Phylloscopus amoenus  SOMBRE LEAF-WARBLER.  Forest.  Kulambangra I. in the c Solomon Islands.
 Seicercus:  Warblers.  Mt. forest.  S, se Asia, w Indonesia.  10-12 cm. 12 rectrices.  Bill broad with long rictal bristles.  Plumage above greenish, brownish; below gray/white/yellow; most species have black stripes on the sides of the crown; often a black eyestripe; crown rufous, yellowish or greenish; some with white or yellow eyerings; rump yellow, white, greenish; tail may have white webs to outer rectrices; most have one or two yellowish wingbars.  Food insects taken from foliage, by 'hawking' or by hovering in front of foliage or flowers; rarely berries.  Nest a ball of green moss, leaves, etc. on the ground in a hollow, crevice, on a bank or in a tree hole; eggs 4-5, unspotted white.

Seicercus burkii  GOLDEN-SPECTACLED WARBLER.  Evergreen forest, bamboo thickets.  Himalayas, 1800-3700 m in n India, se Tibet, c,se China, w,n Burma and n Vietnam in Tonkin.
Seicercus xanthoschistos  GREY-HOODED WARBLER.  Evergreen forest, pines.  Himalayas 1000-1900 m in n India from n Punjab and Kashmir e to Arunachal Pradesh, s to Khasi Hills, Manipur and Nagaland, se Tibet and w,ne,s Burma.
Seicercus affinis  WHITE-SPECTACLED WARBLER.  Evergreen forest.  Himalayas 1400-2300 m in ne India from e Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to n Assam, Manipur and Nagaland; se China in Fukien, n Burma and s Vietnam in s Annam.

Seicercus poliogenys  GREY-CHEEKED WARBLER.  Himalayas 600-3100 m in ne India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, s to Bangladesh, Manipur and probably Nagaland; sc China in w Yunnan, ne Burma, n Laos and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Seicercus castaniceps  CHESTNUT-CROWNED WARBLER.  Evergreen forest undergrowth.  Himalayas 750-2500 m in ne India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, s China in se Yunnan and nw Fukien, w,ne,e Burma, nw,pen. Thailand, n,s Laos, Vietnam, Malaya and Sumatra.
Seicercus montis  YELLOW-BREASTED WARBLER.  Forest.  Mts. 1000-2200 m in Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Lesser Sundas (Flores, Timor), Philippines (Palawan), and w Papuan islands of Waigeo and Misool.

Seicercus grammiceps  SUNDA WARBLER.  Forest.  Mts. 1000-2200 m of Sumatra, Java and Bali.
Tickellia hodgsoni  BROAD-BILLED WARBLER.  Forest.  Himalayas, 1100-2700 m in ne India from Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland (probably Manipur), w Burma, n Laos, and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.

10 cm.  10 rectrices; bill broad with long rictal bristles.  Plumage olive-green above; rump yellowish; forehead and crown rufous; lores and face gray with short dusky supercilium; chin, throat, breast dark gray; belly, crissum yellow; inner web of two outer rectrices white.  Food insects, probably gleans and flycatches.  Nest oval with entrance near top, composed of dry bamboo leaves, etc.  Eggs 3(?), reddish with darker reddish spots, streaks, speckles.  Sometimes placed in Abroscopus.

Abroscopus:   Warblers or Flycatcher-Warblers.  8-9 cm.  Differ from Seicercus in having 10 rectrices instead of 12.  Tickellia sometimes included in Abroscopus.  Open forest, scrub, bamboo; hills and mts. of s, se Asia.  Food insects.
Abroscopus albogularis  RUFOUS-FACED WARBLER.  Forest, bamboo.  Himalayan foothills, 300-1800 m in ne India from Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Bangladesh, Manipur and probably Nagaland, se China from s Szechwan, Hupeh and Fukien s to sw Yunnan, Kweichow, Kwangsi and Hainan I., w,n Burma, nw Thailand, n Laos and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Abroscopus schisticeps  BLACK-FACED WARBLER.  Forest, scrub, bamboo.  Himalayas, 1500-2500 m in ne India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Cachar Hills, Manipur and probably Nagaland, se Tibet, sc China in s Szechwan and n Yunnan, w,ne,e Burma and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.

Abroscopus superciliaris  YELLOW-BELLIED WARBLER.  Bamboo, second growth, usually riparian.  Foothills to 1600 m from ne India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, sw China in w Yunnan, s through Burma, Thailand (exc c,ne) and Indochina to Malaya, Sumatra, Java and Borneo.
 Hyliota:  Hyliotas.  Affinities uncertain, sometimes placed in Muscicapinae.  Woods, forest; c,s Africa.  Food insects gleaned from foliage, flowers, branches.  Nest a small cup of moss, stems, lichens in a tree; eggs 2-3, dull white/grayish, with brown/lilac/yellowish spots and speckles.
Hyliota flavigaster  YELLOW-BELLIED HYLIOTA.  Woods.  In Senegambia, s Mali, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Zaire, C. Afr. Rep., s Chad, s Sudan and w Ethiopia, s to s Angola, s Zambia, Malawi, n,s coastal Mozambique, w,s Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and w Kenya.

Hyliota australis  SOUTHERN HYLIOTA.  Brachystegia woods, forest.  C,s Angola, se Zaire, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique (exc. ne) and extreme ne S. Africa in Transvaal; locally in forest in s Cameroon, ne Zaire, Uganda, w Kenya and ne Tanzania.
Hyliota violacea  VIOLET-BACKED HYLIOTA.  Forest.  Locally in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C. Afr. Rep., Rwanda and sw,nc,ce Zaire.

Subfamily MEGALURINAE:  Grassbirds, Fernbirds, Songlarks, Spinifex-bird, Thicketbirds.  Grass, swamps, bamboo, savanna, undergrowth. Africa, Asia, s,sw Pacific islands, Australia, New Zealand.
 See Dromaeocercus seebohmi  Grey Emu-tail, under Acrocephalinae.  This species has been assigned to the Megalurinae as Amphilais seebohmi (Parker 1984. Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 104:11-16), but its affinities are uncertain.  It seems unlikely that the two similar species, D. brunneus and seebohmi, both endemic to Madagascar, belong to different genera.  See comments pertaining to the two species of Dromaeocercus under Acrocephalinae.  The affinities of these species are uncertain.

Megalurus:  Grassbirds.  Reedbeds, marshes, grassland.  E,s,se Asia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand.

12-25 cm.  Differ in size, but plumages similar.  Brown or brownish-buff above, streaked with black; rump with or without streaks; whitish or buffy supercilium; whitish/buffy below, some with dark streaks or spots on breast; crissum buffy, rufescent, whitish; tail long, graduated, brown with dark shaft streaks.  Food insects.  Nest an open cup of grass, may be partly domed (gramineus), in deep grass, reeds; eggs 2-3, white or pinkish with reddish spots, speckles.

Megalurus pryeri  MARSH GRASSBIRD.  Reedbeds.  Ne China in e Liaoning and ne coastal Hopeh, and Japan on Honshu.
Megalurus timoriensis  TAWNY GRASSBIRD.  Wet coastal heath, rank grassland, swamps, farms.  Philippines, Sulawesi, Timor, Ambon, New Guinea (lowlands and mts. to 4100 m), New Britain, coastal n,e Australia from ne W. Australia in the Kimberleys e to Queensland and s to New South Wales near Sydney.
Megalurus palustris  STRIATED GRASSBIRD.  Canegrass, bamboo, brushy thickets, swamps.  Lowlands to 1520 m in ne Pakistan in Punjab, India from Punjab e to Nepal, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh, Orissa, W. Bengal and se Bangladesh, s China in Yunnan, Kwangsi and s Kweichow, Burma, c Thailand, Indochina, Java, N. Borneo (since 1982) and the Philippines.

Megalurus albolimbatus  FLY RIVER GRASSBIRD.  Reedbeds, marsh.  Lowlands of the Middle Fly River area of se New Guinea.
Megalurus gramineus  LITTLE GRASSBIRD.  Dense swamps, marsh, mangroves, reedbeds, canegrass.  New Guinea (one record in the Wissel Lake area, presumable resident), sw Australia in sw W. Australia from Carnarvon s to Esperance Bay, and c,e Australia from sw N. Territory and s Queensland n to Atherton Tableland, s to se S. Australia in the Flinders Range, Victoria, Tasmania and s New S. Wales.
Megalurus punctatus  NEW ZEALAND FERNBIRD.  Swamps, fernland, scrub.  New Zealand, Stewart I., Codfish I., Snares Is., small adjacent islands.  Formerly in Bowdleria.  DNA hybridization comparisons show that this species is a Megalurus.

Megalurus rufescens  CHATHAM ISLANDS FERNBIRD.  Formerly Chatham Is., probably extinct since ca. 1900.
Cincloramphus cruralis  BROWN SONGLARK.  Open treeless plains, farms, pastures, grassy woods, scrub.  Australia, exc. n fourth, tropical ne and sw W. Australia.
Cincloramphus mathewsi  RUFOUS SONGLARK.  Open grassy woods, scrub.  Australia except dense forest and treeless areas; absent from ne Queensland, Nullarbor Plain and sw,nw W. Australia.
Eremiornis carteri  SPINIFEX-BIRD. Tall spinifex and tall grass, often riparian or on rocky ground.  Arid coastal and inland cw Australia, incl. islands off W. Australia, e across c,s N. Territory to cw Queensland.

Buettikoferella bivittata  BUFF-BANDED GRASSBIRD.  Forest.  Timor I. in the Lesser Sunda Is.
Megalurulus mariei  NEW CALEDONIAN GRASSBIRD.  Grassland, open heath.  New Caledonia.
Megalurulus grosveneri  BISMARCK THICKETBIRD.  Forest undergrowth, bamboo.  Whiteman Mts., ca. 1600 m on New Britain I., cs Bismarck Archipelago.  Known from two specimens.  Sometimes treated as a race of M. whitneyi.
Megalurulus llaneae  BOUGAINVILLE THICKETBIRD.  Forest undergrowth.  Mts. 1550 m, of c Bougainville I. in the n Solomon Islands.  Sometimes treated as a race of M. whitneyi.

Megalurulus whitneyi  GUADALCANAL THICKETBIRD.  Dense forest undergrowth.

The widely separated and sedentary populations probably are separate species, especially if grosveneri and llaneae are so treated.
 M. w. turipavae.  Mts. of Guadalcanal, se Solomon Is.
 M. w. whitneyi.  Espíritu Santo I. in Vanuatu.

Megalurulus rubiginosus  RUSTY THICKETBIRD.  Forest undergrowth.  New Britain I. in the cs Bismarck Arch.
Trichocichla rufa  LONG-LEGGED THICKETBIRD.  Rain forest undergrowth.  Highlands above 800 m of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu in the Fiji Is.
Chaetornis striatus  BRISTLED GRASSBIRD.  Coarse grass, thorny bushes in swampy areas, rice paddies.  Lowlands of Pakistan in Punjab, possibly in Sind (2 records) and rare in India locally n to Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, W. Bengal, Bangladesh and Assam.
Graminicola bengalensis  RUFOUS-RUMPED GRASSBIRD.  Tall grass, reedbeds.  Lowlands in e India from w Nepal e to n Assam, s to W. Bengal, Bangladesh and Manipur, se China in e Kwangsi and Hainan, s Burma in Tenasserim and c Thailand.

Schoenicola brevirostris  FAN-TAILED GRASSBIRD.  Rank grass, esp. riparian.  Locally in sub-Saharan Africa in Sierra Leone, se Guinea, se Nigeria, s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, w,s,e,ne Zaire, se Sudan, w Ethiopia, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, w,c,se Kenya, Tanzania s to Angola, Zambia, e Zimbabwe, Mozambique and e S. Africa in e Transvaal, Swaziland, Natal and e Cape Province.
Schoenicola platyura  BROAD-TAILED GRASSBIRD.  Rank grass, esp. riparian.  Locally in sw India in the s W. Ghats from Mysore s to s Kerala.

Subfamily GARRULACINAE:  Laughingthrushes.  Ne,e,s,se Asia, Indonesia.  Undergrowth, thickets, grass, forest.  Usually treated as babblers, but DNA hybridization suggests that they are separable as a subfamily of the Sylviidae.  There may be other members of the Garrulacinae whose DNAs were not available.  The inclusion of Liocichla is tentative; DNAs were not available for study.
 Food insects, snails, small lizards, fruit, berries, etc.  Nest a deep or flattish cup of plant materials (grass, moss, leaves, etc.), some neat, others untidy, placed in a bush or tree.  Eggs usually 3-4, range 2-7; blue, pale blue, greenish-blue or white; plain or marked with spots and blotches of brown/rufous.  22-29; 32, 35 cm.  Long, strong bill and legs; short, rounded wings; most species noisy and flocking.  Sexes usually alike.  Plumages vary among species.

Malia grata  MALIA. This species, which occurs in the mts. of Sulawesi, has been thought to be a bulbul and placed tentatively in the Pycnonotidae.  It has also been proposed that it is a Garrulax, or at least a garrulacine, and that it is a babbler (Timaliini).  Also listed in the Pycnonotidae and Timaliini.
Garrulax cinereifrons  ASHY-HEADED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Dense humid forest.  Lowlands to 1500 m of Sri Lanka.
Garrulax palliatus  SUNDA LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest.  Mts. 850-2200 m in w Sumatra and n Borneo.
Garrulax rufifrons  RUFOUS-FRONTED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest.  Mts. of w Java.

Garrulax perspicillatus  MASKED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Plains, farms, woods, forest.  C,se China from Szechwan, Shensi, Honan, Fukien s to se Yunnan, Kweichow, Kwangsi and Kwangtung and n,c Vietnam in Tonkin and n,c Annam.
Garrulax albogularis  WHITE-THROATED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Dense forest.  High mts. 1800-4600 m in n Pakistan, n India from Kashmir e to Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh and n Cachar Hills in n Annam, se Tibet, c,sw China in se Tsinghai, s Shensi, s Szechwan, n Yunnan and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin; mts. 850-1450 m of Taiwan.
Garrulax leucolophus  WHITE-CRESTED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth, second growth.  Mts. 600-2100 m, from n,e India from Himachal Pradesh e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to W. Bengal, se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, sw China in w Yunnan, s through se Asia (exc. pen. Thailand and Malaya); and Sumatra.

Garrulax monileger  LESSER NECKLACED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth, second growth, esp. teak and oak.  Mts. to 1200 m from e India from wc Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, and se China in s Yunnan, Kwangsi, Hunan, Kwantung, Fukien and Hainan, s through se Asia except c,pen. Thailand and Malaya.
Garrulax pectoralis  GREATER NECKLACED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth.  Himalayas to 1700 m in e India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, Burma, s,e China from s Shensi, Hunan, Anhwei and Chekiang s to Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwantung and Fukien; Hainan I., nw,sw Thailand, n Laos and n Vietnam in Tonkin.  Intro. Kauai I. in Hawaiian Is.
Garrulax lugubris  BLACK LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest.  Foothills, 500-1600 m in Malaya and Sumatra. 

Garrulax calvus  BARE-HEADED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest.  Mts. above 1000 m of ne Borneo.  Often treated as a race of G. lugubris, but differs in the color of bill and facial skin.  However, B. King (pers. comm.) reports that calvus responds strongly to playback of lugubris vocalizations.
Garrulax striatus  STRIATED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest, rhododendrons.  Himalayas, 600-2750 m in n,e India from Himachal Pradesh e to Arunachal Pradesh, s to Khasi and Cachar Hills, Manipur and Nagaland, se Tibet, sw China in nw Yunnan and w,ne Burma.
Garrulax strepitans  WHITE-NECKED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth.  Himalayas, 1200-1550 m in sw China in sw Yunnan, e,se Burma incl. Tenasserim, nw,sw,se Thailand, nw Laos and Cambodia.

Garrulax milleti  BLACK-HOODED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest.  Mts. 900-1500 m, of s Vietnam in c,s Annam and Cochinchina.
Garrulax maesi  GREY LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth.  Mts. to 1500 m in cs China in s Szechwan, ne Yunnan, Kwangsi and Hainan I., n,c Laos and n Vietnam in Tonkin.
Garrulax ruficollis  RUFOUS-NECKED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest edge, scrub, second growth.  Himalayan foothills to 1500 m in ne India from e Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, s to Tripura, se Bangladesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland, n,e Burma and sw China in sw Yunnan.
Garrulax nuchalis  CHESTNUT-BACKED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Dense second growth, forest undergrowth.  Himalayan foothills to 1200 m in ne India from Arunachal Pradesh s to e Manipur and Nagaland and n Burma.

Garrulax chinensis  BLACK-THROATED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth,, dense scrub, thickets, bamboo, grass.  Hills to 1200 m in Burma (exc. w,ne) s China in s Yunnan, s Kwangsi, sw Kwantung and Hainan I.), nw,ne,sw Thailand, Laos and Vietnam.
Garrulax vassali  WHITE-CHEEKED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest, scrub.  Mts. above 600 m in c,s Laos and s Vietnam in c,s Annam.
Garrulax galbanus  YELLOW-THROATED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Tall grass, dense marshy scrub, moist forest.  Locally in Himalayan foothills, 800-1800 m, in e India in the Cachar Hills, se Bangladesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland, extreme cw Burma; ec China in ne Kiangsi.
Garrulax delesserti  WYNAAD LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Second growth, canebrakes, forest.  Locally in foothills to 1800 m of sw India in the W. Ghats from Goa s to Kerala and w Tamil Nadu.

Garrulax gularis  RUFOUS-VENTED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Second growth, canebrakes, forest.  Locally in lowlands to 1800 m in ne,e India in e Bhutan; from Arunachal Pradesh s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, n Burma and n,c Laos.
Garrulax davidi  PLAIN LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Thickets, bushes,  Mts. to 3050 m of n,nc China from nw Kansu and e Tsinghai e through Shensi and Inner Mongolia to Heilungkiang and s to n Szechwan and Hopeh.
Garrulax sukatschewi  SNOWY-CHEEKED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Coniferous forest, bamboo, spruce and willow scrub.  Mts. of cn China in sw Kansu.
Garrulax cineraceus  MOUSTACHED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Open forest undergrowth, bamboo, scrub.  Himalayas to 1200 m in e India in the Cachar Hills, Manipur and Nagaland, w,e Burma and c,sw,se China from sw Kansu, s Shensi, Hupeh, Anhwei and Chekiang s to Szechwan, nw Yunnan, Hunan and Kwantung.

Garrulax rufogularis  RUFOUS-CHINNED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth, edge, farms, scrub.  Himalayas, 1000-1800 m in n Pakistan, n,e India from Kashmir e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Khasi and Cachar Hills, se Bangladesh and e Nagaland, n Burma and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin; probably sw China in s Yunnan.
Garrulax lunulatus  BARRED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Bamboo thickets in forest.  Himalayas, 1500-3700 m of c China in s Kansu, s Shensi and w Szechwan.
Garrulax bieti  WHITE-SPECKLED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Bamboo thickets in forest.  Himalayas, 3050-3650 m of sw China in sw Szechwan and nw Yunnan.
Garrulax maximus  GIANT LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest.  Himalayas, 2200-4900 m of w,nc China from s Kansu s to se Tibet, w Szechwan and nw Yunnan.

Garrulax ocellatus  SPOTTED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest.  Himalayas, 1800-4600 m in ne India from Garwhal e to Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh, se Tibet, ne Burma and c,sw China from s Kansu s through w,s Szechwan to n Yunnan.
Garrulax caerulatus  GREY-SIDED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest, bamboo thickets.  Himalayas, 1200-4300 m of n,e India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Khasi and Cachar Hills, Manipur and Nagaland, se Tibet, n Burma and sw China in nw,w Yunnan.  Intro. Oahu, Hawaiian Is.
Garrulax poecilorhynchus  RUSTY LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth, bamboo thickets.  Locally in mts. 1100-2500 m in sw,e China in s Szechwan, s Anhwei, Chekiang and nw Fukien; Taiwan.

Garrulax mitratus  CHESTNUT-CAPPED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest, second growth.  Mts. 700-2400 m in Malaya, Sumatra and Borneo.
Garrulax merulinus  SPOT-BREASTED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth, scrub thickets.  Himalayas, 900-1850 m in e India in the Khasi and Cachar hills, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland, w,n Burma, sw China in w,se Yunnan, nw Thailand, n Laos, n,c Vietnam in nw Tonkin and s Annam.
Garrulax canorus  HWAMEI.  Thickets, bamboo, farms.  Lowlands to 1200 m of c,s China from e Szechwan, s Kansu, s Shensi, Yangtze Valley and Kiangsu s to w,s Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwangtung and Hainan I., n,c Laos, n Vietnam in Tonkin and Taiwan.  Intro. Kauai to Hawaii, Hawaiian Is.

Garrulax sannio  WHITE-BROWED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Open areas, farms, bamboo, scrub, thickets.  Lowlands and hills, 600-1800 m in ne India in n Cachar Hills, Manipur and Nagaland, ne,c,e Burma, c,se China from se Kansu, s Shensi, sw Hupeh, ne Hunan, Kiangsi and Fukien s to e Szechwan, Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwangtung and Hainan I., n Laos and n Vietnam in Tonkin and n Annam.
Garrulax cachinnans  RUFOUS-BREASTED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest patches, thickets.  Hills above 1200 m of sw India in the Nilgiri Hills in w Tamil Nadu.
Garrulax jerdoni  GREY-BREASTED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest, scrub, thickets.  Hills above 1050 m of sw India in sw Mysore, Kerala, w Tamil Nadu, but absent from Nilgiri Hills.

Garrulax lineatus  STREAKED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth, open hillsides, brush, towns, tall grass.  Himalayas, usually 1500-3050 m in s Tadzhikistan, e Afghanistan, n Pakistan, n India from Kashmir e to Bhutan and w Arunachal Pradesh and s Tibet.
Garrulax virgatus  STRIPED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth, second growth, scrub.  Mts. above 1000 m in e India in the Cachar Hills, Misoram, Manipur and Nagaland and w Burma.
Garrulax austeni  BROWN-CAPPED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest.  Himalayas, 1500-2700 m of e India in Khasi, Cachar and Mizo hills, Manipur and Nagaland, and w Burma.
Garrulax squamatus  BLUE-WINGED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Humid forest.  Himalayas, 900-3150 m in ne India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Khasi and Cachar hills, Manipur and Nagaland, w,c,ne,e Burma, sw China in w,s Yunnan and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.

Garrulax subunicolor  SCALY LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest, scrub.  Himalayas above 1800 m in ne India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, se Tibet, ne Burma, sw China in w Yunnan and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Garrulax elliotii  ELLIOT'S LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest, thickets.  Himalayas, 2400-4900 m of wc China from n Kansu, e Tsinghai, s Shensi and w Hupeh s through Szechwan to se Tibet and nw Yunnan.
Garrulax variegatus  VARIEGATED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth, usually on hillsides.  Himalayas 1800-3350 m of n Pakistan in Gilgit and n India from Kashmir e to c Nepal.
Garrulax henrici  BROWN-CHEEKED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest, thickets, semi-arid scrub.  Himalayas, 2700-4600 m in se Tibet, possibly ne India in n Arunachal Pradesh.

Garrulax affinis  BLACK-FACED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Coniferous forest undergrowth, rhododendron, mixed woods, thickets, bamboo.  Himalayas, 1800-4200 m of ne India from wc Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, ne Burma, se Tibet, sc,sw China in Szechwan and nw Yunnan and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Garrulax morrisonianus  WHITE-WHISKERED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Coniferous forest undergrowth, rhododendron, mixed woods, thickets, bamboo.  Mts. of Taiwan.
Garrulax erythrocephalus  CHESTNUT-CROWNED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth, scrub, bamboo.  Mts. 1200-3350 in n Pakistan, n,e India from Kashmir e to c Nepal and se Tibet; ne India from Sikkim e to Arunachal Pradesh; e India in the highlands s of Brahmaputra River s to Khasi, Cachar and Mizo hills, Manipur and Nagaland, Burma exc. c, sw China in s Szechwan and w,sw Yunnan, nw, pen. Thailand, ne Laos, n Vietnam in nw Tonkin and Malaya.

Garrulax yersini  COLLARED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth.  Mts. above 1500 m of c Vietnam in s Annam.  Often treated as a race of G. erythrocephalus.
Garrulax formosus  RED-WINGED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Forest undergrowth.  Himalayas, 1500-2600 m in sw China in c,w Szechwan, Yunnan and n Kwangsi, and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Garrulax milnei  RED-TAILED LAUGHINGTHRUSH.  Humid forest, scrub, second growth, grass.  Himalayas above 1000 m in ne,e Burma, s China in w,s Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kweichow and nw Fukien, nw Thailand, n,s Laos, and n Vietnam in Tonkin.
Liocichla phoenicea  RED-FACED LIOCICHLA.  Undergrowth, scrub, grass.  Himalayas to 1800 m in ne India from Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to se Bangladesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland, nw Burma, sw China in nw,se Yunnan, n Laos and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin; sw China in sw Yunnan, c,e Burma and nw Thailand.

Liocichla omeiensis  OMEI SHAN LIOCICHLA.  Forest.  Himalayas of sw China in c Szechwan.  Sometimes treated as a race of L. steerii.
Liocichla steerii  STEERE'S LIOCICHLA.  Forest.  Mts., 1150-1900 m of Taiwan.

Subfamily SYLVIINAE:  Old World Warblers and Babblers.
Tribe TIMALIINI:  Babblers.

Modulatrix stictigula  SPOT-THROAT.  Forest.  Mts. of e,s Tanzania and n Malawi.  The affinities of this poorly known species are uncertain; it may be turdine.
Arcanator orostruthus  DAPPLE-THROAT.  Lower montane forest undergrowth, 900-1700 m.  Local in mts. of e Tanzania and n Mozambique.  Described in 1933 as a species of Phyllastrephus in the Pycnonotidae.  Sometimes included in Modulatrix, e.g., by Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993, p. 365), but they express uncertainties.
Trichostoma rostratum  WHITE-CHESTED BABBLER.  Riparian thickets, swamps, mangroves.  Malay pen., Sumatra, Belitung and Riau and Lingga arch., Borneo and Banggi I.

Trichostoma celebense  SULAWESI BABBLER.  Forest.  Sulawesi, Malenge I., Buntung I.
Trichostoma bicolor  FERRUGINOUS BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth, grassland, scrub.  Up to 750 m; Malay pen., Sumatra, Bangka and Borneo.
Trichostoma woodi  BAGOBO BABBLER.  Forest.  Mts. above 1000 m of Mindanao, s Philippines.
Malacocincla abbotti  ABBOTT'S BABBLER.  Thickets, forest edge, scrub, towns.  Up to 1000 m in ne India from e Nepal and Sikkim e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland; e Ghats in n Andhra Pradesh, w,s Burma, Thailand (exc. nw, n Laos, Cambodia, c Vietnam in c Annam, Malaya, e Sumatra and Belitung and Borneo, Bawean and Matasiri islands.

Malacocincla sepiarium  HORSFIELD'S BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth.  Lowlands in s peninsular Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Belitung, Java, Bali and Borneo.
Malacocincla vanderbilti  VANDERBILT'S BABBLER.  Forest.  One specimen known, from foothills, 950 m, of n Sumatra.  Perhaps a race of M. perspicillata or M. sepiarum.
Malacocincla perspicillata  BLACK-BROWED BABBLER.  Forest.  One specimen known, from s Borneo.
Malacocincla malaccensis  SHORT-TAILED BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth, scrub.  Lowlands to 1000 m in the Malay pen., e Sumatra, Banyak and Batu islands and Borneo, Anambas and N. Natuna Is.; Mt. Mulu in ne Sarawak.  Perhaps a race of M. cinereiceps.

Malacocincla cinereiceps  ASHY-HEADED BABBLER.  Forest, second growth, scrub.  Palawan and Balabac is., in the sw Philippines.
Pellorneum tickelli  BUFF-BREASTED BABBLER.  Forest, scrub, bamboo.  Up to 2100 m in ne India from  Arunachal Pradesh s to se Bangladesh and probably to Manipur and Nagaland, sw China in w,s Yunnan, Burma exc. c, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaya and Sumatra, Belitung.

The name Brachypteryx cryptica is based on a specimen of this species.

Pellorneum pyrrogenys  TEMMINCK'S BABBLER. Forest.  Mts., usually above 1000 m in N. Borneo (Sarawak and Sabah) and Java.
Pellorneum albiventre  SPOT-THROATED BABBLER.  Scrub, dense grass, bamboo.  Hills to 2100 m in ne India from Bhutan e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, Burma (exc. c), nw Thailand, Laos and n,c Vietnam in Tonkin and Annam.
Pellorneum palustre  MARSH BABBLER.  Reedbeds, high grass, bushes, near water.  Hills of ne India from Arunachal Pradesh and Brahmaputra Valley s to Cachar, Khasi and Chittagong hills.
Pellorneum ruficeps  PUFF-THROATED BABBLER.  Second growth, scrub, grass, forest.  Hills in peninsular India in W.,E. Ghats; Bihar and Orissa, and Himalayan foothills to 1800 m from n India w to Garhwal and e to sw China in s Yunnan and se Asia (exc. s Malaya).

Pellorneum fuscocapillum  BROWN-CAPPED BABBLER.  Dense forest.  Lowlands to 1400 m of Sri Lanka.
Pellorneum capistratum  BLACK-CAPPED BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth.  Lowlands to 1400 m in Malay pen., Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung, Java and Borneo, N. Natuna and Banggi islands.
Malacopteron magnirostre  MOUSTACHED BABBLER.  Forest, second growth.  Lowlands to 800 m in the Malay pen., Tioman I., Sumatra, Musala and Lingga Arch., Borneo and Anambas Islands.
Malacopteron affine  SOOTY-CAPPED BABBLER.  Forest, edge, scrub.  Lowlands to 700 m in s pen. Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Banyak Is., Bangka and Borneo.

Malacopteron cinereum  SCALY-CROWNED BABBLER.  Forest, edge, second growth.  Lowlands to 1200 m in ne,se,pen. Thailand, s Laos, Cambodia, c,s Vietnam in Annam and Cochinchina, Malaya, Sumatra, Nias, Batu Is., Bangka, Riau and Lingga arch., Java, Borneo and N. Natuna Is.
Malacopteron magnum  RUFOUS-CROWNED BABBLER.  Forest, edge, second growth.  Lowlands to 800 m in the Malay pen., Sumatra, Borneo and N. Natuna Is.
Malacopteron palawanense  MELODIOUS BABBLER.  Forest, edge, second growth, open woods.  Palawan and Balabac is., in the sw Philippines.  Possibly a race of M. magnum.
Malacopteron albogulare  GREY-BREASTED BABBLER.  Forest.  Lowlands in Malaya, ne Sumatra, Batu Is., Lingga Arch. and Borneo (exc. ne).

Illadopsis cleaveri  BLACKCAP ILLADOPSIS.  Forest.  Lowlands in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Fernando Po I., sw C. African Rep., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Congo.
Illadopsis albipectus  SCALY-BREASTED ILLADOPSIS.  Forest.  N Angola, sc,c,cn,ce,ne Zaire, C. Afr. Rep., extreme se Sudan, Uganda, extreme w Kenya and nw Tanzania.
Illadopsis rufescens  RUFOUS-WINGED ILLADOPSIS.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m in Senegambia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana and Togo.
Illadopsis puveli  PUVEL'S ILLADOPSIS.  Open forest, edge.  Locally in lowlands in Senegambia, s Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, s Nigeria, Cameroon; ne Zaire and extreme s Sudan.

Illadopsis rufipennis  PALE-BREASTED ILLADOPSIS.  Forest.  Lowlands in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Fernando Po I., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Cabinda, C. Afr. Rep., n,ne Zaire, Uganda, sw Kenya, ne Tanzania, Zanzibar and c,ce Zaire.
Illadopsis fulvescens  BROWN ILLADOPSIS.  Forest undergrowth.  Lowlands in Senegal, s Mali, Sierra Leone, se Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, cs,sw Ghana; Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Cabinda, s C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire, extreme se Sudan, Uganda, Burundi and nw Kenya, n Angola, cs,ce Zaire and w Tanzania.
Illadopsis pyrrhoptera  MOUNTAIN ILLADOPSIS.  Forest.  Mts. in e Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, w Uganda, nw Kenya, w Tanzania and n Malawi.
 Pseudoalcippe.  This generic name was proposed by Bannerman (1923. Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 44:26) with Turdinus atriceps  Sharpe (1902) designated as the type species.  White (1962. A revised checklist of African shrikes, (etc.).  Lusaka, Gov't. Printer) lumped atriceps and abyssinica and placed them in Alcippe, with the older name, abyssinica, as the species name.  He recognized six subspecies, including atriceps.  Deignan (1964, in Peters, Check-list of Birds of the World, vol. 10, pp. 411-413) followed White, but divided abyssinica into two species, abyssinica (incl. five subspecies) and atriceps as a separate species, Alcippe atriceps.  Other authors have used one or the other of these arrangements, including Sibley and Monroe (1990) who recognized two species (abyssinica, atriceps) and placed them in Illadopsis.

Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993, p. 365) object to the recognition of two species and resurrect Pseudoalcippe for the species abyssinica, including atriceps.  This would seem like a simple problem, but the complications arise from the fact that the six "subspecies" recognized by White are allopatric montane or insular populations that differ morphologically.  As noted by Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (
op. cit.) referring to Pseudoalcippe abyssinica.  "This species is the only passerine to be present in all Afrotropical montane groups ..., and not surprisingly there is therefore appreciable morphological variation between allopatric populations.  But this variation is not great, and involves mainly the colour of the head and throat -- see the summary presented by White (1962).  We are familiar in the field with representatives of each of the three groups of races presented by White: (A) the grey-headed, mostly plain-throated nominate group (south-eastern Zaire and adjacent Tanzania); (B) the black head and throat of atriceps (Nigeria and Rwanda); (C) the grey crown and heavily-streaked throat of the stierlingi group (southern Tanzania and Malawi).  In the field (vocalisations and other behaviour) and in the hand all seem to us to be clearly but one species.  It is of interest that nominate atriceps occurs in two widely-separated areas, Nigeria/Cameroon and eastern Zaire/Rwanda, yet vocally and in other respects they are inseparable."

Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire are applying the "Biological Species Concept" in its most extreme form by the recognition of a single species for widely allopatric populations that differ appreciably -- with one of the subspecies names, atriceps, assigned to "two widely-separated areas, Nigeria/Cameroon and eastern Zaire/Rwanda ...."  If one were to apply the "Phylogenetic Species Concept" these populations would be divided into at least six species and probably seven.  Even a moderate view that tries to find a compromise must admit more than two species, with the insular form claudi being a candidate for recognition as a third species.  The two populations assigned to atriceps are separated by at least 800 miles of unsuitable habitat, thus the Dowsetts are guessing that they would interbreed if in contact.

There is no simple answer to such problems -- different species concepts yield different answers.  DNA comparisons would add some information, but the taxonomic treatment of this, and similar situations, depends on the interpretation of the evidence viewed from different philosophical positions.
 It would be presumptuous to propose a radically different classification without a study of the situation in the field and additional evidence from molecular or other sources.  The following arrangement recognizes only two "species" and lists the described "subspecies" for the information of readers.  The genus Pseudoalcippe is used to draw attention to this interesting problem.

Pseudoalcippe atriceps  RUWENZORI HILL-BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth, thickets.  Locally in mts. in Nigeria, sw Cameroon (Banso and Genderu highlands).  Highlands in ne,ce Zaire from the Lendu Plateau and Ruwenzori to Kivu and Mt. Kabobo, Rwanda, Burundi and w Uganda.

The East African List Committee place this species in its former genus, Pseudoalcippe, and consider it to be a race of abyssinica  (D. A. Turner, pers. comm.).  See comments above.

Pseudoalcippe abyssinica  ABYSSINIAN HILL-BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth, thickets.

P. a. abyssinica.  Highlands of ne Tanzania, w,c,s Kenya se Sudan and w,c Ethiopia.
 P. a. monachus.  Mt. Cameroon in sw Cameroon.
 P. a. claudi.  Mt. Santa Isabel, 10,800 feet, Fernando Po I. in the Gulf of Guinea.
 P. a. ansorgei.  Bailundu highlands of wc Angola, se Zaire and w Tanzania.
 P. a. stierlingi.  Highlands of n Malawi and sw,c Tanzania, incl. Uluguru Mts. 

Kakamega poliothorax  GREY-CHESTED ILLADOPSIS.  Forest.  Locally in mts. in se Nigeria, s Cameroon, Fernando Po I., ne,ce Zaire, Burundi, s Rwanda, w Uganda and extreme w Kenya.

Generic status uncertain:  Is it a separate genus or just another Illadopsis?

Ptyrticus turdinus  THRUSH BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth, patches of damp woods.  Locally in lowlands in n,e Cameroon, C. Afr. Rep., sw Sudan, ne,se Zaire, s Angola and extreme nw Zambia.
Pomatorhinus hypoleucos  LARGE SCIMITAR-BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth, scrub, bamboo.  Hills, 300-2150 m in ne India from Arunachal Pradesh s to ne Bangladesh, Assam, probably Manipur and Nagaland, Burma (exc. c,e), s China in s Yunnan, Kwangsi and Hainan I., Thailand (exc. c), Indochina (perhaps Cambodia) and Malaya.
Pomatorhinus erythrocnemis  SPOT-BREASTED SCIMITAR-BABBLER.  Dense scrub, grass, open forest.  Mts., 300-2400 m from the Himalayas of n Pakistan, n,e India from Kashmir e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, e to c China from s Kansu, s Shensi, Hupeh and s Anhwei s to Yunnan, Kwangsi and n Kwangtung, w,ne,e Burma, n Laos and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin; Taiwan.

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys  RUSTY-CHEEKED SCIMITAR-BABBLER.  Dense thickets, grass, open forest.  Himalayas above 1000 m in c,s,e Burma and nw Thailand.
Pomatorhinus horsfieldii  INDIAN SCIMITAR-BABBLER.  Thickets, undergrowth, grass.  Hills up to 2100 m in s India from n Gujarat, sw Rajasthan, c Madhya Pradesh and Orissa s through the W., E. Ghats; and Sri Lanka.
Pomatorhinus schisticeps  WHITE-BROWED SCIMITAR-BABBLER.  Thickets, undergrowth, grass.  Hills up to 2100 m in n India from Himachal Pradesh e to Arunachal Pradesh, s to n W. Bengal, Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, Burma, Thailand (exc. c), Laos, Cambodia and c,s Vietnam in c,s Annam and Cochinchina.  Sometimes treated as a race of P. horsfieldii.

Pomatorhinus montanus  CHESTNUT-BACKED SCIMITAR-BABBLER.  Forest, bamboo.  Lowlands to 1500 m in Malaya, Sumatra, Bangka, Java, Bali, Borneo.
Pomatorhinus ruficollis  STREAK-BREASTED SCIMITAR-BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth, bamboo.  Mts. above 1000 m in ne India w to Kumaon, se Tibet, c,s China from s Kansu, s Shensi, Honan and s Kiangsu s to Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwangtung and Hainan I., w,n Burma, n Laos and n Vietnam in Tonkin and n Annam; Taiwan.
Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps  RED-BILLED SCIMITAR-BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth.  Himalayas, 600-1400 m in ne India from Arunachal Pradesh s to Cachar Hills, Manipur and Nagaland, Burma, sw China in s Yunnan, nw Thailand, Laos and Vietnam in Tonkin and s Annam.

Pomatorhinus ferruginosus  CORAL-BILLED SCIMITAR-BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth.  Himalayas, 600-3800 m of ne India from e Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to n Assam, Manipur and Nagaland, Burma (exc. c), nw Thailand, ne Laos and n Vietnam in Tonkin.
Xiphirhynchus superciliaris  SLENDER-BILLED SCIMITAR-BABBLER.  Forest, bamboo.  Himalayas, 600-3400 m in ne India from e Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to se Bangladesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland, ne Burma, sw China in w Yunnan and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Jabouilleia danjoui  SHORT-TAILED SCIMITAR-BABBLER.  Rocky areas in humid forest.  Mts. of c Vietnam in c,s Annam.

Rimator malacoptilus  LONG-BILLED WREN-BABBLER.  Second growth, scrub, forest.  Locally in mts. 100-2700 m of ne India in Sikkim, Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh, Khasi and Cachar hills, Mizoram, Manipur and presumably Nagaland, and ne Burma; n Vietnam in nw Tonkin; w Sumatra.
Ptilocichla leucogrammica  BORNEAN WREN-BABBLER.  Forest.  Known from a few localities in the lowlands of Borneo.
Ptilocichla mindanensis  STRIATED WREN-BABBLER.  Forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m on Samar, Leyte, Bohol, Mindanao and Basilan islands in the se Philippines.
Ptilocichla falcata  FALCATED WREN-BABBLER.  Forest.  Lowlands to 800 m on Palawan and Balabac islands in the sw Philippines.

Kenopia striata  STRIPED WREN-BABBLER.  Swampy forest undergrowth.  Lowlands to 1000 m in s peninsular Thailand, Malaya, e Sumatra and Borneo.
Napothera macrodactyla  LARGE WREN-BABBLER.  Swampy forest, forest undergrowth.  Lowlands to 600 m in sw peninsular Thailand, Malaya, ne Sumatra and Java.
Napothera rufipectus  RUSTY-BREASTED WREN-BABBLER.  Forest.  Mts 900-2500 m of w Sumatra.
Napothera atrigularis  BLACK-THROATED WREN-BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth.  Lowlands to 1500 m of Borneo.
Napothera marmorata  MARBLED WREN-BABBLER.  Forest.  Mts. 600-1800 m in c Malaya and Sumatra.

Napothera crispifrons   LIMESTONE WREN-BABBLER.  Scrub on limestone hills.  Lowlands to 1000 m in se Burma in Tenasserim, sw,nw,ne Thailand, ne Laos and nw,c Vietnam in w Tonkin and n Annam.
Napothera brevicaudata  STREAKED WREN-BABBLER.  Forest, undergrowth, often in rocky or riparian areas.  Hills, 600-2100 m in ne India from Assam s to Khasi and Cachar hills, Manipur and presumbaly Nagaland, sw China in sw Yunnan and sw Kwangsi, Burma (exc. s), nw,se,pen. Thailand, Indochina (exc. c Laos and Cochinchina) and Malaya.
Napothera crassa  MOUNTAIN WREN-BABBLER.  Forest, bamboo, rocky and riparian.  Mts. of n Borneo in ne Sarawak and n Sabah.

Napothera rabori  RABOR'S WREN-BABBLER.  Forest, second growth.

The two races were described as species, but are usually treated as well-marked subspecies.
 N. r. rabori  Known from a few localities in the lowlands to 350 m of n,c Luzon, n Philippines.
 N. r. sorsogonensis  Mts. of se Luzon.

Napothera epilepidota  EYEBROWED WREN-BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth.  Mts. to 2100 m in e India from e Bhutan e to Arunachal Pradesh, s to Cachar Hills, Manipur and Nagaland, sw China in s Yunnan, Kwangsi and Hainan I., nw,e,s Burma, nw, pen. Thailand, n,c Laos, n,c Vietnam in Tonkin and Annam, Sumatra, w,c Java and n Borneo.
Pnoepyga albiventer  SCALY-BREASTED WREN-BABBLER.  Wet forest undergrowth.  Himalayas, 1650-3900 m in n India from Himachal Pradesh e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Khasi and Cachar hills and Nagaland, se Tibet, w,ne Burma, sw China in sw Szechwan and w Yunnan; Taiwan; and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.  The Taiwan population is referable to albiventer, not pusilla.

Pnoepyga immaculata  NEPAL WREN-BABBLER.  Wet forest undergrowth.  C,e Nepal.  New species:  Martin and Eck. 1991. Jour. für Orn. 132:180.
Pnoepyga pusilla  PYGMY WREN-BABBLER.  Wet forest undergrowth, often riparian.  Mts, usually 1000-1800 m of ne India from w Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, s to Khasi, Cachar and Chittagong hills and Nagaland, se Tibet, Burma (incl. Tenasserim), c,se China from Szechwan and s Shensi s to Yunnan and Kweichow and e to Fukien and Chekiang, s through nw, pen. Thailand, Laos (exc. c), Vietnam in nw Tonkin and s Annam, Malaya, Sumatra, Java and Flores and Timor in the c Lesser Sundas.
Spelaeornis caudatus  RUFOUS-THROATED WREN-BABBLER.  Damp forest undergrowth.  Himalayas of ne India in e Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeeling and e Bhutan.

Spelaeornis badeigularis  RUSTY-THROATED WREN-BABBLER.  Damp forest undergrowth.  Known from one specimen from the Mishmi Hills in e Arunachal Pradesh, ne India.
Spelaeornis troglodytoides  BAR-WINGED WREN-BABBLER.  Wet forest undergrowth, bamboo.  Himalayas, 2100-4700 m in e Bhutan, se Tibet, e India in se Arunachal Pradesh, ne Burma and c,sw China from sw Kansu and s Shensi s through Szechwan to nw Yunnan.
Spelaeornis formosus  SPOTTED WREN-BABBLER.  Moist rhododendron forest undergrowth, scrub, grass.  Himalayas, 1100-2300 m in ne India from Sikkim e to Arunachal Pradesh, s to Khasi Hills, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland, w Burma, se China in se Yunnan and ne Fukien.

Spelaeornis chocolatinus  LONG-TAILED WREN-BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth.  Locally in the Himalayas, 1200-2800 m in e India from Cachar Hills, Nagaland and se Arunachal Pradesh, s to Manipur and Mizoram, w,n,e Burma, sw China in s Szechwan and w Yunnan and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Spelaeornis longicaudatus  TAWNY-BREASTED WREN-BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth on rocky slopes mainly in oak and rhododendron.  Himalayas, 1000-2000 m of ne India in the Khasi and Cachar hills and Manipur.
Sphenocichla humei  WEDGE-BILLED WREN-BABBLER.  Forest tree trunks, undergrowth, scrub, bamboo.  Himalayas, 1500-2300 m in ne India in Sikkim (at least formerly) and from Arunachal Pradesh s to Cachar Hills, Manipur and Nagaland, and ne Burma.

Neomixis:  Jerys.  Madagascar  Affinities uncertain.
Neomixis tenella  COMMON JERY.  Forest, woodland, brush, mangroves.  Lowlands to 1200 m of Madagascar.
Neomixis viridis  GREEN JERY.  Forest, brush.  Highlands, 1000-1800 m of e Madagascar.
Neomixis striatigula  STRIPE-THROATED JERY.  Woodland, brush.  Lowlands to 1800 m of sw,e Madagascar.
Neomixis flavoviridis  WEDGE-TAILED JERY.  Forest, undergrowth.  E Madagascar from Sianaka Forest s to Vondrozo.
 Stachyris:  Babblers.  Forest, scrub, undergrowth, grass, bamboo, etc.  S, sw Asia, Philippines, Indonesia.

Stachyris rodolphei  DEIGNAN'S BABBLER.  Bamboo forest.  Known only from Himalayas, 1000-1800 m of nw Thailand.
Stachyris ambigua  BUFF-CHESTED BABBLER.  Dense undergrowth, scrub, grass, bamboo, small trees.  Hills to 1800 m in e India from Sikkim, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland; n E. Ghats in Orissa,  ne Burma, sw China in nw Yunnan, nw Thailand, Laos (exc. c) and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.  Sometimes treated as a race of S. rufifrons.
Stachyris rufifrons  RUFOUS-FRONTED BABBLER.  Dense undergrowth, scrub, grass, bamboo, small trees.  Hills to 1800 m in Burma (exc. ne), nw,sw,pen. Thailand, w Malaya, Sumatra and Borneo.

Stachyris ruficeps  RUFOUS-CAPPED BABBLER.  Second growth, forest undergrowth, bamboo.  Himalayas, 1000-2700 m in e India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Assam, Manipur and Nagaland; Orissa; n,e Burma, c,s China from e Szechwan, s Shensi, Yangtze River, Anhwei and Chekiang s to Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwantung and Hainan I.; Taiwan; n Laos and n,c Vietnam in Tonkin and n,c Annam.
Stachyris pyrrhops  BLACK-CHINNED BABBLER.  Forest, scrub, bamboo, undergrowth.  Himalayas, 750-2400 m in n Pakistan and n India from Kashmir e to c Nepal.
Stachyris chrysaea  GOLDEN BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth, dense bushes, edge, bamboo.  Mts. 300-3000 m in e India from wc Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Bangladesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland, Burma (exc. c) and sw China in w Yunnan s through nw,pen. Thailand, Laos, n,c, Vietnam in Tonkin and n,c Annam to Malaya; Sumatra.

Stachyris plateni  PYGMY BABBLER.  Forest, edge, second growth.  Lowlands to 1000 m of Samar, Leyte and Mindanao in the se Philippine Is.
Stachyris dennistouni  GOLDEN-CROWNED BABBLER.  Forest, edge.  Lowlands to 1000 m of n Luzon, Philippine Is.  Often treated as a race of S. capitalis.
Stachyris nigrocapitata  BLACK-CROWNED BABBLER.  Forest, edge.  Lowlands to 1000 m of s Luzon, Samar, Leyte and Bohol in the c Philippines.  Often treated as a race of S. capitalis.
Stachyris capitalis  RUSTY-CROWNED BABBLER.  Forest, edge.  Lowlands to 1000m of Dinagat, Mindanao and Basilan in the s Philippines.

Stachyris speciosa  FLAME-TEMPLED BABBLER.  Forest, edge, second growth.  Lowlands to 1000 m of Negros I. in the sc Philippines.
Stachyris whiteheadi  CHESTNUT-FACED BABBLER.  Forest, second growth, scrub.  Highlands usually above 800 m on Luzon in the n Philippines.
Stachyris striata  LUZON STRIPED-BABBLER.  Forest, edge, bamboo, second growth.  Lowlands to 1000 m on n Luzon in the n Philippines.

Stachyris latistriata  PANAY STRIPED-BABBLER.  Forest.  Mts. above 1000 m on Panay I., c Philippines.  Described by Gonzales and Kennedy (1990. Wilson Bull. 102:367-379); sometimes treated as a race of S. striata.

Stachyris nigrorum  NEGROS STRIPED-BABBLER.  Forest.  Mts. above 1000 m on Negros, sc Philippines.  Sometimes treated as a race of S. striata.
Stachyris hypogrammica  PALAWAN STRIPED-BABBLER.  Forest.  Mts. above 1000 m on Palawan I., sw Philippines.  Sometimes treated as a race of S. striata.
Stachyris grammiceps  WHITE-BREASTED BABBLER.  Forest.  W Java.
Stachyris herberti  SOOTY BABBLER.  Known only from the type locality in c Laos; possibly confined to limestone outcrops.

Stachyris nigriceps  GREY-THROATED BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth, edge.  Mts. 600-2300 m from e India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, s to se Bangladesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland, Burma and sw China in w,se Yunnan and sw Kwangsi, s through nw, pen. Thailand, Laos, n,c Vietnam in w Tonkin and Annam, Malaya, Tioman I.; Sumatra, Lingga Arch.; Borneo and n Natuna Is.
Stachyris poliocephala  GREY-HEADED BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth, second growth.  Lowlands to 1200 m in peninsular Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Lingga Arch. and Borneo.
Stachyris oglei  SNOWY-THROATED BABBLER.  Moist thickets in rocky ravines.  Mts. above 1800 m of ne India in ne Assam and se Arunachal Pradesh.  Sometimes treated as a race of S. striolata.

Stachyris striolata  SPOT-NECKED BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth, thickets.  Mts. to 2200 m in s China in s Yunnan, Kwangsi and Hainan I., ne,s Burma (incl. Tenasserim), nw, pen. Thailand, n Laos, n Vietnam in Tonkin and n Annam, and w,ne Sumatra.
Stachyris leucotis  WHITE-NECKED BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth.  Lowland to 1000 m in s pen. Thailand, Malaya, nw Sumatra and Borneo.
Stachyris nigricollis  BLACK-THROATED BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth.  Lowlands to 1400 m in pen. Thailand, Malaya, e Sumatra and Borneo.
Stachyris thoracica  WHITE-BIBBED BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth.  Foothills of Java, possibly in s Sumatra.

Stachyris maculata  CHESTNUT-RUMPED BABBLER.  Forest undergrowth.  Lowlands to 750 m in s pen. Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Banyak and Batu islands, Riau Arch., Bangka, and Borneo.
Stachyris erythroptera  CHESTNUT-WINGED BABBLER.  Forest, dry scrub.  Lowlands to 750 m in Malay pen., Tioman I., Sumatra, Banyak and Batu is., Bangka and Belitung; Borneo, n Natuna and Banggi is.
Stachyris melanothorax  CRESCENT-CHESTED BABBLER.  Forest.  Mts. of Java and lowlands of Bali in w Indonesia.
Dumetia hyperythra  TAWNY-BELLIED BABBLER.  Woodland, scrub, grass, bamboo.  Lowlands to 1400 m of India from Uttar Pradesh, sw Nepal and w Bangladesh s to e Maharashtra and n Andhra Pradesh; s India n in the W. Ghats to e Gujarat and s Rajasthan, and in E. Ghats to s Andrha Pradesh and Sri Lanka.

Rhopocichla atriceps  DARK-FRONTED BABBLER.  Evergreen woods, thickets, reedbeds, bamboo.  Hills to 1800 m of sw India from Belgaum s to Kerala and w Tamil Nadu, and Sri Lanka.