divides the big task of host to host networking into a vertical STACK
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7 LAYERS (from top to botton)
7
APPLICATION
6
PRESENTATION
5
SESSION
4
TRANSPORT
3
NETWORK
2
DATA LINK
1
PHYSICAL
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1)Control is passed from one layer to the next (starting at the application layer in one station) proceeding to the botton layer, over the channel to the next station and back up the hierarchy.