The first literate inhabitants of Mesopotamian referred to as the land of sumer are Sumerians.

Sumer is the birthplace of the first known civilization that flourished between 3500bc and 1900bc.

The economy of Sumer was based on agriculture, which eventually led to major technological advances in Mesopotamian history. A significant invention of the Sumerians was the wheel, which was first made of solid wood. Early homes in Sumer were huts made from boundles of reeds.

Due to the shortage of stone, homes were eventually made of sun-backed mud bricks. sumerians probably ploughed with stone and cut with clay sickles in the beginning, eventually using metal ploughs with the development of metal working skill.

The manufacturing of pottery and other products could have led to specialization and trading by barter.

Sumerians had no money system except for the weighing of precious and semi-precious metals.

Sumerians wrote on clay tablets and used a complicated script called cuneiform (wedge shaped). With a form of writing, Sumerians documented transactions and agreements of all kinds.