Cyornis tickelliae  TICKELL'S BLUE-FLYCATCHER.  Forest edge, woods, scrub, bamboo, gardens, riparian bushes.  Lowlands to 1500 m of c,s,e India, Sri Lanka, Burma (exc. c,s), Indochina (exc. n Vietnam), Malaya and Sumatra.
Cyornis rufigaster  MANGROVE BLUE-FLYCATCHER.  Mangroves, coastal scrub.  Coastal lowlands of Malaya, Sumatra incl. Bangka, and Riau and Lingga arch.), Java incl. Karimunjawa Is., and the Philippines incl. Palawan and the Sulu Archipelago.
Cyornis omissus  SULAWESI BLUE-FLYCATCHER.

C. o. omissus.  Open woods with low bushes.  Lowlands to 1400 m of Sulawesi, incl. Salayar I.
 C. o. djampeanus.  Mangroves, coastal scrub.  Tanahjampea and Kalao islands in the Flores Sea.

Muscicapella hodgsoni  PYGMY BLUE-FLYCATCHER.  Undergrowth of evergreen forest.  Mt., 1100-3000 m, in ne India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, Cachar Hills and Nagaland, w,ne,e Burma, nw Thailand, c Vietnam in Annam, Malaya, Sumatra and Borneo.

Culicicapa ceylonensis  GREY-HEADED CANARY-FLYCATCHER.  Forest, woods, second growth.  Foothills and mts., 600-3000 m from n Pakistan, n,s,e India, Sri Lanka, se Tibet and c,se China, s through se Asia to the Greater and Lesser Sunda islands of Lombok, Flores and Sumba.
Culicicapa helianthea  CITRINE CANARY-FLYCATCHER.  Forest, second growth.  Lowlands to 2500 m on Sulawesi, incl. Salayar and Banggai islands, and on the Philippine Islands of Luzon, Catanduanes, Palawan, Leyte, Panay, Negros, Cebu, Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago.
Genus and Species, incertae sedis.

Horizorhinus dohrni  DOHRN'S FLYCATCHER.  Forest, farmlands.  Príncipe Island, Gulf of Guinea off West Africa.  Affinities uncertain; has been considered to be a babbler, flycatcher, thrush or warbler!  Behavior like that of a Phylloscopus.  Mostly dark gray-brown above, tinged with olive; cheeks, throat, and underparts white or yellowish with a brownish breast band.  Takes insects from foliage in woods, gardens, etc.  Nest a cup of grass in a fork or on a bough; 2 eggs, whitish with brown markings.
 D. A. Turner (pers. comm.), who has observed this bird in the wild, doubts that it is a muscicapid.

Tribe SAXICOLINI
Pogonocichla stellata  WHITE-STARRED ROBIN.  Forest.  Mts. in e Zaire, sw Uganda, se Sudan, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, ne,se,w Tanzania, Malawi, ne Zambia, nw,s Mozambique, e Zimbabwe and e,se S. Africa.

Sexes similar.  Head and throat dark bluish-gray; back and rump greenish-yellow, underparts yellow, tail black-tipped; white loreal, superciliary and gular spots.  Feeds on insects by hawking or from ground or foliage, also eats berries.  Nest domed, of leaves, side entrance, on ground.  Eggs 3, creamy-white with reddish speckles.

Swynnertonia swynnertoni  SWYNNERTON'S ROBIN.  16 cm.  Humid forest.  Locally in mts., 850-1500 m in cTanzania, e Zimbabwe and sw,c Mozambique.  Similar to Pogonocichla and often included in that genus.

Stiphrornis erythrothorax  FOREST ROBIN.  13 cm.  Forest.  Lowlands in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, s Nigeria, Cameroon, Fernando Po I., Gabon, Congo, sw C. African Rep., nw,n,nc,ne Zaire, extreme s Sudan, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya and extreme nw Tanzania.

Sheppardia poensis  ALEXANDER'S AKALAT.  Humid forest.  Locally in mts., 600-2400 m in se Nigeria, sw Cameroon on Kupe Mt., Fernando Po I., ce Zaire and extreme w Tanzania.  Often included in S. bocagei and so considered by the East African List Committee (D. A. Turner, pers. comm.).

Sheppardia bocagei  BOCAGE'S AKALAT.  Humid riparian forest in brachystegia woodland.  Lowlands to 2000 m in Nigeria, Gulf of Guinea Is., Cameroon, c,e Angola, cs,se Zaire and n,c Zambia.
Sheppardia cyornithopsis  LOWLAND AKALAT.  Humid forest.  Locally up to 1500 m in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Ivory Coast, and from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Congo e to n,ne,ce Zaire, w Uganda and nw Tanzania.
Sheppardia aequatorialis  EQUATORIAL AKALAT.  Forest.  Mts., 1350-2400 m in ne,ce Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, w Uganda, se Sudan and w Kenya.
Sheppardia sharpei  SHARPE'S AKALAT.  Forest.  Mts., 900-2600 m in ne,s,se Tanzania, Zambia and Malawi.

Sheppardia gunningi  EAST COAST AKALAT.  Forest.  Locally in coastal lowlands to 1750 m in the Sokoke Forest of se Kenya, ne,s Tanzania and se Mozambique; lowlands to 1200 m of nw Malawi.
Sheppardia gabela  GABELA AKALAT.  Forest.  Known only from Gabela, wc Angola.
Sheppardia montana  USAMBARA AKALAT.  Forest.  Usambara Mts. above 1600 m, in ne Tanzania.
Sheppardia lowei  IRINGA AKALAT.  Forest.  Highlands, 1450-2000 m of sc Tanzania.

Erithacus rubecula  EUROPEAN ROBIN.  Shrubbery, woods, forest, towns.  From the British Isles and Scandinavia e through sw,c Russia to the Ural Mts., upper Ob River, and s to the e Atlantic Islands of Azores, Madeira and the Canary Is.; nw Africa from Morocco to Tunisia; n Mediterranean region incl. most islands except Crete and Cyprus; n Turkey, n Iran and the Caucasus and Transcaucasus regions.
Erithacus akahige  JAPANESE ROBIN.  Dense undergrowth, often riparian.  Mts. in the s Kuril Is., Sakhalin, Japan and the Izu Islands.
Erithacus komadori  RYUKYU ROBIN.  Dense, often riparian, undergrowth.  Ryukyu Is. from Tanega Shima to Okinawa and the Yaeyama Group.

Luscinia sibilans  RUFOUS-TAILED ROBIN.  Coniferous forest undergrowth.  W,s Siberia from the Yenisei R. e to Yakutia and Sea of Okhotsk, s to Altai, Tuva, Transbaicalia, Amurland, Ussuriland and Sakhalin; ce Kamchatka.
Luscinia luscinia  THRUSH NIGHTINGALE.  Undergrowth in woods, often riparian.  From s Scandinavia and Denmark e across c,se Russia to w Siberia, s through e Europe to e Czechoslovakia, e Austria, Hungary, n Yugoslavia, Romania and s Russia in the Crimea and n Caucasus.
Luscinia megarhynchos  COMMON NIGHTINGALE.  Undergrowth, thickets.  From s England and continental Europe n to s Denmark and Poland; s to n Africa from n Morocco e to Tunisia and in ne Libya; n Mediterranean region incl. most islands; e through Turkey, Near East, n Iraq, Iran, Crimea, Caucasus and n Caspian Sea to nw Afghanistan and w China in w Sinkiang.

Luscinia calliope  SIBERIAN RUBYTHROAT.  Open shrubbery in riparian forest.  Siberia w to the Ural Mts. and Altai, n to Arctic Circle and e to Anadyrland and Kamchatka; Mongolia, c,ne China, Kuril Is., and Hokkaido I., n Japan.
Luscinia pectoralis  WHITE-TAILED RUBYTHROAT.  Bushes, scrub above timberline.  Himalayas, 3350-4900 m in Turkestan, e Afghanistan in the Pamir Mts., n Pakistan, n India, se Tibet, s,c China and ne Burma.
Luscinia svecica  BLUETHROAT.  Bushes, undergrowth, scrub, tundra, swamps.  Lowlands to mts. from n Scandinavia (only extreme n in Sweden and Finland) and continental Europe s to w,ce,ne France, n Italy, Austria, n Yugoslavia and Hungary; wc Spain; e across Russia and n,c Siberia to Anadyrland and the Sea of Okhotsk, s to ne Turkey, n Afghanistan, n Pakistan (Gilgit),n India in Kashmir and Ladakh, s Tibet, w,c,n China and sw Siberia in the Lake Baikal area; w,n Alaska from c Brooks Range s to the Seward Peninsula.

Luscinia ruficeps  RUFOUS-HEADED ROBIN.  Presumably, scrub or bushes.  Known only from the mts. ca. 3500 m in w Shensi and Szechwan, nc China.
Luscinia obscura  BLACK-THROATED BLUE ROBIN.  Bamboo thickets in coniferous forest.  Mts., 3050-3400 m of w China in se Kansu and sw Shensi.  Sometimes considered a black-throated morph of L. pectardens.
Luscinia pectardens  FIRETHROAT.  Dense thickets, brush.  Mts., 3050-3350 m of c China from s Kansu and s Shensi s through Szechwan to se Tibet and n Yunnan.
Luscinia brunnea  INDIAN BLUE ROBIN.  Forest undergrowth, bushes,  Himalayas, 1650-3350 m in n Pakistan, n,e India, c China and w Burma.

Luscinia cyane  SIBERIAN BLUE ROBIN.  Dense forest undergrowth.  S Siberia, ne China, Korea and Japan from Hokkaido s to Kyushu.

Tarsiger cyanurus  RED-FLANKED BLUETAIL.  Undergrowth in coniferous or birch forest.  From Finland and nw,e Russia e across c,s Siberia n to Arctic Circle, to the Sea of Okhotsk, Kamchatka and Commander Is., s to sw Siberia (Altai), n Mongolia, Manchuria, Kuril Is., and Japan from Hokkaido s to c Honshu; Himalayas 2400-4600 m from Afghanistan and n Pakistan e through n India and se Tibet to c China and w,n,e Burma.
Tarsiger chrysaeus  GOLDEN BUSH-ROBIN.  Undergrowth in coniferous forest, birch and rhododendron scrub.  Himalayas, 1800-4600 m in n Pakistan, n,e India, se Tibet, w China and w,n Burma.
Tarsiger indicus  WHITE-BROWED BUSH-ROBIN.  Forest, woods, undergrowth.  Himalayas, 2700-4000 m in n,e India, se Tibet, sw China, ne Burma and n Vietnam; mts. above 1800 m of Taiwan.

Tarsiger hyperythrus  RUFOUS-BREASTED BUSH-ROBIN.  Riparian thickets in forest, especially dwarf rhododendron.  Himalayas, 1800-4000 m in ne India, se Tibet and sw China.
Tarsiger johnstoniae  COLLARED BUSH-ROBIN.  Forest undergrowth.  Mts., 2000-2800 m of Taiwan.

Irania gutturalis  WHITE-THROATED ROBIN.  17 cm.  Bushes in open country, forest edge.  Lowlands to 2150 m in Turkey, Near East, n Iraq, Iran, Transcaucasus and s Turkestan.  Winters in e Africa.
 Male gray above, wings brown, throat white, rufous below, tail black.  Female brown above, whitish below, tail black.  Feeds on insects on the ground, often by leaf-turning.  Nest a cup of plant materials in a bush, tree, or on the ground; 4-6 eggs, greenish-blue with rusty spotting.  Sometimes placed in Cossypha.

Cossyphicula roberti  WHITE-BELLIED ROBIN-CHAT.  Forest.  Locally in mts., 650-1200 m in se Nigeria, cw,s Cameroon, Fernando Po I., ce Zaire, Rwanda and sw Uganda.

Placed in monotypic Cossyphicula by the East African List Committee (D. A. Turner, pers. comm.), Keith, et al. (1992. Birds of Africa, vol. 4) and Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993, p. 354).

Cossypha isabellae  MOUNTAIN ROBIN-CHAT.  Forest.  Mts., 800-2700 m in se Nigeria and sw Cameroon (exc. Kupe Mt.).
Cossypha archeri  ARCHER'S ROBIN-CHAT.  Forest.  Mts., 1800-3050 m in ce Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, and sw Uganda.
Cossypha anomala  OLIVE-FLANKED ROBIN-CHAT.  Forest.

The subspecies are isolated montane populations that differ considerably.  Species limits among the populations placed in C. archeri and C. anomala are uncertain.
 C. a. mbuluensis.  Mts. above 1200 m of nc Tanzania.
 C. a. albigularis.  S Tanzania, ne Zambia and n Malawi.
 C. a. anomala.  Nc Malawi.
 C. a. gurue.  Nc Mozambique.

Cossypha caffra  CAPE ROBIN-CHAT.  Open woods, riparian brush, towns.  Mts. to 3050 m from ce Zaire, s Sudan, Rwanda, Uganda and w,se Kenya s through ne,se,s,sw Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique and e Zimbabwe to s Namibia and S. Africa, incl. locally in the lowlands.
Cossypha humeralis  WHITE-THROATED ROBIN-CHAT.  Riparian thickets, dense thorn scrub, acacia and brachystegia woodland.  C,s Zimbabwe, e Botswana, s Mozambique and ne S. Africa in Transvaal, Swaziland and n Natal.
Cossypha cyanocampter  BLUE-SHOULDERED ROBIN-CHAT.  Forest.  Lowlands to 2000 m in Guinea, s Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, s Nigeria, e to s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, C. African Rep., ne Zaire, s Sudan, Uganda and w Kenya.

Cossypha polioptera  GREY-WINGED ROBIN-CHAT.  Forest undergrowth.  Locally in lowlands to 1800 m in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, n Nigeria, c Cameroon, ne,ce,se Zaire, se Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, w Kenya, nw Tanzania, nw Zambia and ne Angola.
Cossypha semirufa  RUEPPELL'S ROBIN-CHAT.  Thickets, woods.  Mts., 1400-2300 m in se Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya and ne Tanzania.
Cossypha heuglini  WHITE-BROWED ROBIN-CHAT.  Thickets, second growth.  Lowlands to 2100 m in Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep., and s Chad e to s Sudan, s Ethiopia and s Somalia, s through Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe to sw Angola, ne Namibia, n Botswana and ne S. Africa in e Transvaal, e Swaziland and n Natal.

Cossypha natalensis  RED-CAPPED ROBIN-CHAT.  Riparian undergrowth, thickets, forest patches.  Lowlands and mts. in Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep., s Sudan, s Ethiopia and s Somalia (exc. forested center) to Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambiqe, sw,ce Angola, Zambia and n,e Zimbabwe to e S. Africa in e Transvaal, e Swaziland, coastal Natal and se Cape Province.
Cossypha dichroa  CHORISTER ROBIN-CHAT.  Forest patches.  Lowlands to 1800 m of e,s S. Africa from n,e Transvaal and w Swaziland to Natal and cs Cape Province.
Cossypha heinrichi  WHITE-HEADED ROBIN-CHAT.  Riparian thickets in forest, savanna woodland.  Known only from w Zaire and nw Angola.

Cossypha niveicapilla  SNOWY-CROWNED ROBIN-CHAT.  Forest, thickets.  Senegambia, s Mauritania, sw Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, sw Congo, Angola, C. African Rep., s Sudan and w Ethiopia, s,e Zaire, nw Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and w Kenya.  Closely related to albicapilla.
Cossypha albicapilla  WHITE-CROWNED ROBIN-CHAT.  Riparian thickets in savanna.  Senegambia, s Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, s Niger, n Nigeria, c Cameroon, s Chad, n C. African Rep., se Sudan and sw Ethiopia.
Xenocopsychus ansorgei  ANGOLA CAVE-CHAT.  Rocks, trees, sometimes in caves, gorges.  Mts. of  w. Angola in rocky terrain, limestone caves.  Little information available.

Cichladusa arquata  COLLARED PALM-THRUSH.  River valleys with palms, farms.  Coastal Kenya, Tanzania, sw Uganda,Rwanda, Burundi,  sc,ce,se Zaire, se Angola, extreme ne Namibia (Caprivi), n Botswana, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique and nw,se Zimbabwe.

Cichladusa ruficauda  RUFOUS-TAILED PALM-THRUSH.  River valleys with palms, farms.  C. Afr. Rep., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and sw Congo Rep., s through w Zaire and coastal Angola to n Namibia.
Cichladusa guttata  SPOTTED MORNING-THRUSH.  Dry river beds, palm scrub, savanna, thickets.  S Sudan, s Ethiopia, s Somalia, Kenya, ne Zaire, Uganda and ne Tanzania.

Cercotrichas leucosticta  FOREST SCRUB-ROBIN.  Humid forest.  Locally in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso and Ghana; C. Afr. Rep.; w Angola, cn,ne Zaire and Uganda.
Cercotrichas quadrivirgata  BEARDED SCRUB-ROBIN.  Dense thickets, often riparian.  Lowlands to 800 m from s Somalia and e Kenya s through e Tanzania; Zanzibar and Mafia islands off Tanzania; Malawi, s Zambia, n,e,se Zimbabwe, ne Namibia, n Botswana and Mozambique to ne S. Africa in n,e Transvaal, e Swaziland and n Natal.
Cercotrichas barbata  MIOMBO SCRUB-ROBIN.  Thickets in brachystegia woods.  From c,e Angola e through cs,se Zaire, Burundi and n,c Zambia to w Malawi, sw Tanzania and n Mozambique.

Cercotrichas signata  BROWN SCRUB-ROBIN.  Forest, undergrowth.  Extreme s Mozambique and e S. Africa in ne Transvaal, e Swaziland, Natal and se Cape Province.
Cercotrichas hartlaubi  BROWN-BACKED SCRUB-ROBIN.  Tall grass savanna near forest.  Locally in Cameroon; small population in nw Angola; cn,ne,ce Zaire, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, c,s Kenya, Rwanda and nw Tanzania.
Cercotrichas leucophrys  RED-BACKED SCRUB-ROBIN.  Thorn scrub, acacia savanna, forest clearings.  S Ethiopia in the Rift Valley and around base of e highlands into Somalia (exc. extreme ne), s in Kenya (exc. arid n,e), s Sudan (rare), Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda Burundi, Zaire around the main forest block and in cleared areas, s Gabon, s Congo, Angola, n Namibia, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Botswana (exc. sw) and ne S. Africa in Transvaal, Swaziland, Natal and se Cape Prov.

Cercotrichas galactotes  RUFOUS-TAILED SCRUB-ROBIN.  Dry scrub, acacia thickets, hedges, towns.

C. g. galactotes.  From s Iberian Peninsula and n Africa from n Mauritania and Morocco e to n,c Egypt and the Nile River, s to n Sahara, e to Near East and n Arabia.
 C. g. familiaris.  From se Europe in the Balkans, Turkey, Near East s to n Syria, e through the Transcaucasus, n to ec Caspian Sea, Aral Sea and Lake Balkhash, and Middle East to n Pakistan s to Baluchistan.  Winters s to n subSaharan Africa.
 C. g. minor.  Subsaharan Africa n to c,s Sahara, from s Mauritania, Senegambia and s Mali e to n Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, L. Chad area, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and n Somalia.

Cercotrichas paena  KALAHARI SCRUB-ROBIN.  Arid open scrub, acacia.  Desert region in sw Angola, n,c Namibia, Botswana, sw Zimbabwe and ne S. Africa in nc Cape Prov., w,c Transvaal, w Orange Free State.
Cercotrichas coryphaeus  KAROO SCRUB-ROBIN.  Low, dry scrub, terrestrial.  From sc Namibia s to w,s S. Africa ne to s Orange Free State and Lesotho.
Cercotrichas podobe  BLACK SCRUB-ROBIN.  Arid scrub, palms.  Lowlands to 1400 m in Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Senegambia, Niger, n Nigeria, Cameroon, L. Chad area, n,c Sudan, n Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, n Somalia and w,c Arabia from coastal c Saudi Arabia s to Yemen.
Namibornis herero  HERERO CHAT. Steep rocky slopes, hilly arid bush country with scattered trees.  W Damaraland in wc Namibia and s Angola.

Copsychus sechellarum  SEYCHELLES MAGPIE-ROBIN.  Woods, towns.  Frigate I. in the Seychelles Is.  Formerly on Mahé I. until 1867; on Praslin I. until ca. 1950, and several smaller islands.
Copsychus albospecularis  MADAGASCAR MAGPIE-ROBIN.  Forest, second growth, brush.  Lowlands to 1200 m of Madagascar.
Copsychus saularis  ORIENTAL MAGPIE-ROBIN.  Farms, woods, forest; absent from desert.  Lowlands to 2000 m from n Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and s China, s through se Asia incl. Tioman I.; Andaman Is.; Sumatra and adj. islands; Java, Bali; Borneo incl. Balembangan, Banggi, Mallawli and Maratua islands; Philippine Islands incl. the Sulu Archipelago.

Copsychus malabaricus  WHITE-RUMPED SHAMA.  Second growth, thickets, bamboo, forest.  Lowlands to 1200 m from sw,se,ne,e India; Sri Lanka; s China, Hainan I., s through se Asia; Andaman Is., Sumatra and most adj. islands; Java and the Kangean Is.; Borneo, incl. Anambas, Natuna and Matasiri islands.  Intro. on Kauai and Oahu, Hawaiian Is.
Copsychus stricklandii  WHITE-CROWNED SHAMA.  Forest, second growth.  Lowlands of n Borneo (Sabah) and the Labuan, Balembangan, Banggi and Maratua islands.
Copsychus luzoniensis  WHITE-BROWED SHAMA.  Forest, second growth.  Lowlands to 1000 m on the Philippine Is. of Luzon, Polillo Is., Catanduanes, Marinduque, Masbate, Panay, Negros and Ticao.

Copsychus niger  WHITE-VENTED SHAMA.  Forest, second growth.  Sw Philippines on Calaminan Is., Palawan and Balabac.
Copsychus cebuensis  BLACK SHAMA.  Forest, second growth, bamboo.  Cebu I. in the sc Philippines.
Trichixos pyrropyga  RUFOUS-TAILED SHAMA.  Dense forest.  Lowlands to 1000 m in Malaya, Sumatra and Borneo.

Saxicoloides fulicata  INDIAN ROBIN. Open scrub, dry forest, stony or grassy areas, farms.  Up to 1500 m in Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka.  Sometimes placed in Copsychus.

Phoenicurus alaschanicus  ALA SHAN REDSTART.  Coniferous forest.  Mts. of w,nc China from sw Sinkiang e through e Kansu and e Tsinghai to Ningsia and Shensi.  Possibly conspecific with P. erythronota.
Phoenicurus erythronota  RUFOUS-BACKED REDSTART.  Coniferous forest in clearings, bushes, rocks.  Mts. of c Asia in Turkestan, e Kazakhstan, w China in w Sinkiang, nw Mongolia and sw Siberia from theAltai Mts. e to Lake Baikal.
Phoenicurus caeruleocephalus  BLUE-CAPPED REDSTART.  Rocky hillsides with juniper scrub, open pine forest.  Himalayas, 2400-4300 m in Turkestan, e Afghanistan in the Pamir Mts., w China in Sinkinag, n Pakistan and n India from Kashmir e to Bhutan.

Phoenicurus ochruros  BLACK REDSTART.  Rocky areas, cliffs, buildings, farms.  Lowlands to high mts. from s British Isles, extreme s Scandinavia and w Russia from Ukraine to Moscow, s to Crimea; s to nw Africa from Morocco to n Algeria, n Mediterranean region incl. most islands except Crete and Cyprus; Turkey and Near East, and e across Iran, the Caucasus, Transcaucasus and from Transcaspia w to Turkestan and Kazakhstan and Afghanistan to the Himalayas (2100-5100 m) of n Pakistan, n India from Kashmir to Sikkim, se Tibet, w,nc China, Mongolia and sw Siberia in the Altai and Sayan Mts.
Phoenicurus phoenicurus  COMMON REDSTART.  Woods, forest, farms.  Lowlands and mts. from British Isles and n Scandinavia e across nw,c Russia and sw Siberia to Lake Baikal, s to nw Africa from c Morocco e to n Tunisia; n Mediterranean region incl. Sicily but absent from Greece; Turkey and the Near East, incl. Cyprus; e to Iran, n Iraq, Caucasus, Transcaucasus, s Kazakhstan and probably nw Afghanistan;  but absent from most of the central regions around the Aral Sea.

Phoenicurus hodgsoni  HODGSON'S REDSTART.  Dry grassy or scrub-covered areas, field, open woods.  Himalayas, 2700-4300 m of w,c China from s Kansu and s Shensi s throughe Tsinghai to s Tibet and w,n Szechwan.
Phoenicurus schisticeps  WHITE-THROATED REDSTART.  Forest, riparian thickets.  Himalayas, 2400-4300 m in w,c China from s Kansu and se Shensi s through e,se Tsinghai and Szechwan to n Yunnan, s Tibet and ne India from wc Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh.
Phoenicurus auroreus  DAURIAN REDSTART.  Forest, riparian thickets.  Mts., 2900-4000 m in s Siberia, Mongolia, w,c,ne China and se Tibet.

Phoenicurus moussieri  MOUSSIER'S REDSTART.  Open forest, edge, scrub, grassy slopes, bare ground.  Lowlands to 3050 m from s Morocco e through n Algeria to n Tunisia.
Phoenicurus erythrogaster  WHITE-WINGED REDSTART.  Open areas, alpine tundra, rocky, barren ground, often riparian.  Mts., 3050-5500 m in n Iran, Caucasus, Transcaucasus, e Turkestan, e Kazakhstan, Pamir Mts. in ne Afghanistan, n Pakistan, n India in the Himalayas from Kashmir e to Arunachal Pradesh, w,nc China, Mongolia and sw Siberia in the Altai and near L. Baikal.
Phoenicurus frontalis  BLUE-FRONTED REDSTART.  Barren plains with rocks and scrubby vegetation.  Himalayas, 2700-4900 m in c China, s Tibet, n Pakistan and n India from Kashmir e to Arunachal Pradesh.

Chaimarrornis leucocephalus  WHITE-CAPPED WATER-REDSTART.  Along rocky streams; riparian forests.  Himalayas, 2400-4900 m in Tadzhikistan, ne Afghanistan, n Pakistan, India, s Tibet, n Burma, c,ce China, n Laos and n Vietnam.  Sometimes placed in Phoenicurus.

Rhyacornis bicolor  LUZON WATER-REDSTART.  Rocky streams, riparian thickets.  Mts. above 3000 m of n Luzon I. (Philippines).
Hodgsonius phoenicuroides  WHITE-BELLIED REDSTART.  19 cm.  Dense grass, scrub.  Himalayas, 1800-4400 m in n Pakistan, n India, se Tibet, c China, w,ne,e Burma, n Laos and n Vietnam.

Cinclidium leucurum  WHITE-TAILED ROBIN.  Forest undergrowth, often riparian.  Mts., 1050-2450 m, from ne,e India, sc China and Taiwan s through se Asia to Malaya.

Cinclidium diana  SUNDA ROBIN.  Forest undergrowth.  Mts., 900-2450 m in Sumatra and Java.
Cinclidium frontale  BLUE-FRONTED ROBIN.  Forest undergrowth.  Himalayas, ca. 1800-2100 m in ne India, sw China, nw Thailand, n Laos and n Vietnam.
Grandala coelicolor  GRANDALA.  23 cm.  Rocky alpine meadows, slopes, cliffs, talus.  Himalayas, 3650-5500 m in n India, se Tibet and c China.

Enicurus scouleri  LITTLE FORKTAIL.  Fast rocky streams, waterfalls.  Mts., 1200-3650 m in Tadzhikistan, ne Afghanistan, n,e India, c,s China, n Burma, n Vietnam and Taiwan.
Enicurus velatus  SUNDA FORKTAIL.  Rocky streams.  Mts., 600-2000 m in Sumatra and Java.
Enicurus ruficapillus  CHESTNUT-NAPED FORKTAIL.  Rocky streams in forest.  Up to 1000 m in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
Enicurus immaculatus  BLACK-BACKED FORKTAIL.  Rocky streams in woods.  Foothills to 1200 m in n India, Burma (exc. Tenasserim) and nw Thailand.
Enicurus schistaceus  SLATY-BACKED FORKTAIL.  Rocky streams.  Locally in mts., 300-1800 m in n India, s China and se Asia.

Enicurus leschenaulti  WHITE-CROWNED FORKTAIL.  Rivers, rocky streams, swampy forest.  Foothills to 1400 m in n,e India, Burma, sw,c,nc,e China, Hainan I., Thailand (exc. c,se), Laos, n,c Vietnam, Malaya, Sumatra incl. Nias and Tanahmasa, Java, Bali and Borneo.

In Borneo there are two forms differing mainly in tail length, one in the lowlands on slow streams and the other in the mountains on fast streams.  They may be different species.

Enicurus maculatus  SPOTTED FORKTAIL.  Rocky streams in forest.  Mts., 1200-3650 m from n Afghanistan and n Pakistan e through n,e India to se Tibet, w,n,e Burma, s China and n,c Vietnam.
 Cochoa:  Cochoas. The colorful cochoas occur in the mountains of southern and southeastern Asia, including Java and Sumatra.  28 cm.  They have relatively short, slightly-graduated tails; long wings, short, strong legs and lack rictal bristles.  Males of purpurea have a lavender-blue crown; face and neck blackish, brownish-purple above and below; female similar but reddish-brown above, paler below.  Male viridis crown pale blue; lores and superciliary black, face blue, back green with black bars, rump green, wings black with blue band and black bar; tail blue; underparts green.  Female similar.  Cochoas live in the undergrowth of humid forests and feed on insects and berries.  Nests are cups of green moss and leaves, lined with fibers, lichens and white threadlike fungus in all species.  Nest placed in fork of a small tree; 3-4 pale green eggs with reddish markings.

Cochoa purpurea  PURPLE COCHOA.  Forest undergrowth.  Mts., 900-3050 m, in n,e India, sw China, s,e,ne Burma incl. Tenasserim, and n Vietnam.
Cochoa viridis  GREEN COCHOA.  Riparian forest undergrowth, usually on slopes.  Mts., 600-1800 m in n India, s,e Burma, se China, nw,se Thailand and n,c Vietnam.
Cochoa beccarii  SUMATRAN COCHOA.  Forest undergrowth.  Mts., 1200-1700 m of w Sumatra.
Cochoa azurea  JAVAN COCHOA.  Forest undergrowth.  Mts. above 1500 m of w,c Java.  Sometimes treated as a race of C. beccarii.

Saxicola rubetra  WHINCHAT.  Open grassland with bushes, meadows, marshes.  From the British Isles and Scandinavia e across nw,c Russia to cw Siberia and s through Europe to n Iberian Peninsula, Corsica, s Italy, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, e Turkey, Crimea, Caucasus, Transcaucasus, nw Iran, Kirghiz steppes.
Saxicola macrorhyncha  WHITE-BROWED BUSHCHAT.  Arid plains with sparse bushes.  Lowlands of s Asia in s Afghanistan, e Pakistan and w India from Haryana, e Uttar Pradesh and e Rajasthan to sw Gujarat.
Saxicola insignis  WHITE-THROATED BUSHCHAT.  Rocky alpine meadows with bushes, cliffs.  Known from a few high mt. localities in the Altai Mts. of sw Siberia, nw Mongolia and nc China in Tsinghai and w Inner Mongolia.

Saxicola dacotiae  CANARY ISLANDS CHAT.  Scrub, bushes, fields.  On the Canary Is. of Fuerteventura, Montaña Clara and Alegranza.
Saxicola torquata  COMMON STONECHAT.  Open country, usually rocky with scattered bushes, trees, scrub and steppes.  Divided into numerous subspecies, 13 in Africa alone.

Where torquata and maura meet in the Caucasus and Transcaucasus they intergrade freely.

 S. t. torquata.  (Incl. rubicola, variegata, armenica).  Lowlands to mts. from the British Isles and s Denmark s to nw Africa from n Morocco e to n Tunisia, n Mediterranean region incl. most islands, Turkey, Near East, n Black Sea region, w Caucasus, w Transcaucasus, w,n Iran and sw Arabia.  Winters to n Africa, s to the sahel.
 S. t. axillaris.  Africa on isolated mts. in c Mali, nw Senegal, se Guinea, e Sierra Leone, w Ivory Coast, se Nigeria, nw Cameroon, Bioko I.,Chad, and w Sudan; from s Gabon, s Congo, s,se,ce,ne Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, w,ne Kenya, w,c,s Tanzania, s (mainly in mts.) in Zambia, Malawi, nw,w Mozambique to s Angola, n,e Botswana, Zimbabwe, ne Namibia and e,sw S. Africa; Grand Comoro I. and Madagascar.

S. t. albofasciata.  Highlands of extreme se Sudan, Ethiopia and Uganda.  "Probably an incipient species". (Keith, et al. 1992. Birds of Africa. Vol. 4, p. 495.
 S. t. maura.  (Incl. przewalskii and indica).  Lowlands to mts. from nw,c Russia w to White Sea and middle Volga River, s to e Caucasus and e Transcaucasus, e across Siberia to w Anadyrland, Sea of Okhotsk and Sakhalin, and s to ne Iran, Transcaspia, e Turkestan, e Kazakhstan, n Pakistan, n India in the Himalayas from Kashmir e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Megahalaya, Assam and Nagaland, ne Burma, n Laos, China, Korea, Japan on Hokkaido and n,c Honshu, and Kuril Islands.

Saxicola tectes  REUNION STONECHAT.  Tall grass, reedbeds, bushes.  Réunion I. in the w Mascarene Islands.
Saxicola leucura  WHITE-TAILED STONECHAT.  Tall grass, reedbeds, bushes,  Lowlands to 800 m in e Pakistan, n India and s,e,ne Burma.

Saxicola caprata  PIED BUSHCHAT.  Open grassland, often with bushes, scrubby savanna, steppe.   Distributions complex due to the large gaps in the distribution of grasslands.

S. c. caprata.  Lowlands to 2400 m from the Aral Sea and e Transcaspia e to s Turkestan, e Iran, ne Arabia and Afghanistan e through Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka to Burma, sw China, nw,c,ne Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and s Vietnam; Java and the Lesser Sundas e to Wetar, Kisar, Timor and Babar; Sulawesi incl. Butung and Salayar; Philippines on Luzon, Mindoro, Lubang, Bantayan, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Ticao, Camiguin Sur and Mindanao.
S. c. aethiops.  New Guinea in the n coastal lowlands from Humboldt Bay to Huon Peninsula; mid-mt. grasslands, 1200-2300 m from the Snow Mts. to c highlands and se ranges, and Bismarck Arch. on Long I., e New Britain, Watom and s New Ireland.