of Santa Maria delle Graziet for a long time  annotated different deaths happened with violence at Ururi, probably (as in past) for the intolerance of Italian inhabitants of the near villages. Ururi is inserted in the Movement Sanfedista and the five Albanian communities of the zone, taking the arms they devastate and they raid cities and countries. Albanian, inhabitants of Ururi and Larino, conducted by Michelangelo Fiocco of Portocannone they ransacked Casacalenda.

1807 - Ururi became part of the district of Larino.

1811 - Ururi and Termoli, from Capitanata,  enter to belong to the Contado of Molise.

1818 - Gaetano Meomartino with to head of a gang of armed men it ransacked the countries. Slaughter of Vardarelli

1821 - Earthquake in Low Molise.

1837 - A pestilence strikes Termoli.

1847 - King Ferdinando of Bourbon allows the Termoli to widen building extra moenia (out boundaries).

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The historian Gianbattista Masciotta furnishes us these data:

Sanmartinese population 

Fires [***] 166 year 1532
Fires 253 year 1545
Fires 292 year  1561
Fires 215 year  1595
Fires 215 year  1648
Fires 110 year  1669
Inhabitants 1500: year  1730
Inhabitants 1500 year  1795
Inhabitants 2642 year  1835
Inhabitants 3966 years  1861 - 1881
Inhabitants 4862 year  1901
Inhabitants 5031 year  1911

[***] - Anciently, fire was said house, family, family nucleus (especially in the censuses): the population is numbered numbering it for houses or fires (BECCARIA)

 



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