Family MEGALAIMIDAE

Psilopogon pyrolophus  FIRE-TUFTED BARBET.  Forest.  Lowlands to 2200 m in Malay Pen. and Sumatra.
Megalaima virens  GREAT BARBET.  Forest.  Himalayas, 900-3000 m from extreme n Pakistan e through n India, s Tibet and Burma to s China, nw Thailand, n Laos and n Vietnam.
Megalaima lagrandieri  RED-VENTED BARBET.  Forest.  Lowlands to 2100 m in n,s Laos and Vietnam.
Megalaima zeylanica  BROWN-HEADED BARBET.  Woodland, farmlands, towns.  Lowlands and Himalayan foothills to 1500 m of India.
Megalaima lineata  LINEATED BARBET.  Woodland, second growth, orchards, towns.  Lowlands to 1000 m in ne India, Burma, Thailand, n,c Malaya and Indochina; Java, Bali.

Megalaima viridis  WHITE-CHEEKED BARBET.  Woodlands, towns.  Lowlands and hills to 2300 m of sw India.
Megalaima faiostricta  GREEN-EARED BARBET.  Woodland.  Lowlands to 1000 m in extreme se China.
Megalaima corvina  BROWN-THROATED BARBET.  Forest.  Java.
Megalaima chrysopogon  GOLD-WHISKERED BARBET.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1500 m in Malay Pen., Sumatra and Borneo.
Megalaima rafflesii  RED-CROWNED BARBET.  Forest.  Lowlands in Malay Pen., Sumatra and Borneo.
Megalaima mystacophanos  RED-THROATED BARBET.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m in Malay Pen., Sumatra and Borneo.

Megalaima javensis  BLACK-BANDED BARBET.  Forest.  Lowlands and hills of Java.
Megalaima flavifrons  YELLOW-FRONTED BARBET.  Forest.  Lowlands and hills to 2000
m of Sri Lanka.
Megalaima franklinii  GOLDEN-THROATED BARBET.  Forest.  Foothills and mts. 600-2400 m in ne India, sw China, Burma, Thailand, n,c Laos, n,c Vietnam and Malaya.
Megalaima oorti  BLACK-BROWED BARBET.  Forest.  Mts. 600-2000 m in s China, se Vietnam, s Laos, Malaya and Sumatra.
Megalaima asiatica  BLUE-THROATED BARBET.  Woodland, open forest, gardens.  Lowlands to 2000 m from Himalayan foothills of n Pakistan and n,e India to s China and s to Burma, nw,sw,pen. Thailand, n Laos and n Vietnam.

Megalaima monticola  MOUNTAIN BARBET.  Forest.  Mts. of n Borneo.  Has often been treated as a race of M. asiatica; here considered to be an allospecies of asiatica.
Megalaima incognita  MOUSTACHED BARBET.  Forest. Lowlands to 1800 m in s Burma, nw,ne,se Thailand and Indochina.
Megalaima henricii  YELLOW-CROWNED BARBET.  Forest.  Lowlands to 750 m in Malay Pen., Sumatra and Borneo.
Megalaima armillaris  FLAME-FRONTED BARBET.  Forest.  Lowlands and hills of Java and Bali.
Megalaima pulcherrima  GOLDEN-NAPED BARBET.  Forest.  Mts. of n Borneo.

Megalaima australis  BLUE-EARED BARBET.  Forest, woodland.  Lowlands to 1500 m from n,c India and sw China s through Burma, Thailand, Indochina and Malaya to Sumatra, Java and Bali.
Megalaima eximia  BORNEAN BARBET.  Forest.  Mts. of Borneo.
Megalaima malabarica  CRIMSON-FRONTED BARBET.  Forest, woodland.  Lowlands to 1300 m of sw India from Goa to Kerala.
Megalaima rubricapilla  CRIMSON-THROATED BARBET.  Forest, woodland.  Sri Lanka.  Often treated as a race of M. malabarica.
Differs from malabarica in plumage and allopatry (B. King, pers. comm.).

Megalaima haemacephala  COPPERSMITH BARBET.  Open woodland, towns, farmlands.  Lowlands to 2000 m from Pakistan, India and sw China s throughout se Asia to Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Java, Bali and Philippines.
Calorhamphus fuliginosus  BROWN BARBET.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1100 m in Malay Pen., Sumatra and Borneo.

Family LYBIIDAE

Gymnobucco calvus  NAKED-FACED BARBET.  Forest.  Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Gabon, Congo and s to extreme w Zaire and w Angola.
Gymnobucco peli  BRISTLE-NOSED BARBET.  Forest.  Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, s Cameroon and s to Gabon, Congo, nw Zaire and Cabinda.
Gymnobucco sladeni  SLADEN'S BARBET.  Forest.  C. Afr. Rep. and Zaire, except se.
Gymnobucco bonapartei  GREY-THROATED BARBET.  Forest.  S Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, s C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire and s Sudan s to sw,cs,se Zaire, extreme n Angola, cw Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda and w Kenya.
Stactolaema leucotis  WHITE-EARED BARBET.  Humid forest edge, second growth, riparian woodland.  C,se Kenya s through Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi and e Zimbabwe to e S. Africa.

Stactolaema anchietae  ANCHIETA'S BARBET.  Savanna, primarily miombo.  In Angola, sc,se,ce Zaire and w,n Zambia.
Stactolaema whytii  WHYTE'S BARBET.  Savanna, primarily miombo, woodland.  E of Rift V. in s Tanzania and e Malawi; w of Rift V. in extreme se Zaire, n,e Zambia, sw Tanzania, w Malawi, ec Zimbabwe and extreme wc Mozambique.
Stactolaema olivacea  GREEN BARBET.  Forest.

S. o. olivacea.  Ce Africa in se Kenya, c,e,s Tanzania, Malawi and n Mozambique.
S. o. woodwardi.  Se Africa disjunctly in se Tanzania and e S. Africa in Natal.

Pogoniulus scolopaceus  SPECKLED TINKERBIRD.  Forest, savanna, woodland, thickets, farmlands.  Se Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, s C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire, Uganda and w,c Kenya and s to nw Angola and cs,ce Zaire.
Pogoniulus coryphaeus WESTERN TINKERBIRD.  Humid forest.  Mts. in three disjunct areas:  highlands of se Nigeria and Cameroon; cw,sw Angola; ne,ce Zaire, sw Uganda and Rwanda.
Pogoniulus leucomystax  MOUSTACHED TINKERBIRD.  Forest.  Mts. in e Uganda, w,c,s Kenya, e,s Tanzania, Malawi and extreme e Zambia.
Pogoniulus simplex  GREEN TINKERBIRD.  Forest.  Uganda, se Kenya s through e,s Tanzania and s Malawi to sc Mozambique.

Pogoniulus atroflavus  RED-RUMPED TINKERBIRD.  Forest.  Lowlands and mts. to 2400 m in Senegambia, s Mali, Sierra Leone, se Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Cabinda, se C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire and w Uganda and s to nw Angola and sc,ce Zaire.
Pogoniulus subsulphureus  YELLOW-THROATED TINKERBIRD.  Humid forest, edge.  S Mali, Sierra Leone, se Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Nigeria, c,s Cameroon, Bioko I., s C. African Rep., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Cabinda and n,ne Zaire to w,s Uganda and s to sw,sc,ce Zaire.
Pogoniulus bilineatus  YELLOW-RUMPED TINKERBIRD.  Forest, edge, savanna, scrub.

P. b. leucolaima.  From Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau, se Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Bioko I., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep., Zaire, s Sudan, w Uganda and w Kenya and s to n Angola, n Zambia and w Tanzania.  Sometimes treated as a separate species but interbreeds with bilineatus in Rwanda and Burundi.
 P. b. bilineatus.  From e Uganda and c,se Kenya s through Rwanda, Burundi, w Tanzania, Zanzibar and Mafia islands, Malawi, e Zambia, Mozambique and e Zimbabwe to e S. Africa.  Includes makawai which was based on a single specimen from nw Zambia and is now treated as an aberrant individual or a hybrid with an undetermined species.

Pogoniulus chrysoconus  YELLOW-FRONTED TINKERBIRD.  Savanna, forest edge, riparian woodland.  S of Sahara in Mauritania, Senegambia, s Mali, Burkina Faso, s Niger, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, C. Afr. Rep., s Chad and s Sudan to w,c Ethiopia, ne Zaire, Uganda, w Kenya, w,s Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, n Namibia, s Angola, n,e Botswana and ne S. Africa.
Pogoniulus pusillus  RED-FRONTED TINKERBIRD.  Woodland, savanna.  In se Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, e Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya and n Tanzania; extreme s Mozambique and e S. Africa.
Buccanodon duchaillui  YELLOW-SPOTTED BARBET.  Forest, woodland.  Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Cabinda, s C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire, Uganda, w Kenya, w Tanzania and sw,sc,ce Zaire.

Tricholaema hirsuta  HAIRY-BREASTED BARBET.  Forest, second growth.

T. h. hirsuta.  S Mali, Senegambia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, se Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, c,e Cameroon, s C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire, extreme sw Sudan, Uganda and w Kenya s (e of flavipunctata) to n Angola, cs,ce Zaire and extreme nw Tanzania.
T. h. flavipunctata.  From w,s Cameroon s through Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, sw C. African Rep. and extreme sw Zaire to nw Angola.

Tricholaema diademata  RED-FRONTED BARBET.  Acacia savanna.  In se Sudan, c,sw Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and n,c Tanzania.
Tricholaema frontata  MIOMBO BARBET.  Acacia savanna, especially miombo, scrub.  In wc,e Angola, Zambia, se Zaire, sw Tanzania and n Malawi.
Tricholaema leucomelas  PIED BARBET.  Acacia savanna, scrub.  W,s Angola, sw Zambia, Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe and sw Mozambique s to s S. Africa.
Tricholaema lacrymosa  SPOT-FLANKED BARBET.  Acacia woodland, especially near water.  In ce,ne Zaire, extreme se Sudan, Uganda and w,c,se Kenya s through Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania to ne Zambia.

Tricholaema melanocephala  BLACK-THROATED BARBET.  Acacia woodland, dry scrub.  In extreme se Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya and ne,ec Tanzania.
Lybius undatus  BANDED BARBET.  Woodland, bush.  Highlands, 1000-2500 m, of Ethiopia and Eritrea.
Lybius vieilloti  VIEILLOT'S BARBET.  Savanna, thorn scrub.  Sw Mauritania, Senegambia, s Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, s Ghana, s Nigeria, s Niger, sc Cameroon, C. Afr. Rep., s Chad and c,s Sudan to nw Ethiopia, Eritrea and ne Zaire.
Lybius leucocephalus  WHITE-HEADED BARBET.  Open savanna, esp. with fig trees.  From n Nigeria and Cameroon e through s Chad, C. African Rep., s Sudan, n,ne Zaire and Uganda to w,c,se Kenya and n Tanzania; Angola.  Includes senex and albicauda which hybridize with one another and with leucocephalus, but the three groups differ vocally and morphologically.

Lybius chaplini  CHAPLIN'S BARBET.  Open woodland, esp. with figs.  Sc Zambia.
Lybius rubrifacies  RED-FACED BARBET.  Bush, especially Combretum, gallery forest.  In sw Uganda, extreme nw Tanzania and Rwanda.
Lybius guifsobalito  BLACK-BILLED BARBET.  Open savanna, riparian woodland.  In se,ce Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, extreme ne Zaire, Uganda, w Kenya and Tanzania.
Lybius torquatus  BLACK-COLLARED BARBET.  Open savanna, riparian woodland.  N Angola, se Zaire, se Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, coastal se Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, s Angola, ne Namibia, n,se Botswana and e S. Africa.

Lybius melanopterus  BROWN-BREASTED BARBET.  Savanna.  Lowlands from s Somalia s through se Kenya and e,s Tanzania to e Malawi and ne Mozambique.
Lybius minor  BLACK-BACKED BARBET.  Humid forest edge, thickets, riparian, woodland, gallery forest.  In s Gabon, sw Congo, extreme w Zaire and w Angola; in ne Angola, sc,se Zaire, s Burundi, sw Tanzania, Zambia and nw Malawi.  The race L. m. macclounii is often regarded as a separate species, but there is a wide area of intergradation in nw Angola and sw Zaire.
Lybius bidentatus  DOUBLE-TOOTHED BARBET.  Woodland, forest edge, second growth, gallery forest.  S Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, c Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep., s Sudan and w,sc Ethiopia and s to nw Angola, sw,n,ne,ce Zaire, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, n Tanzania and w Kenya.

Lybius dubius  BEARDED BARBET.  Dry savanna.  S. Mauritania, Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau, s Mali, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, sw Niger, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon and sw Chad to w,n C. African Rep.
Lybius rolleti  BLACK-BREASTED BARBET.  Dry savanna, farmlands, figs.  In s Chad, n C. African Rep., s Sudan, extreme ne Zaire and w,n Uganda.
Trachyphonus purpuratus  YELLOW-BILLED BARBET.  Forest, edge, second growth.  Sierra Leone, s Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, s C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire, extreme se Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and w Kenya and s to nw Angola and sw,cs,ce Zaire.
Trachyphonus vaillantii  CRESTED BARBET.  Wooded savanna, thorn bush, riparian woodland.  W,c Angola, Zambia, Malawi, se Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Tanzania s to Zimbabwe, Mozambique, ne Namibia, n,e,se Botswana and e S. Africa.

Trachyphonus margaritatus  YELLOW-BREASTED BARBET.  Arid bush, scrub, towns.  S Mauritania, c Mali,  e through s Niger, extreme ne Nigeria, s Chad and c,s Sudan to n,c Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and nw Somalia.
Trachyphonus erythrocephalus  RED-AND-YELLOW BARBET.  Thorn savanna, dry scrub, arid areas with termite mounds.  In se Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, e Uganda, Kenya and ne Tanzania.
Trachyphonus darnaudii  D'ARNAUD'S BARBET.  Thorn savanna, acacia steppe, towns.

T. d. usambiro has been treated as a separate species (e.g., Sibley and Monroe 1990:67).  Although there are vocal differences and a geographic gap between usambiro and the other forms of darnaudii, the East African List Committee recommend the treatment proposed by Short and Horne (1985. Proc. Intl. Symp. African Vertebrates (Bonn), pp. 255-278).
(D. A. Turner, pers. comm.).  Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993) agree.
 T. d. darnaudii.  Se Sudan, c,s,se Ethiopia s Somalia, Uganda, Kenya and ne Tanzania.
 T. d. usambiro  USAMBIRO BARBET.  Thorn savanna.  Serengeti area of sw Kenya and nw Tanzania.

Family RAMPHASTIDAE
Subfamily CAPITONINAE
Capito aurovirens  SCARLET-CROWNED BARBET.  Riverine forest, edge, tall second growth, usually near water.  Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes in se Colombia, e Ecuador, e Peru, and w Amazonian Brazil e to r. Negro and lower R. Solimões.
Capito maculicoronatus  SPOT-CROWNED BARBET.  Humid forest, edge, second growth.  Lowlands to 1000 m in Panama and w Colombia.
Capito squamatus  ORANGE-FRONTED BARBET.  Humid forest edge, second growth.  Lowlands to 1500 m in sw Colombia and w Ecuador.
Capito hypoleucus  WHITE-MANTLED BARBET.  Humid forest.  Foothills, 200-1500 m of c Colombia.

Capito dayi  BLACK-GIRDLED BARBET.  Humid forest.  Locally in lowlands in w Amazonian Brazil in e Amazonas, Rondônia and nc Mato Grosso; and ne Bolivia in ne Santa Cruz.
Capito quinticolor  FIVE-COLORED BARBET.  Humid forest, edge, tall second growth.  Lowlands to 100 m of w Colombia.
Capito niger  BLACK-SPOTTED BARBET.  Humid forest, second growth, swampy woodland.  Lowlands to 1300 m e of Andes in s Venezuela, Guianas and ne Brazil; from e Colombia and extreme s Venezuela s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Capito brunneipectus  BROWN-CHESTED BARBET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands of nc Brazil.  Differs from niger in voice and morphology (R. Ridgely, pers. comm.).

Eubucco richardsoni  LEMON-THROATED BARBET.  Humid forest, edge.  Lowlands to 1200 m e of Andes from se Colombia s to e Ecuador, e Peru, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.
Eubucco bourcierii  RED-HEADED BARBET.  Humid forest, edge, second growth.  Locally in highlands, 400-2400 m in Costa Rica, w,e Panama, and from Colombia s through w,e Ecuador to n Peru.
Eubucco tucinkae  SCARLET-HOODED BARBET.  Humid forest, edge.  Andean slopes in e Peru and n Bolivia in n La Paz.
Eubucco versicolor  VERSICOLORED BARBET.  Humid forest, edge.  Andes in e Peru and wc Bolivia.
Semnornis frantzii  PRONG-BILLED BARBET.  Humid forest, edge, open woodland.  Mts., 500-2450 m, in Costa Rica and w Panama.

Semnornis ramphastinus  TOUCAN BARBET.  Humid forest, edge.  On w slope of W. Andes in sw Colombia and w Ecuador.

Subfamily RAMPHASTINAE
Aulacorhynchus prasinus  EMERALD TOUCANET.  Humid forest, edge, open woodland.  Highlands of Mexico from se San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas and Quintana Roo s through C. America to nc Nicaragua and highlands, 800-3000 m, in Costa Rica and Panama; mts. of S. America from Colombia and w Venezuela s along e slope of E. Andes through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia.
Aulacorhynchus sulcatus  GROOVE-BILLED TOUCANET.  Humid forest, edge, second growth, towns.  Mts., 600-2000 m, in ne Colombia and w Venezuela.
Aulacorhynchus derbianus  CHESTNUT-TIPPED TOUCANET.  Humid forest.  Mts., 600-2400 m, in Pantepui of s Venezuela, adjacent n Brazil and w Guyana; along e slope of Andes in e Ecuador, e,c Peru and n Bolivia.

Aulacorhynchus haematopygus  CRIMSON-RUMPED TOUCANET.  Humid forest, edge, second growth, hedgerows.  Mts., 300-2100 m, in Colombia, nw Venezuela and w Ecuador.
Aulacorhynchus huallagae  YELLOW-BROWED TOUCANET.  Humid forest.  Known only from type locality at 1850 m in n Peru.
Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis  BLUE-BANDED TOUCANET.  Humid forest.  Andes, 1700-2600 m in e Peru and n Bolivia.

Pteroglossus inscriptus  LETTERED ARACARI.  Humid forest, edge, palm groves, often near water.  Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes from se Colombia s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and Amazonian, e Brazil.
Pteroglossus viridis  GREEN ARACARI.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 600 m in s Venezuela, Guianas and ne Brazil.
Pteroglossus bitorquatus  RED-NECKED ARACARI.  Humid forest. Lowlands in Amazonian Brazil and extreme e Bolivia.
Pteroglossus azara  IVORY-BILLED ARACARI.  Humid forest, edge, woodland, generally near streams.  Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes from e Colombia and s Venezuela s to e Ecuador and nw Amazonian Brazil.
Pteroglossus mariae  BROWN-MANDIBLED ARACARI.  Humid forest.  Lowlands e of Andes in e Peru, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil e to Rio Purús.  May be conspecific with azara.
Pteroglossus castanotis  CHESTNUT-EARED ARACARI.  Riverine forest, second growth, gallery forest.  E of Andes from e Colombia, e Ecuador and Amazonian,se Brazil s to e Peru, n,e Bolivia, Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Pteroglossus aracari  BLACK-NECKED ARACARI.  Humid forest, edge, open woodland, second growth, savanna, usually near water.  In e Venezuela, Guianas and e Brazil.
Pteroglossus torquatus  COLLARED ARACARI.  Humid forest, edge, second growth, woodland.  Lowlands to 1500 m from Venezuela, Oaxaca, Chiapas and Yucatán Pen. s to e Panama, n Colombia and w,n Venezuela.
Pteroglossus frantzii.  FIERY-BILLED ARACARI.  Humid forest, edge, open woodland.  Pacific lowlands to 1500 m in Costa Rica and w Panama.
Pteroglossus sanguineus  STRIPE-BILLED ARACARI.  Humid forest, edge, second growth.  Lowlands to 1000 m of extreme s C. and nw S. America in extreme e Panama, w Colombia and nw Ecuador.
Pteroglossus erythropygius  PALE-MANDIBLED ARACARI.  Humid forest, edge.  Pacific lowlands of w Ecuador.
Pteroglossus pluricinctus  MANY-BANDED ARACARI.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 900 m e of Andes from e Colombia and s Venezuela s through e Ecuador to ne Peru and n Brazil.
Pteroglossus beauharnaesii  CURL-CRESTED ARACARI.  Humid forest.  Lowlands e of Andes in e Peru, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.

Baillonius bailloni  SAFFRON TOUCANET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands of e,se Brazil.

Andigena laminirostris.  PLATE-BILLED MOUNTAIN-TOUCAN.  Humid forest.  Andes, 300-3200 m in sw Colombia and w Ecuador.
Andigena hypoglauca  GREY-BREASTED MOUNTAIN-TOUCAN.  Humid forest.  Andes, 2700-3400 m in s Colombia, e Ecuador and e Peru.
Andigena cucullata  HOODED MOUNTAIN-TOUCAN.  Humid forest.  Andes, 2000-3300 m in se Peru and wc Bolivia.
Andigena nigrirostris  BLACK-BILLED MOUNTAIN-TOUCAN.  Humid forest, thickets, usually near water.  Andes 1200-3200 m in nw Venezuela, Colombia and ne Ecuador.

Selenidera spectabilis  YELLOW-EARED TOUCANET.  Humid forest, edge.  Lowlands to 1500 m from nc Honduras s to Panama and n,w Colombia.
Selenidera reinwardtii  GOLDEN-COLLARED TOUCANET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1200 m in se Colombia, e Ecuador and ne Peru; in e Peru, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.
Selenidera nattereri  TAWNY-TUFTED TOUCANET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 300 m in s Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana and nw Amazonian Brazil.
Selenidera culik  GUIANAN TOUCANET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 900 m e of Andes in se Venezuela, Guianas and n Brazil.
Selenidera maculirostris  SPOT-BILLED TOUCANET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands in w Amazonian,se Brazil and ne Argentina in Misiones.

Selenidera gouldii  GOULD'S TOUCANET.  Humid forest.  Locally in lowlands of extreme ne Bolivia; ne Brazil.
The following six species = the dicolorus superspecies.  Most hybridize to varying degrees
where they meet or overlap.  R. citreolaemus, R. culminatus and R. vitellinus are often treated as conspecific.
The name "R. osculans" represents a population with unstable characters where the ranges of culminatus and vitellinus meet and interbreed.
Ramphastos sulfuratus  KEEL-BILLED TOUCAN.  Humid forest, edge, woodland.  Lowlands to 1600 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from se San Luis Potosí, Puebla, Veracruz, n Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas and Yucatán Pen. s to Honduras, on both slopes of Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama and in n Colombia and nw Venezuela.

Ramphastos brevis  CHOCO TOUCAN.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m along Pacific coast of w Colombia and nw Ecuador.  A record from e Panama is questionable.
Ramphastos citreolaemus  CITRON-THROATED TOUCAN.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 900 m in n Colombia and w Venezuela.
Ramphastos culminatus  YELLOW-RIDGED TOUCAN.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1700 e of Andes from e Colombia and w,s Venezuela s to e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil in Amazonas and Mato Grosso.
Ramphastos vitellinus  CHANNEL-BILLED TOUCAN.  Humid forest, usually near water.  In e Venezuela, Guianas, Trinidad and nw Amazonian Brazil.  R. aurantiirostris is believed to be a color morph of vitellinus.

Ramphastos dicolorus  RED-BREASTED TOUCAN.  Humid forest.  Lowlands in se Brazil, Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Ramphastos swainsonii  CHESTNUT-MANDIBLED TOUCAN.  Humid forest, edge.  Lowlands to 2000 m on Caribbean slope of Honduras and Nicaragua, on both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama and in n Colombia and w Ecuador.
Ramphastos ambiguus  BLACK-MANDIBLED TOUCAN.  Humid forest, edge.  Lowlands and mts. to 2400 m from Colombia and nw,n Venezuela s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador to n Peru.
Ramphastos tucanus  RED-BILLED TOUCAN.  Humid forest, edge, usually along rivers.  Lowlands to 1100 m e of Andes in e Colombia, n,se Venezuela, Guianas and Amazonian Brazil.

Ramphastos cuvieri  CUVIER'S TOUCAN.  Forest, edge, woodland, usually along rivers.  Nc S. America e of Andes from se Colombia and s Venezuela s to e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.  Includes inca from the upper Río Beni, Bolivia.  R. cuvieri often lumped with tucanus, but hybridization between them seems to be limited.
Ramphastos toco  TOCO TOUCAN.  Woodland, second growth, palm groves.  Lowlands e of Andes from Guianas s through Amazonian, n,e,se Brazil, extreme se Peru, n,e,se Bolivia and Paraguay to n Argentina.

Sibley's Classification  - 7