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Heavy metals determination in water

1. Copper
   1. 1. Photometric methods
      2. Electrochemical methods
         1. Cu(II) SW Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with a Hg-based SPE
            1. (I)
            2. (II)
         2. Cu(II) SW Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with a Gold-based SPE
         3. Cu(II) SW Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with BDD Electrode

Copper

Photometric methods

Copper(II) can be photometrically determined by measuring the absorbance of its cuprizone-complex. The blue Cu(II)-cuprizone complex has a maximum absorbance at 600 nm. The picture on the left shows a pre-packaged kit cell where a 5 mg/L Cu(II) sample reacted with cuprizone in ammoniacal medium. The reaction cell will be inserted into a photometer in order to read the absorbance and translate it to a concentration value.

Electrochemical methods

Cu(II) SW Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with a Hg-based SPE

(I)

Method : SW ASV Scan range : -1.1 V - 0.15 V Cond : -0.2 V Deposition  : -1.1 V Standbye  : -0.15 V Step : 0.003 V Pulse :  0.028 V Freq. : 15 Hz Conditioning time : 60 secs Deposition time : 120 secs Equilibration time : 30 secs Standard additions : 0.5ml (1mg/L)

(II)

Cu(II) SW Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with a Gold-based SPE

(This Gold-based SPE is from University of Florence)

Method : SW ASV Scan range : 0.0 V - 0.400 V Cond : 0.5 V Deposition  : -0.5 V Standbye  : 0.5 V Step : 0.003 V Pulse :  0.028 V Freq. : 15 Hz Conditioning time : 60 secs Deposition time : 120 secs Equilibration time : 30 secs Standard additions : 1ml (0.1mg/L)

A test sample was quantitatively determined with parameters given above. The test sample was known to have a  25 µg/L Cu2+  concentration.

Cu(II) SW Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with BDD Electrode

Method : SW ASV Scan range : -0.6 V - 0.0 V Deposition  : -0.6 V Standbye  : 0.0 V Step : 0.003 V Pulse :  0.028 V Freq. : 15 Hz Deposition time : 120 secs Equilibration time : 30 secs Standard additions : 0.1ml (1mg/L)